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#50 Trends and Gaps in the Academic Literature on EU Labour Migration Policies

Author(s): Marie De Somer / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2012

This paper provides an overview of the ‘state of the art’ in the academic literature on EU labour migration policies. It forms part of the research agenda of Work Package 18 of the NEUJOBS project, which aims at reviewing legislation and practices regarding the labour market inclusionand protection of rights of different categories of foreign workers in European labour markets. Accordingly, particular attention is paid to the works of scholars who evaluate the status of rights of third-country national workers in relation to labour market access, employment security, social integration, etc., in European legislation on labour immigration. More specifically, the review has selected those scholarly works that focus specifically on analysingthe manner in which policy-makers have addressed the granting of rights to non-EU migrant workers, and the manner in which policy agendas – through the relevant political and institutional dynamics – have found their translation in the legislation adopted.

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#60 Why come here if I can go there? Assessing the ‘Attractiveness’ of the EU’s Blue Card Directive for ‘Highly Qualified’ Immigrants

Author(s): Katharina Eisele / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2013

This paper analyses the attractiveness of the EU’s Blue Card Directive – the flagship of the EU’s labour immigration policy – for so-called ‘highly qualified’ immigrant workers from outside the EU. For this purpose, the paper deconstructs the understanding of ‘attractiveness’ in the Blue Card Directive as shaped by the various EU decision-making actors during the legislative process. It is argued that the Blue Card Directive sets forth minimum standards providing for a common floor –not a common ceiling: the Directive did not, as originally envisaged by the European Commission, create one European highly skilled admission scheme. This raises questions regarding its concreteuse. A critical focus is placed on the personal scope of the Blue Card Directive and the level of rights offered, and a first comparative perspective on the implementation of the Directive in five member states is provided.

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#67 The US Labour Immigration Scheme – All about being attractive? EU Perceptions and Stakeholders’ Perspectives Reviewed

Author(s): Katharina Eisele / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2014

Labour immigration schemes that effectively attract qualified immigrant workers are a policy priority for many governments. But what are ‘attractive’ labour immigration schemes and policies? To whom are (or should) such policies (be) attractive? In Europe, the US is often portrayed as one of the most ‘attractive’ countries of immigration – if not the most ‘attractive’. This paper aims to analyse and provide a better understanding of the elements of the US immigration system that are supposedly attractive to foreign workers, by examining key features of the current and prospective US labour immigration rules. The paper finds that ‘attractiveness’ in this policy context is a highly malleable and flexible concept: What might be ‘attractive’ to one key stakeholder might not be to another.

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65 de ani de cercetare în construcţii, arhitectură şi urbanism

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 2015

History of NIRD URBAN-INCERC: research in civil engineering, architecture and spatial planning.

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A BAYESIAN INFERENCE OF MULTIPLE STRUCTURAL BREAKS IN MEAN AND ERROR VARIANCE IN PANEL AR (1) MODEL

Author(s): Varun Agiwal,Kumar Jitendra,D. K. Shangodoyin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

This paper explores the effect of multiple structural breaks to estimate the parameters and test the unit root hypothesis in panel data time series model under Bayesian perspective. These breaks are present in both mean and error variance at the same time point. We obtain Bayes estimates for different loss function using conditional posterior distribution, which is not coming in a closed form, and this is approximately explained by Gibbs sampling. For hypothesis testing, posterior odds ratio is calculated and solved via Monte Carlo Integration. The proposed methodology is illustrated with numerical examples.

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A Comparison of Ukrainian Labor Migration in the Czech Republic and Poland

Author(s): Šárka Prát,Thu Minh Bui / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2018

The process of migration has been the subject of extensive debates throughout Europe. Migration patterns are constantly changing in our current globalized economy; therefore, it is insufficient to assume that countries sharing cultural, geographical, and linguistic similarities experience synchronised migration flows. This article attempts to contribute to the understanding of one of the most dominant migration streams from Eastern Europe, specifically the movement from Ukraine to the Czech Republic and Poland. The period of interest follows the accession of the destination countries into the EU between 2004 and 2014. The results show that Ukraine suffers from much worse economic and social conditions than Poland and the Czech Republic. GDP growth, unemployment, and the poverty rate are three important indicators that explain why there has been such a large influx of Ukrainians into the host countries. While educational attainment was also massively deficient in Ukraine, it appears this is a reflection of the institutional failure of the Ukrainian education system, thus leading to the education– occupation mismatch of Ukrainian migrant workers. Despite the fact that Poland and the Czech Republic are linguistically, culturally, and geographically close, the immigration flow from Ukraine has behaved very differently in each case; for instance, the most notable contrast reveals that migration to the Czech Republic, but not to Poland, was substantially affected by economic crises.

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A Crisis Within the Crisis: The Impact of Covid-19 and Brexit On Supply Chains in the Pharmaceutical Industry

Author(s): Ralina Dobrinova Mircheva / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union creates a situation which will be observed by researchers and economists for quite a while. Keeping in mind that the UK and the EU were already facing many difficult challenges, the global pandemic took the world by storm and sparked disputes about the economic stability of countries around the globe. In the beginning of 2020 the unknowns surrounding Covid-19 and the two crises in the EU caused a “black swan” phenomenon (Taleb, 2007). Some of the questions which concern many European countries are where and how the deliveries of medical supplies (which are crucial during these times) will be arranged. The main goal of this paper is to examine the measures taken by the pharmaceutical industry in the United Kingdom related to supply chains: on the one hand, the measures taken after the declaration of Brexit, and on the other – at the onset of the pandemic. It’s also important to mention China and India as both countries exert massive influence on the chemical and pharmaceutical industry.

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A Different Type of Gender Gap: How Women and Men Experience Poverty

Author(s): Éva Fodor,Lilla Vicsek / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2006

While recent surveys do not find that poverty is feminized in post-communist Hungary, this project explores gender differences in the experience of destitution. Drawing on a content analysis of in-depth interviews in twentyseven very low-income households, the author exposes the particularly gendered daily practice of poverty in Hungarian families. The author argues that one of the major gender differences in the experience of poverty is that men often find themselves in a gender role crisis when they are too poor to function as successful breadwinners. Women, on the other hand, tend to feel their roles as caretakers intensified and thus avoid a conflict with (newly) hegemonic ideals of femininity. As a response, poor marriedcouple families devise ways in which they try to alleviate men’s gender shame. The goal of the article is to identify four such strategies, which are used by poor couples to devise livable alternatives to hegemonic gender roles.

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A digitalis térbeli kiigazítás

Author(s): Daniel Greene,Daniel Joseph / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 23/2018

This article brings distinct strands of the political economy of communication and economic geography together in order to theorise the role digital technologies play in Marxian crisis theory. Capitalist advances into digital spaces do not make the law of value obsolete, but these spaces do offer new methods for displacing overaccumulated capital, increasing consumption, or accumulating new, cheaper labour. We build on David Harvey’s theory of the spatial fix to describe three digital spatial fixes, fixed capital projects that use the specific properties of digital spaces to increase the rate of prof- it, before themselves becoming obstacles to the addictive cycle of accumulation: the primitive accumulation of time in the social Web, the annihilation of time by space in highfrequency trading, and affect rent in virtual worlds. We conclude by reflecting on how these digital spatial fixes also fix the tempo of accumulation and adjust the time-scale of Marxian crisis theory.

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A GENERALIZED RANDOMIZED RESPONSE MODEL

Author(s): Housila P. Singh,Gorey Swarangi M. / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

In this paper we have suggested a generalized version of the Gjestvang and Singh (2006) model and have studied its properties. We have shown that the randomized response models due to Warner (1965), Mangat and Singh (1990), Mangat (1994) and Gjestvang and Singh (2006) are members of the proposed RR model. The conditions are obtained in which the suggested RR model is more efficient than the Warner (1965) model, Mangat and Singh (1990) model and Mangat (1994) model and Gjestvang and Singh (2006) model. A numerical illustration is given in support of the present study.

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A household waste stream analysis in a rural Mexican location

Author(s): Luis Velázquez,Carlos ANAYA,Omar CONTRERAS-AGANZA,Nora Munguía / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Aim: This paper presents a waste stream analysis with the purpose of identifying opportunities to reduce environmental and health risks within a small rural population in Northwestern Mexico by following the Environmental Protection Agency’s waste management hierarchy.Design / Research methods: The study consisted of three phases. Firstly, a one-stage cluster sampling was conducted to characterize the household waste in this rural population. A cluster in this study was a block. There were 54 clusters, but only 40 with occupied houses. The clusters were selected by simple random sampling. During the second phase of this study, a survey was conducted to examine the waste management practices of the residents of sampled houses. Considering that 51 were the inhabited houses in the sampled clusters, a simple random sampling for finite populations was selected. Finally, a quadrant sampling method was conducted to characterize the waste material in a municipal landfill. The total area of the municipal landfill site was divided into black and white quadrants. The white color represented tails and the black color represented heads. The color of the sampled quadrants was selected after 50 virtual coin flips for true randomness.Conclusions/findings: The findings from this study indicate a willingness of the inhabitants in this rural location to participate in source reduction initiatives. The findings also showed that organic waste was the predominant material in household waste composition. Therefore, there are opportunities to enhance composting at home or even implement a community composting program. Originality/value of the article: Based on the waste stream analysis, there are opportunities to reduce the environmental and health risks at a small rural zone in Northwestern Mexico. In this regard, this study can serve as an example to analyze and compare sustainable opportunities in other rural zones around the world.

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A közmunkások helyzete és a közfoglalkoztatás szerepe az Ormánságban

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Pulszter / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2020

This study presents the results of participatory observation research in one of the most disadvantaged regions of Hungary, Ormansag in South Baranya, in the district of Sellye, related to public employment. The examined field has a high proportion of the low-skilled population with an unfavourable socio-cultural situation, a high unemployment rate, a significant number of people employed in—to put it in common parlance—public works, and this is well reflected in the structure of local society. Public employment means a very low income, a wage level below the minimum wage, the primary labour market is characterized by a lack of jobs, and due to the multiple marginalized situation, many are stuck in the public employment system for decades, although public employment was originally intended to serve as a transit employment only. In addition to exploring the situation, the study discusses the practical implementation of public employment programs, the perception of public workers, the employer environment and many other aspects that are related to public works based on the experience in the Sellye district.

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A mai pénzügyi rendszer kritikája és reformlehetőségei

Author(s): Sára Lafferton,Gábor Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 27/2020

In this paper we try to briefly analyse the main working principles and the social consequences of the financial system. In the second part of our article we describe several alternative solutions to the current system: in our opinion, some of these could help and enable the work of establishing a democratic and solidarity economy.

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A Major Step Towards the Practical Implementation of Comprehensive Reforms

Author(s): Pavel Sedláček / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Review.

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A MULTIDIMENSIONAL AND DYNAMISED CLASSIFICATION OF POLISH PROVINCES BASED ON SELECTED FEATURES OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN 2002–2013

Author(s): Wojciech Łukaszonek / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

For close to two decades after the fall of communism in 1989, Polish higher education enjoyed an unprecedented period of development. Favourable political, economic, social and demographic changes led to a fivefold increase in the number of students and the number of higher educational institutions. The dynamic changes and their effects did not occur uniformly, in either space or time. An attempt is made here to identify and analyse the regional differentiation between Polish provinces in terms of features relating to higher education. To investigate the changes in higher education in the period of economic and social transformation, observations were made of fundamental characteristics of higher education in the years 2002–2013. The applied procedure uses new statistical methods applicable to a space of doubly multivariate data. The covariance matrix used to construct principal components is given the structure of a Kronecker product. The results led to the identification of six groups of provinces, including two consisting of a single province – Mazowieckie and Małopolskie provinces – which contain the largest and the highest-ranked2 higher educational institutions in Poland: the University of Warsaw and Jagiellonian University.

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A NEW AND UNIFIED APPROACH IN GENERALIZING THE LINDLEY’S DISTRIBUTION WITH APPLICATIONS

Author(s): Bouchahed Lahsen,Zeghdoudi Halim / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

This paper proposes a new family of continuous distributions with one extra shape parameter called the generalized Zeghdoudi distributions (GZD). We investigate the shapes of the density and hazard rate function. We derive explicit expressions for some of its mathematical quantities. Various statistical properties like stochastic ordering, moment method, maximum likelihood estimation, entropies and limiting distribution of extreme order statistics are established. We prove the flexibility of the new family by means of applications to several real data sets.

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A NEW ESTIMATOR OF MEAN USING DOUBLE SAMPLING

Author(s): Vadlamudi Kalyan Rao,Sedory Stephen A.,Singh Sarjinder / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2017

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimation of population mean of a study variable by making use of first-phase sample mean and first-phase sample median of the auxiliary variable at the estimation stage. The proposed new estimator of the population mean is compared to the sample mean estimator, ratio estimator and the difference type estimator for the fixed cost of the survey by using the concept of two-phase sampling. The magnitude of the relative efficiency of the proposed new estimator has been investigated through simulation study.

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A new institutional orientation of the development of science, knowledge and human capital in Poland versus integrated development

Author(s): Michał Gabriel Woźniak / Language(s): English / Issue: 63/2020

The author of the paper demonstrates that in order to overcome contemporary developmentalthreats, it is necessary to shift towards a new model of the knowledge-based economy. The features of this model are compared with both the American model of the innovation-driven economyand the European model of the knowledge-based economy. Against this specific background, thedrawbacks are presented of reforms carried out in the knowledge sector in Poland since 1990.The focus is placed on an analysis of the reforms in science and higher education implemented inPoland since late 2018. Despite the fact that it was based on recommendations of the new publicmanagement system, the author considers not only the strengths but also the weaknesses of theapproach, and the fact that the latter may prove to be an obstacle in the modernisation of humancapital, which is to effectively harmonise development goals in all spheres of human existenceand activity. The author calls for the following solutions to limit the drawbacks referred to above: inviting an observer to the University Council in an advisory capacity, launching a path ofindividual-oriented interdisciplinary research grants, introducing a reliable process for the university and its organisational units to account for the actual implementation of previously declaredprogrammes of scientific development, student teaching and transference of own achievements,mandating and standardisation of student appraisals in teaching programmes, development ofa criterion matrix as a reference for promotions related to teaching achievements, enhancing thestatus of awards for teaching excellence, with obligatory and permanent monitoring of management procedures at universities in order to reduce bureaucracy.

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A nyugdíjrendszer reformja Romániában

Author(s): Magdolna Vallasek / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1-2/2006

The study is an analysis of the reform of the pension system in Romania.

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A Phenomenological Study of Employee Perceptions of Managerial Behaviors as Personal Enactments of Organizational Culture

Author(s): Joanna Małgorzata Michalak,Robert J. Ristino / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2013

Using a phenomenological methodology, this research study examines the phenomenon of organizational culture through the perceptions of those who experience it. Rather than studying how organizational culture affects organizational behavior and success, the researchers focus on employee perceptions of culture as a consequence of experiences with managerial behaviors as personal enactments of culture. The notion of personal enactments is drawn from the work of Edgar Schein. Schein [1985] has identified three levels of organizational culture: artifacts, values and beliefs. Among artifacts, Schein identifies the personal enactments of organizational values by senior managers as one of the more important. The researchers derived the data describing these personal enactments from 20 volunteer subjects reporting in self-administered questionnaires their experiences with managerial behaviors. Respondent perceptions are described in their own words, conveying their understandings, feelings, emotions and behaviors. Responses are categorized into units of relevant meaning, organized into clusters of similar meaning and then into themes. From these themes the researchers draw some insights and understanding of how system actors both live and experience culture in an organizational setting.

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