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This work considers the current state and the problems of the student’s youth in the domain of the socio-economic sphere as significant aspects for their development. In this context, emphasis is made to their education, the influence of the family on the upbringing and the socialization factor, the financial position as a basis of existence security as well as their behavior with all specific quali-ties in current circumstances. In accordance with the questions from the survey aimed at the target group of youngsters in the Macedonian society, it was acknowledged that the unfavorable financial status of their families prevails as the gravest social issue for their position. In this context, the im-poverishment of the family does not allow them to meet their essential existential requirements which are of crucial importance for their psychophysical development. The results derived from these analytical considerations are aimed at focusing the social policy measures on families with school age children for the purposes of attaining preventive and stimulating objectives.
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Корпоративната социална отговорност (КСО) се е утвърдила като една от ефективните практики на саморегулация, чрез която съвременните компании могат да изградят и поддържат работещ модел за взаимоизгодно сътрудничество с гражданското общество и институциите. Едно от направленията, в които КСО има значителен потенциал за разгръщане на ефективните действия, е противодействието на корупцията. Статията разглежда основните предизвикателства, които съвременните корупционните процеси пораждат в обществото и в корпоративния свят, както и основните теоретико-практични модели, чрез които КСО може да бъде използвана като действен етичен механизъм за намаляване на корупцията в най-чувствителните обществени сфери.
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In this article the author discusses influence of the innovations which are introduced in the public services on enterprises functioning in the European Union. In particular two issues referring to the managers’ opinions are analyzed: 1) innovativeness in public services, 2) influence of innovations on chosen areas of enterprise activities. Discussed results of the surveys indicate that managers’ opinions are rather positive but varied in the Member States of the European Union.
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The paper aims to assess how the existing imbalance between the education system and the regional economy influences the formation of spatial inequality and uneven economic development. Based on the structural and comparative analysis of data on Russia and China as the members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, we demonstrate that the technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution shift the demand for highly skilled labour force. This situation leads to the gap between labour demand and supply, as the education systems are oriented to the economic needs of the 3rd Industrial Revolution. We consider cross-country differences in the quantity of STEM graduates and researchers (science, technology,engineering, and mathematics) as a possible cause of spatial inequality in the context of digital transformation. Further, on the example of Russia, we apply correlation and regression analysis to show that the discrepancy between the skill level of graduates and market expectations contributes to regional development inequality. We demonstrate the strong relationship between the share of unemployed persons among the economically active population and the skills of the labour force for all federal districts of the Russian Federation. On average, an increase in the share of employees with higher or secondary vocational education by 1 %decreases unemployment by 0.32 %. Additionally, in all federal districts of Russia, there is a discrepancy between the economic need for highly qualified workers with higher education and the education system producing too many specialists with secondary vocational education. The discrepancy between the structure of skilled labour force produced by the education system and the employment structure in the labour market by 10 % increases unemployment by almost 1 %. The results of the study can be used by the government for creating the development strategy of the education system and reducing spatial inequality
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Rapid digitalisation of the economy introduces network forms of coordination of industrial enterprises activities. A network approach to cooperation in the industrial sector requires the development of theoretical foundations and methodological approaches, considering the specificity of industrial territories. The study uses various methods: structural and dynamic analysis of regional statistics and open data of industrial enterprises and regional network structures, expert commentary,development analysis of network structures in the industrial regions. The research identified possible network changes in the traditional industrial business models. Due to such changes, partners and consumers are involved in the product creation,customisation, individualisation, and price determination based on network information services. A new typology includes four types of structures corresponding to four quadrants of a two-dimensional matrix, divided by the strategic goals of merging organisations and the network structure functions. The selected types include associations of the producers of homogeneous products; partnerships and alliances; local networks; supply and value chains. The empirical part of the paper involves the identification and analysis of four types of network structures in the Sverdlovsk region and an assessment of their significance to the economy. Finally, the study assessed the development dynamics of regional network structures using particular indicators.The results can be used for developing the concept of network economy, creating tools for managing the network industry, and establishing a new industrial policy that takes into account a network aspect of cooperation.
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The balance of the consumer contract concerns more the notion of cause of the obligation, since the contractual balance supposes an analysis of the counterparties. Jurisprudence and doctrine have sometimes used this concept to remedy imbalances, in particular by carrying out a more global analysis of the content of the contract. Common law has its own rules for rebalancing the contract, and in particular the theory of vices of consent. The interest of this article is to show if the rules of common law can be used to balance the consumer contract and to what extent they are to fight against contractual unfair terms in consumer contracts.
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The article reflects the features of the formation and development of the market of psychological services in Moldova, which were identified as a result of a survey of psychologists in the country. The reasons for increasing demand and expanding supply in the market are explained. Problems and difficulties in the functioning of the market of psychological services were revealed, such as the lack of a legislative framework, price regulation, state support, and the quality of psychological services. The article highlights the ways and mechanisms for the effective development of Moldova psychological services market, the need to use regulatory mechanisms and foreign European partnership.
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The aim of this research is to contribute to the development of national policies and strategies for attracting and guiding women in STEM education programs of the Republic of Moldova. The research method is based on national data analyses, statistical trends and econometric forecasting analyses to identify the benefits of increasing the representation of women in STEM areas. The key conclusions are that the enrollment of women in research and education in area of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) will contribute to the economic development of a country. The paper presents concrete economic benefits from increasing the number of women in STEM, from creation of new employment to the economic development of the country and in particular in STEM areas.
More...Inclusion vs. Exclusion. Overcoming Undemocratic Contextual Issues in Integrating Communities to Heritage Management and Preservation
The article presents the retrospective of various initiatives of engaging localcommunities in heritage conservation and management taking place in Russiaover the last decades. It gives the analysis of their sources, locations anddevelopments in the light of contextual issues of the contemporary social andpolitical circumstances and their influence to the conservation field. It alsorepresents the summary of more than 50 years-long practice of local community engagement in the conservation of WH property “Cultural and Historic Ensemble of the Solovetsky Islands” from the period before it was designated till present.
More...Old Havana: Community Participation, Gentrification and Inequality
In the summer of 2016, the Havana’s Historian Office and the Cultural HeritageManagement research group of the Complutense University of Madrid carried out a field study and survey of the inhabitants of Old Havana. The objective was to identify the problems and necessities of the respected people, but in relation to their Cultural Heritage. Havana’s heritage management plan hasbeen a paradigm of community involvement and participation for decades.The locals living in the city are aware of the importance of their heritage, they value it and it is part of their lives. However, there is also a growing scepticismamong World Heritage Status of the city, the increasing mass tourism and the priorities on the restauration of buildings. A survey was carried out amongdifferent neighbours in the city that faced different realities and paradigmswhen it came to the nature of their heritage and the management of it. Thesurvey focused on the perception of the people on the situation, not onlytheir opinion on how the heritage was being managed, but also on how itinfluenced their lives. The views on the World Heritage defined basically twovery different realities: the proud Havana, the one where the developmentis bringing benefits (cultural, economic, aesthetical…) and the sceptic one,the ones that wonder how a mess such as Old Havana could be heritage ofhumankind, when it is not local heritage.
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The paper reflects the experiences of the social movements, civic initiatives and NGOs in St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia as well as in some other post-Soviet countries, aimed at the promotion and raising awareness of local populations about the World Heritage value in their cities. These efforts are needed because of the outstanding universal values of the historic centres of. Petersburg and other cities are threatened by illegal construction, misguided urban planning, neglect and a lack of public attention; churches and cultural landscapes suffer from poor restoration, development pressure and unregulated tourism boom. These effects are often possible because the almost most local population has no knowledge about the UNESCO World Heritage status and its implications. As a result, they are not sufficiently able to speak out for the protection of their site and do not know how the status of world cultural heritage can help them. Moreover, the population has little understanding of both the cultural value for their own community and what it means to be a world Heritage in general, leading to an insufficient realization of the potentials the status of world cultural heritage. In this paper, we try both to show our previous research results and academic materials on the topic, but also reflect on our experience of participation in different activities, and especially within the recent project implemented in 2017 and aimed on an intervention intothe discursive and pragmatic space in the field of promotion and protection ofSt. Petersburg World Heritage site. However, to understand these experiences and reflections, it is necessary to present a historical context and conditions ofthe development of both the St. Petersburg World Heritage status and the St.Petersburg social movement for the protection of St. Petersburg world heritage.
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Archaeological sites are disappearing at a rapidly accelerating rate. While destruction by ISIS and looting get all the press, the primary causes of cultural heritage loss are economic: commercial and residential development and encroachment, mining, energy, agriculture and looting to name a few. If the source of the problem is economic, so must the solutions be. In this talk, I discuss what types of economic solutions are most likely to succeed and which are destined to fail. I will describe why smaller scale projects incorporating women's empowerment and sustainable community development actually work,and why large scale projects divorced from business reality rarely do. successful programs allow communities to build their futures and save their pasts.
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The World Heritage Committee routinely receives information about the state of conservation of WH properties from State Parties or ICOMOS or IUCN mission reports. While State Party Reports are often incomplete, out dated or even incorrect, Advisory Missions suffer from being too short and understaffed in order to fully grasp the local situation. The author will show that the observations of civil society must be brought in as checks and balances to let the WH Committee have a full understanding of the dynamics that affect World Heritage Properties. For many years, UNESCOhas been requiring the participation of local communities in all procedures of the World Heritage Convention - from tentative lists and nominationsto management and monitoring. However, State Parties remain reluctantto implement this - both on the site level and on the Convention level. Inresponse to this situation, World Heritage Watch has been founded as a globalnetwork of civil society actors whose goal is to contribute to the safeguardingof World Heritage Sites by bringing information to the attention of the WHCommittee, and to strengthen the role of civil society in the proceedingsof the World Heritage Convention. Based on practical experience from the field and four years of activity within the organization, the presentation will explain what civil society has achieved, suggest where the challenges are andhow they can be met, and provide an unvarnished outlook on the future of the World Heritage Convention.
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Both the general public and the specialists (archaeologists, historians, etc.)that are concerned with the cultural heritage, are most often informed abouttheir state or about the latest archaeological discoveries in the written orTV press. The present study focuses on articles published in the press andtelevision during 2017 and 2018 ( January - November) on the issue of thecultural and archaeological heritage of Romania included in the UNESCOWorld Heritage List. For a better follow-up to this study, we will provideyou with a table below with each UNESCO heritage objective, along withthe LMI code, UNESCO registration code, year of listing and geographiclocation. Also, the study will contain a brief presentation of the report drawnfrom the media for each monument.
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Service robots and artificial intelligence promise to improve the service quality. Robotics in combination with rapidly improving technologies like artificial intelligence, bring opportunities for a wide range of innovations that have the potential to change service quality in hotel industry. Based on an extensive literature review, this article presents the acceptance of service robots in hotel industry. The paper acknowledges that the adoption of the robots and artificial intelligence on service quality is focused on the challenges of technological characteristics, customers’ readiness and practical effectiveness of the business. The study provides a comprehensive and systematic review of robots and AI concepts in a hotel industry and examines their impacts on service quality. The hotel industry future is going to be affected with high-tech tourism companies offering robot-automated services which rely on guidance to adopt and integrate robotics into their customer service operations.
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In the article, the author, from the aspect of the history of the institution, deals with the business and liquidation of the Senj savings bank from 1873, when the savings bank was founded,all the way to 1948, when its liquidation was completed. The business affairs of the savings bank were carried out by a main assembly of shareholders, a directorate and supervisory board. Despite the large economic crises and two world wars, Senj’s savings bank avoided the fate of the majority the financial institutions that operated with a loss. It was one of the rare institutions which never had any kind safeguards nor was it ever appointed with a commissioner. The directorate of the savings bank always began from the standpoint that the institution should primarily be preserved ,which is what it succeeded in. With the sturdy determination of its directorate and clerical service and business friends, the savings bank overcame all crises, generally with ease, if only with a modest profit. The directorate adapted its work to the circumstances and faithfully to its principles, in order for the savings bank to better serve the business world and successfully preserve the gained trust of its business friends. Immediately after World War Two, the work of the savings bank completely stopped. Given that there was not one condition for the further successful work of the Senj savings bank and given the planned liquidation of private financial institutions, in socialist Yugoslavia, the liquidation of institutions was specified as early as 1945, and it was completed in 1948.
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Over the last two decades, the rapid development of information technology and telecommunications has led companies to pay more attention to mobile marketing communications. Companies see mobile marketing communications as a cost-effective and results-oriented way to reach potential customers in a highly personalized environment. While the range and customization options offered by mobile phones are promising for business, young people often associate this with irritation, intrusion and mistrust. The present study examines the determinants of positive consumer attitudes towards mobile marketing communications for the Bulgarian market. Trust and quality and relevant content are presented as the main factors that favorably influence consumer attitudes and predispose gaining consumer consent to receive communication messages / advertisements on their smart devices. The possibility of achieving two-way communication through mobile messages / advertisements leads to building dialogue and strong connection with the mobile users, and subsequently - building trust, which is fundamental success factor in the digital age. Consumer trust is difficult to gain, but it can easily be lost. Businesses should avoid the abuse of trust and should try not to overwhelm their customers with irrelevant or unwanted ads. In the end of this article recommendations for overcoming existing barriers in the face of negative attitudes and associations that lead to better results and long-term positive attitudes towards mobile marketing communications are presented.
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The insurance activity is carried out through insurance advice by insurance intermediaries. It puts at the center of the provided insurance service - the customer, with its long-term and short-term goals, specific needs and objections, dreams and fears. Today, deep knowledge of the client is achievable and is based on intensive communication with him. The conscious and active use of the capabilities of structured communication during commercial meetings is a prerequisite for success in the sales of insurance consultants or brokers and expansion of their client bases, as well as to increase customer satisfaction with the insurance service by type of insurance. The main objective of the scientific material is to place priority emphasis on the importance in the use of successful practices, techniques and skills in insurance sales that increase the benefits of insurance activity for all parties to the insurance relationship. One of the key challenges in the work of insurance intermediaries is the smooth and expert overcoming of the customer's objections in the process of their insurance.
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Theoretical explanations of corruption in Africa are inconclusive. Economic downturn and poverty are the effects of poor resource management in Africa. Yet, neopatrimonialism also stands as an alternative explanation. This survey separate these two theoretical alternatives of corruption in Africa. It examines 54 African countries using the corruption perception index of 2017. It found that fuel-exporting countries in Africa are more corrupt than non-fuel exporting countries with a large associated effect size (Cohen’s d =. 94). Fuel exporting countries were linked with resource-curse theory (poor resource management) and the extractive theory of corruption (neopatrimonialism) while non fuel exporting countries was linked up with only the extractive theory of corruption (neopatrimonialism). By implication, African nations involved in the exportation of fuel resource are 94% likely to be more corrupt than countries that do not export fuel.
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