"Celotno posojilo Mestne hranilnice ljubljanske je šlo v žepe akcionarjev in po drugih napačnih potih." Mestna hranilnica ljubljanska in propad industrijske delniške družbe Karel Pollak

Author(s): Mitja Suncic / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2009

Ljubljana City Savings Bank and the Decline of Karel Pollak Industrial Joint-stock Company This year it is the 120'h anniversary of the establishment of Mestna hranilnica ljubljanska (Ljubljana City Savings Bank). On the basis of the archives of this monetary institution, the author of the following contribution explores the previously unknown event, never mentioned before in the historical overviews published to date, of the crediting of the major leather industry joint-stock company Karel Pollak in the period between both World Wars. The discussion focuses on the dynamics of the business relationships between the creditor and borrower with the emphasis on the increasingly tense relations in the time when the Karel Pollak company found itself in financial trouble. In the middle of 1920s the Ljubljana City Savings Bank granted a mortgage credit to the family joint-stock leather industry company Pollak in the amount of 25 million dinars, which was extremely generous for the circumstances of that time. The issue was not problematic until the Great Depression, which affected the Pollak leather company severely. A two-year conflict ensued between the City Savings Bank and this company, during which the owners of the company resorted to many dirty and unethical business moves. The dispute concluded with the bankruptcy of the Pollak joint-stock company and the takeover of its factories, carried out by the City Savings Bank. However, the consequences of the granting of this credit did not only affect the Pollak family - the Ljubljana City Savings Bank also suffered considerable financial losses.

"Do You Have Any Empties?"

Bottle Collectors’ Interactions in Public Spaces in Zagreb

Author(s): Dino Vukušic,Stephanie Stelko / Language(s): English / Issue: 39/2016

This paper describes the practices of people who collect discarded bottles and cans during public events in Zagreb, Croatia, which they return to recycling centers in order to receive a bottle deposit needed to supplement their low incomes. In addition to an ethnographic section in which we briefly describe this underrepresented aspect of everyday life in Zagreb, we address the symbolics at play in bottle collectors’ interactions among themselves and with "bottle providers" – people who gather in public spaces and consume drinks from bottles and cans. In so doing, we describe how the presence of a marginalized social group becomes visible in public spaces.

"Eye tracking" the Method and Psychology of Consumer Behaviour on the Market

Author(s): Wioletta Wereda / Language(s): English / Issue: 111/2016

Niniejsza publikacja przedstawia rolę, jaką odgrywa nowoczesna metoda "Eye tracking" w psychologii zachowań konsumenta na rynku. Metoda ta jest szczególnie wykorzystywana w medycynie i psychologii. W ostatnich latach znalazła ona również szerokie zastosowanie w naukach ekonomicznych, szczególnie w marketingu.(abstrakt oryginalny) This publication presents the role which the modern method called "Eye tracking" plays in the psychology of consumer behaviour on the market. This method is particularly used in medicine and psychology. In recent years, it has been also widely used in economic sciences, especially in marketing.(original abstract)

"Municipal settlements of Ukraine" database and its possible application spheres

Author(s): Glibchuk Petro Volodymyrovych / Language(s): English / Issue: 34/2016

With the development of geoinformation technologies and geoinformation mapping the sphere of activity of professional geographers and cartographers has been enriched by a wide application of databases (DB). They enable geographical information to be put in order in a user-friendly system. The article considers the methodological aspects of the organizations and creation of such a system - the "Municipal settlements of Ukraine" databases. The basic stages and databases forming the principles which the author designated during the creation of this specific database are highlighted. The DB structure is revealed - the list of the data included in every table is given. The ways of DB applications are determined; they consist in using DB for the creation of various cartographic studies and reference books about the municipal settlements in Ukraine. The prospects of DB development and perfection are considered.

"Smo mel cel popoldan fraj - da ti to kot delavcu vzamejo ..."

spomin na prosti čas in delo žensk v obdobju socialistične Slovenije

Author(s): Polona Sitar / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1/2015

In her contribution the author focuses on understanding the interconnection of work and leisure time in the period of the socialist Slovenia/Yugoslavia (1945-1991). She is interested in the meaning that women ascribed to their leisure time (understood as a reward for the workers during socialism) in comparison with gainful employment. She also pays special attention to the issue of how women experienced their leisure time in comparison with unpaid housekeeping and through the perspective of the so-called »double burden« in socialism, and how they experience it today, in the context of the capitalist market economy. The contribution is based on the fieldwork analysis, focused on the interviews with retired women, revealing their everyday life on the micro level. The goal of the »oral history« approach, used in the contribution, is not to reconstruct the socialist past and record it chronologically, but to present the perspective based on the women’s experience and their everyday practices, contributing an additional perspective to the existing official political and economic history descriptions.

"The dangerous classes”: Hugo Grotius and seventeenth-century piracy as a primitive anti-systemic movement

Author(s): Eric Wilson / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

This essay discusses the historical and textual representations of piracy in the writings of Hugo Grotius, primarily De Indis/De iure praedae (1603-1608) and the Commentarius in Theses XI (c. 1600). Contrary to popular belief, Grotius, in stark contrast to Jean Bodin, was not an advocate of the constitutionally homogenous Nation-State. Rather, his central concept of divisible sovereignty, the lynchpin of the constitutional theory of his early writings, unambiguously presents us with the object of the heterogeneous State. In Grotian theory, the State may be “read” as a composite construction, with a residual degree of inalienable sovereignty accruing at each unit-level. Even if only unconsciously, Grotius describes a concurrent para-political sub-division of the state between institutional Government (the “magistrates”) and civil society, one that constitutes an operational system of governance within the Nation-State. Like his contemporary Johannes Althusius, Grotius’ theory allows for the emergence of a wholly “private,” albeit lawful, mode of authority. This is most apparent in Grotius’ treatment of the mercantile trading Company and its Privateering operations. The corporatist theory of sovereignty permits the Company’s private agents of violence, the legally ambivalent Privateer/Pirate, to be invested with a requisite degree of sovereignty. The Grotian theory of divisible sovereignty, investing the seventeenth-century Pirate band with legal personality, serves as a vital historical precursor to the quasi-statist (trans-) national criminal cartels of the twenty-first century. The Grotian Pirate/Privateer/Just Avenger, therefore, is a “nomad”: a liminal entity that simultaneously transverses both geographical and juro-political spaces, rendering him or herself in-determinable.

"This lofty mountain of silver could conquer the whole world”: Potosí and the political ecology of underdevelopment, 1545-1800

Author(s): Jason W. Moore / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

By the 1570’s, Potosí, and its silver, had become the hub of a commodity revolution that reorganized Peru’s peoples and landscapes to serve capital and empire. This was a decisive moment in the world ecological revolution of the long seventeenth century. Primitive accumulation in Peru was particularly successful: the mita’s spatial program enabled the colonial state to marshal a huge supply of low-cost and tractable labor in the midst of sustained demographic contraction. The relatively centralized character of Peru’s mining frontier facilitated imperial control in a way the more dispersed silver frontiers of New Spain did not. Historical capitalism has sustained itself on the basis of exploiting, and thereby undermining, a vast web of socio-ecological relations. As may be observed in colonial Peru, the commodity frontier strategy effected both the destruction and creation of premodern socio-ecological arrangements.

"To nie my przekroczyliśmy granicę, to ona przecięła nas." Biopolityka europejskiego reżimu migracyjnego

Author(s): Lukasz Moll / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2016

This article reconceptualizes analytical tools suitable to theorizing the European migration regime by employing concepts developed by philosophers of biopolitics. By referring to border and migration studies, it diagnoses both the crisis of the traditional conceptualization of the border and the crisis of the post-Westphalian political order in Europe. Identifying the end of bordering practices as a result of the intertwining of sovereignty, territory, and population in the context of a neoliberal regime of capital accumulation, the article proposes to treat borders as productive apparatuses (dispositifs). While they support the desirable flows of people, they block the undesirable forms of circulation. In conclusion, the article argues that the co-existence of borderless spaces within the European Union with the arbitrary mechanisms of mobility control applied to non-EU migrants is impossible to maintain in the long run. Keeping the current status quo will result in the obliteration of the inside/outside division and a rupture in the strong link between borders and territory. In effect, the same apparatuses which aimed to make free mobility possible are becoming its main source of danger.

(049) THE LONG SHADOW OF ORDOLIBERALISM: GERMANY’S APPROACH TO THE EURO CRISIS

Author(s): Sebastian Dullien,Ulrike Guerot / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2012

The new treaty agreed by European leaders in January reflects Germany’s distinctive approach to the euro crisis rather than collective compromise. Much to the frustration of many other eurozone count-ries, Germany has imposed its own approach – centred on austerity and price stability at the expense of economic growth – on others without considering whether the institutional flaws of monetary union beyond a lack of fiscal control may be the cause of some of the distortions and problems that the cur-rent euro crisis has exposed or whether its approach could have a negative impact on other eurozone countries. German economic orthodoxy has been widely criticised elsewhere in Europe. This brief explores the historical and ideological foundations of German economic thinking and discusses how it differs from mainstream international economic discourse. It argues that there is more to Germany’s distinctive approach to the euro crisis than the much-discussed historical experience of the hyperinflati-on in the Weimar Republic on the one hand and simple national interest on the other. Rather, there is an ideological edifice behind German economic orthodoxy with which Germany’s partners must enga-ge. While a change in the government after the next general election, in 2013, would lead to a change in German economic policy, it is unlikely to dramatically change the country’s approach to the euro crisis.

(Post)socialističtí ekonomové jako objekt historického zkoumání

Současný stav bádání a perspektivy

Author(s): Václav Rameš / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 3/2017

The article examines the current state of research in the field of the history of economic sciences and activities of Czechoslovak economists in the era of socialism. It provides an overview of basic contributions, both domestic and foreign, on this topic since the 1990s, examining works of Johanna Bockman, Jiří Suk and Gil Eyal in a greater detail. It also mentions the latest research projects concerning this topic. In the end, the author offers a list of available sources (archival documents and published memoirs) which can be used in future research.

? Sayisinin rasgeleliğinin sinanmasi

Author(s): Sahin Inanç,H. Kemal Sezen / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2017

As a part of their simulation work, random numbers are usually generated by computers. The purpose of this work is to test and verify the randomness of the so-called random generator so that it can be used in simulation runs. Additionally, in this study, the acquisition of the number of ? before the randomness tests were mentioned. In this study it is performed that how this calculation method is used, how to divide the calculation into mathematically simpler components, how to program it with the computer program, and how to calculate it as simple as the desired step. In this study, the first 10000 steps of the ? number were obtained and the randomness test was performed with five different randomness tests. The series is made up after the comma next steps of the number of ?. A program in the C # programming language was developed to investigate the randomness of this sequence. The chi-square test, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the poker test, the gap test and the run test were applied to test the randomness.

1788-1825 (Hicrî 1203-1240) Dönemine Ait Bir İcmâl Defterine Göre Darphanenin Maden Temin ve Sikke Darp Faaliyeti

Author(s): Ömerül Faruk Bölükbasi / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2016

We try to make an evaluation of Ottoman monetary and mining history according to an icmâl book pertaining to period between the years 1788-1825. Some information is provided regarding the amount of silver coming from mines to the Mint, specie coinage and the revenue obtained through money coinage with gold bought from the market in this icmâl book. Original results are obtained when this information is transformed into tables and graphics and supported by archival documents and literature. First of these results is that silver production in Ottoman mines experienced a dramatic decrease in that period and the second is that revenue obtained from gold specie coinage was very influential in overcoming the financial crisis in that period. Information in the literature regarding the amount of production in Ottoman mines is insufficient and is far from making up a regular statistical series. Besides, we emphasize the fact that financial crisis in that period is overcome by debasement of silver species. The information in icmâl book makes up a regular series of thirty six years regarding the silver production in Ottoman mines; and reveals that adjustments on gold species was very influential in overcoming financial crisis even if not influential as the ones on silver species.

18. YÜZYIL SONRASI TÜRK MODERNLEŞMESİNİN SINIFSAL TEMELLERİ

Author(s): Mehmet Devrim Topses / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 17/2017

Communities and societies exist and develop based on financial realities. The reason that socio-economic reality explains societal life is that humans are biological organisms. Thus, determining societal events in terms of science is possible by crossexamining them with financial realities. The aim of the study is to explain the class based dimensions of the Turkish modernization movement that started in the 18th century. The majority of the studies conducted during the 20th century on sociological analysis of the Turkish modernization movement has made two mistakes. Firstly, they dealt with the issues only surrounding the relationships among the superior institutions of society and they generally ignored the financial and class-related dimensions of the movement. Secondly, they remained aloof to the universality principle of modern human values like secularism and humanity. However, any innovation that is in favor of humanity, that develops and cares about humanity, is the common product of all humanity whatever its geographical roots come from. It is common and necessary that any social structure pattern itself on a more developed civilizations’ humanity values.

1989: Szempontok a rendszerváltás globális politikai gazdaságtanához

Author(s): Márk Áron Éber,Ágnes Gagyi,Tamás Gerocs,Csaba Jelinek,András Pinkasz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 21/2014

This article rethinks 1989 – the year commonly treated as a milestone of regime change. As contrary to this narrow view, and with the aim of laying out the conceptual foundations of possible future research projects, we give a short overview of the way Hungary became incorporated into the capitalist world system and of the key global, economic, and geopolitical factors that influenced its dependent development. For this we present a historically sensitive, global political economic narrative within which we pay special attention to the way public debt had been accumulated and how this, in turn, shaped Hungary’s position within the world system. After our analysis of the regime change we continue with an overview of the main structural dynamics of the last two decades. Finally, through two short case studies, we show how our perspective can throw new light on the political ideologies and economic policies of the era. The accumulation of state debt was not a Hungarian specificity: instead, we argue that it was rather a result of the global restructuring process and of its concomitant effect of decreasing national state-sovereignty. In the following manner, we also argue that the emergence of debates (which were central in evaluating the regime change, revolving around issues like „democracy” vs. „dictatorship” or „planning” vs. „market”) can be better understood within our global, historical, and political economic analytical framework. In the long run we identify two economic development strategies – namely, the strategy of liberalization and the strategy of protectionism – both structured around the, nonetheless entirely unfulfilled, hope of overcoming Hungary’s semi-peripheral position by „catching up” to its Western neighbors. These strategies then can be analyzed on the base of how they relate to global cycles of accumulation; how their shifts were influenced by changes in the world system; and, in turn, how these strategies organized both various elite projects shaped by global cyclical dynamics and the interpretations about our historically unfolding dependent position.

360 DERECE PERFORMANS DEĞERLEME YÖNTEMİ İLE PERFORMANS DEĞERLEME: BANKA ŞUBESİ ÇALIŞANLARI ÜZERİNDE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Author(s): Aras Dogan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 42/2019

This study focuses on how the key competencies of employees are evaluated using 360 degree performance evaluation system. 360 degree performance appraisal of employees is evaluated not only from superiors but also from himself, subordinates, peers and customers. The main aim of this study is to evaluate six key competencies acknowledged by 360 degree performance evaluation system. With this purpose semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight bank branch employees and the data were arranged and interpreted by means of descriptive analysis. The findings show that seven employees’s performance is above the desired level. But one employee’s performance is below desired level. It is believed that this research will contribute qualitative performance evaluation using 360 degree performance evaluation process.

4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GOVERNANCE AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT "ICGSM"

The circular Economy. BFU. Burgas, 11 - 12 may 2017

Author(s): / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

The conference proceedings “ 4th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GOVERNANCE AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT “ICGSM” are a collection of the papers presented by the lecturers and PhD students – participants in the 4-th International Conference on Governance and Strategic Management (ICGSM).

65 de ani de cercetare în construcţii, arhitectură şi urbanism

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 2015

History of NIRD URBAN-INCERC: research in civil engineering, architecture and spatial planning.

A Bayesian Blessing: A Biblical Decision Explained by Game Theory

Author(s): Leah Dodell / Language(s): English / Issue: 30/2018

This paper revisits one of the most debated tales from the Old Testament, Jacob’s deception of his father Isaac, and models it in the framework of a Bayesian game. Solving for the equilibrium that occurs in the Torah reveals what conditions must hold for biblical characters to be willing to make the decisions that they make. The paper also examines how the protagonists’ decisions would have changed if they had held different values. The analysis sheds light on which interpretations of the biblical story hold the most weight when its characters maintain consistent beliefs and act upon them in a sequentially rational manner.

A BAYESIAN INFERENCE OF MULTIPLE STRUCTURAL BREAKS IN MEAN AND ERROR VARIANCE IN PANEL AR (1) MODEL

Author(s): Varun Agiwal,Kumar Jitendra,D. K. Shangodoyin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

This paper explores the effect of multiple structural breaks to estimate the parameters and test the unit root hypothesis in panel data time series model under Bayesian perspective. These breaks are present in both mean and error variance at the same time point. We obtain Bayes estimates for different loss function using conditional posterior distribution, which is not coming in a closed form, and this is approximately explained by Gibbs sampling. For hypothesis testing, posterior odds ratio is calculated and solved via Monte Carlo Integration. The proposed methodology is illustrated with numerical examples.

A Brief Conversation on Quality and Ethics in Higher Education

Author(s): Ioan Chirila,Iulian Warter / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019