"RASTOČA STANOVANJSKA NESKLADJA" - MED CITATI, INTERPRETACIJAMI IN OPOMBAMI POD ČRTO

Author(s): Srna Mandić / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 17-18/1994

Pričujoče besedilo je komentar k navedbi v članku B. Verlič Deklevove Urban Mobility and Housing Shortages: The Case of Slovenia (Družboslovne razprave št. 15-16). Tu je pri podatkih, ki dokazujejo "rastoča stanovanjska neskladja”, vir Kraigher, Mandič, SNP, 1991 nekorektno naveden: avtorica namreč ni označila, kaj je iz vira povzeto, kaj pa je njena izvirna - po mojem mnenju zelo sporna - ocena. Natančneje: Tabela 7 (str. 124) prinaša podatek, da je leta 1991 v ‘‘prevelikem stanovanju (nad standardi)" živelo 54% slovenske populacije. Kot vir, iz katerega so podatki “izbrani in sestavljeni”, je poleg vira Blejec (1984) naveden tudi omenjeni vir. To pa ne drži, saj ni omenjal “prevelikega stanovanja", ampak je uporabljal izraz “presega vrednost družbenega dogovora".

"Лошите кредити": институционални и финансови аспекти, 1994

Author(s): Christina Vutcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.

(Post)socialističtí ekonomové jako objekt historického zkoumání

Současný stav bádání a perspektivy

Author(s): Václav Rameš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2017

The article examines the current state of research in the field of the history of economic sciences and activities of Czechoslovak economists in the era of socialism. It provides an overview of basic contributions, both domestic and foreign, on this topic since the 1990s, examining works of Johanna Bockman, Jiří Suk and Gil Eyal in a greater detail. It also mentions the latest research projects concerning this topic. In the end, the author offers a list of available sources (archival documents and published memoirs) which can be used in future research.

A Binary Logistic Regression Model for Support Decision Making in Criminal Justice

Author(s): Kateryna Berezka,Olha Kovalchuk,Serhiy V. Banakh,Stanislav V. Zlyvko,Roksolana Hrechaniuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Research background: The economics of incarceration is having an increasing impact on the economies of the world due to the rapid growth in the number of prisoners in the world The search for effective solutions that can help reduce government spending on prisoners in penitentiaries and at the same time ensure the safety of society is becoming increasingly important. These studies used the method of binary logistic regression to predict the probability of convicted criminal recidivism in the future. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to build an effective forecasting model that, based on the statistical and dynamic data of convicts, will provide information for optimal post-trial decisions, such as the grounds for possible parole, probation or length of sentence. Research methodology: The data were collected on the basis of statistical data of 13,010 convicts serving sentences in penitentiary institutions in Ukraine. To predict the probability of convicts committing criminal offenses binary logistic regression and ROC-analysis (Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis) were used . Results: A qualitative binary logistic regression model has been constructed, with the help of which it is possible to predict the probability of criminal recidivism by each of the convicts on the basis of its individual values of the variables included in the model. Novelty: For the first time in Ukraine, a model has been developed to predict the probability of convicts committing repeated criminal offenses.

A composite indicator for economic integration maturity: the case of Western Balkan countries

Author(s): Viktória Endrődi-Kovács,Oleg TANKOVSKY / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Montenegro and Serbia are on track to join the EU, followed by other Western Balkan countries. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate these countries' economic integration maturity. The analysis covers the period between 2006 and 2019. The main questions concern the evolution of Western Balkan countries during the last 15 years, the results that have already been achieved, and the weakest points of their potential accession. The paper suggests that, although these countries are about to fulfil the economic criteria, they are not fully prepared to join the EU from an economic perspective as they face significant challenges in terms of integration maturity. To endorse this suggestion, the paper forms a new composite indicator to provide a comprehensive understanding of the recent development of these countries' functioning market economy, competitiveness, macroeconomic stability, convergence, and financing ability. Results can contribute to the integration theory and enlargement decision-making.

A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION AND COROLLARIES OF BULLYING AT WORK

Author(s): Tinuke M. Fapohunda,Felicia Omotayo Soares / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Workplace bullying is a phenomenon that affects employee performance and productivity. Its non-illegal status makes it easy to go unnoticed and is becoming an issue for HR managers and other actors in the employment relations. This paper examines workplace bullying to determine its types, features, prevalence in the Nigerian work environment and its effect both on the employees and on the organisation. 200 participants were selected from different departments of a Lagos area office of a federal organisation. Three hypotheses were tested. There was significant relationship between workplace bullying and staff performance. It was also discovered that there was a relationship between gender and the exposure to verbal abuse and there was a relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction.

A conceptual model of consumer intention to continue buying eco-labeled products

Author(s): Alexandra Perju-Mitran,Elisabeta Andreea Budacia,Lucian Constantin Gabriel Budacia,Marian-Florin Busuioc / Language(s): English Issue: 60/2022

The study of eco-labeled product purchasing behavior usually starts from a multidisciplinary set of fundamental theories and models depending on the approach towards the ecological behavior of the consumer. The proposed conceptual model is based on quantitative research on the intention of consumers to continue to buy eco-labeled goods for personal use. The model is analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, based on variance analysis, on a sample of 587 respondents. The analysis process consisted of two distinct stages, evaluating the accuracy of measurements, and testing the hypotheses. The conformity of the model was validated by studying its specific indicators. The 17 study hypotheses were tested by path coefficient analysis within the structural model, as well as the postulated moderating effect. Based on the conformity indices obtained, the model has good predictive and explanatory capacity. The only hypothesis refuted is the relationship between consumers’ perception of personal effectiveness and their intention to continue buying eco-labeled products. This relationship was not verified at the chosen significance threshold of .01. By analyzing the indirect and total effects, we demonstrated the existence of certain beliefs that directly influence consumers’ intention to continue buying eco-labeled products. The influence is also indirect through other variables such as perceived trust and perceived usefulness. The existence of a statistically significant effect from variables on an indirect path (expectations confirmation, ease of use of the ecolabel in purchasing eco-products) was also demonstrated. The explanatory and predictive capacity of the intention to continue buying eco-labeled products was increased by validating the proposed model.

A contested foundation of European integration: The free movement of labour

Author(s): Beáta Farkas,Andor Máté,Tamás Rácz / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Since the eastern enlargement of the European Union (EU), the movement from east to west has become the main driver of intra-EU mobility. Recently, the free movement of labour has been contested not only in the debates around Brexit, but also in other receiving countries. It is not on the political agenda, but several studies have highlighted the economic and demographic effects of massive emigration in eastern EU Member States. More recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the functioning of free movement. Economic integration theory assumes that migration continues until wages are equalized in the receiving and sending countries. This paper analyses the perception of intra-EU mobility in the literature and empirically tests whether there is a relationship between the dynamism of income growth in the receiving (Germany, Austria and Spain) and sending (Central and Eastern European) countries, and the dynamism of migration. The empirical results do not support the neoclassical assumption that an equalization mechanism can function, even in the long run. To cope with recent challenges, this paper argues that free movement should not be considered as an element of a spontaneous market mechanism, but as an economic-political product, based on a constitutional order.

A Criminological Analysis of Trans-Border Crimes of Illela-Birnin Konni Corridor

Author(s): Ishaq Karofi USMAN / Language(s): English Issue: 24/2022

The paper explores the causes and effects of trans-border crime on two border communities: Illela and Birnin Konni border towns. The persistence and consistency of trans-border crime issue inspired the desire to carry out a study from which this paper emanates. The strain/ anomy theory and differential association theories were used as guides to the problem examined in the paper. Snowball and purposive or judgmental sampling procedures were adopted and a sample size of 271 respondents was chosen. This figure was arrived using Raosoft 2004 sample size of calculator by using 5% marginal error, 90% confidential level and 50% respondent distribution. Mixed methods of qualitative and quantitative were adopted. While questionnaire was designed and administered to designated respondents for the qualitative method, interview sessions were conducted with one each selected staff from the Customs, Immigration, Police Force, NDLEA and Civil Defense. There was 57.6 % response rate as 156 respondents out of 271 returned the questionnaire given to them and three (3) key informants were interviewed. The paper found smuggling of petroleum products as the major (89%) trans-border crime with poverty as the leading cause of transborder crime as indicated by (38.3%) of the respondents. The paper then recommends that parent should instill discipline on their wards/children and proper socialization to avoid peer group influence on their children.

A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF JANISSARY SOCIO-ECONOMIC PRESENCE IN ALEPPO (1700-1760S)

Author(s): Yahya Araz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Focusing on the Janissaries, and covering a period between the early eighteenth century and the 1760s, this study draws on preliminary findings from the Aleppo court records in order to highlight their roles in that city’s socio-economic life. Most of the Janissaries of Aleppo and their families came to the city from the surrounding countryside; they tried to survive and earned their livelihood as ordinary townsmen, a process that signaled their integration into the urban fabric. This process manifested itself in their relations with other social groups, their conglomeration in specific quarters, and their increasing capacity to diffuse into other areas and expand their economic activities. This expansion, however, resulted in a conflict between their interests and those of the eşraf/ashraf, who consisted of members of established merchant families, religious dignitaries, and other people who claimed to be descendants of the Prophet. The competing interests of the two groups, especially after the 1760s, were destined to reshape the role of the Janissaries in Aleppo as well as their interactions with other social groups. These confrontations also strengthened the solidarity and esprit de corps among the Janissaries, who had until then preferred to distinguish themselves by their ethnic, tribal, and country-based affiliations

A look at the city of Fortaleza from the perspective of NBR ISO 37120:2017

Author(s): Francisco DE ASSIS SOUZA ALEXANDRE,Maria Elisa MARCIANO MARTINEZ,Marcello CARVALHO DOS REIS,Patrícia CARVALHO DOS REIS,Auzuir RIPARDO DE ALEXANDRIA / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

This article presents, for the city of Fortaleza, the result of the indicators of five of the seventeen sections of the standard NBR ISO 37120:2017 - “Sustainable Development of Communities - Indicators for urban services and quality of life" which establishes an international standard of key indicators and encourages communities to become more proactive, ensuring that stakeholders develop and implement a management system suited to the needs of each region. This standard, launched in 2014, defines the methodology for a set of 100 indicators, divided into 17 sections, which address social, environmental and economic aspects of cities. The five sections chosen for this work were: education, health, security, shelter and transport, since they are key areas for the development of any city. Fortaleza's results, in each of these sections, are discussed and compared with those of 58 other cities available through the World Council on City Data (WCCD) database. It is, therefore, an unprecedented study, since there is no related work in the literature for the chosen city. As a result, it can be seen that, of the 31 indicators evaluated in this work, Fortaleza was below the average of the cities certified by the WCCD in 19 indicators, above the average in 7 indicators and it was not possible to calculate another 5 indicators. It is also evident that in all the sections studied there are critical points that must be evaluated by the public power for the treatment and consequent improvement of urban services and quality of life of the population of Fortaleza.

A művészet eltagadott gazdaságának feminista megközelítése

Author(s): Katja Praznik / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 30/2022

Autonomy has historically been a gendered notion, a defining feature of masculinity as opposed to the relational otherness and dependency that has characterized dominant representations of femininity. It therefore follows that the notion of artistic labour, which as we saw in chapter 1, is rooted in the idea of art’s autonomy, would also be a gendered concept. This convergence of labour and gender calls, I argue, for an approach that is informed both by labour theory of value and a feminist epistemology to unpack the implications of autonomy of art. In this chapter, I therefore employ a feminist epistemology about the gendered nature of (women’s) work as an element of my labour-focused analysis

A NEW CAREER PATH PROFILING SYSTEM USING DATA FUSION AND ESCO SERVICES APO

Author(s): Maria-Iuliana Dascălu,Ioana-Antonia Nanău,Iulia-Cristina Stănică,Elisabeth Lazarou,Constanţa-Nicoleta Bodea / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2021

The paper proposes a new system for career recommendations based on advanced analytics of users’ profile, extracted automatically from various data sources, the inference mechanism built in the European qualifications ontology ESCO and a complex technology stack. Besides students and high school pupils, the system will have several other stakeholders as well: career counselling centres from high-schools and universities, who will automate their services, higher education institution which will increase their graduation rate, government, which will not spend money on undecided students, companies which will have skilled and passionate employees. The system will exploit the latest technologies, e.g. semantic web, ontologies, social network connectors, and modern data analytics application programming interfaces. The system is especially good for engineering education, where the drop-out rate is higher than in other domains, because students choose this domain for its financial benefits and not because of their aptitudes. The intricacy of choosing a career path causes confusion, anxiety, lack of fulfilment within a study path or workplace, possibly leading to a lack of academic or job performance, motivation, and even studies abandonment. With the current Digital Era, the workforce demand is more dynamic than ever, and career possibilities exploded from formal employment options to freelancing and self-employment. Thus, students and young professionals construct their careers through a dynamic and multiplex process that allows for development and shifts, valuing both flexibility and a challenging environment, as well as stability and predictability. An automated guiding system as we proposed could support them continuously and provide them the help they need.

A NEW ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATIONS PROFILE FOR STARTING NEW BUSINESS BY USING A PANEL DATA ANALYSIS

Author(s): Ane-Mari Androniceanu,Irina Georgescu,Jani Kinnunen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper is based on research that identified and analyzed the effects of the variable context of the period 2011-2019 on the entrepreneur’s businesses from 16 states. The database used in this research has been selected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. The data were obtained based on surveys involving adult entrepreneurs. The aim of the research was to identify the characteristics and motivations of entrepreneurs in selected states to start new businesses. The data set includes variables that reflect the entrepreneurial intentions of individuals, their abilities, opportunities, and risks depending on gender. The research was conducted using random and fixed effects models. Within the research methodology, the final analysis model selected explains 95% (R2) of the variation of TEA (total early-stage entrepreneurial activity). The research results show a high degree of heterogeneity in the profile of entrepreneurs.. Research has shown that fear of failure has positive effects on TEA. During the research, we tested the predictive power of the fixed effects model, and the results showed that it is very accurate. The results of our research contribute to shaping a well-defined profile of the entrepreneur’s behavior from different states.

A new institutional approach to the study of the Soviet-type economy

Author(s): Tamara Todorova,Aleksandar Vasilev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper analyses the transaction cost of economizing and efficiency-enhancing effects of the Soviet-type economy. The last 30 years of transition have seen the failure of market reforms in many industries in what are traditionally non-market economies. We argue that centralized, command-and-control systems are wealth maximizing in the conditions of persistent transactional and behavioural failures. With its centralism, strict hierarchy, and monopoly over information, the Soviet-type economy was able to produce significant output. We emphasize the role of centralism in coordinating economic activities, curbing opportunism, and facilitating information flow. In highly opportunistic societies where the transaction costs of market operation are significant, centralized systems are more efficient than decentralized, democratic systems based on free-market rules.

A new way of doing business during the COVID-19 pandemic: An example of the DACUM analysis

Author(s): Fulya Almaz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study aims to analyze the way of doing business caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in an educational organization that trains Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pilots using DACUM (Developing A CurriculUM) analysis. A focus group was adopted as the data collection method. As a result of this empirical study, the duties, tasks, knowledge, skills, and behaviors expected from the team were determined, including the equipment needed for the continuity of the team’s activities. This empirical study provides theoretical and practical contributions to the literature on the analysis of business processes, the elaboration of DACUM analysis as a business analysis method, and the determination of how the COVID-19 has changed the way an organization does business.

A nonlinear model for evaluating the impact of internally displaced persons dynamics on the level of regional socio-economic development

Author(s): Inna Arakelova / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2018

The consequence of the military aggression of the Russian Federation is the loss of control over part of the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions in Eastern Ukraine and the annexation of the Crimean peninsula. The events are accompanied by the objective processes of migration of persons who were forced to leave their permanent residence and move to other regions of Ukraine or abroad. As a result, a new category of citizens who are the internally displaced persons (IDPs) has arrived in the country counting for millions of people. In such circumstances, the study of the interdependence between gross regional product (GRP) and the IDP migration is topical and reflects the ongoing social and economic processes in a big European country. As a result of the study, a two-layer neural network with an error back-propagation model that simulates the nonlinear impact of the number of internally displaced persons on the dynamics of gross regional product has been constructed. According to the number of IDPs, regions such as Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia and Kyiv, including Kyiv city, are among the first ten regions of Ukraine. Based on the data from the abovementioned regions, we have formed a statistical sampling in order to formulate and test the prospective economic and mathematical model. The study of mutual correlation function graphs by regions has allowed justifying the value of the time lag, which shifts an array of explanatory variables along the time axis, on average, into nine periods (three quarters). According to the results, only for Kharkiv, Donetsk, Luhansk, Zaporizhzhia and Kyiv regions, there is a significant correlation between the studied indicators. This conclusion is substantiated in view of the fact that the number of IDPs, in the structure of which only about 23% represents the working age population, impacts the size of the gross product growth in the regions. The abovementioned regions account for 75% of the total number of internally displaced persons. The estimation of the forecast reliability, based on the 2017 data for Dnipropetrovsk region, points to the high accuracy of the developed model. The author of the article has identified specific features that accompany the processes of internal migration of the able-bodied population. In particular, based on the correlation function, the value of the time lag, which is shifted by the effect of IDP movement into a separate region, has been substantiated. The author has developed a neural network which establishes nonlinear regression dependence between the number if IDPs and the dynamics of GRP with high reliability.

A qualitative study of UNHCR’s employment and professional development programmes for refugees

Author(s): Péter Karácsony,Sara Shaltout / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of this study was to review literature on career management for refugees and identify the challenges refugees face in terms of crafting a successful career. The paper further examined career management and professional development programmes UNHCR offers to refugees to make recommendations to improve them in alignment with organizational and refugees’ needs. Semi-structured interviews were used in the qualitative research, the study population consisted of 18 individuals. Key findings suggest that UNHCR’s employment and education programmes are in high demand among the refugee community and they contribute to personal development and capacity building. However, by improving them and providing additional opportunities, the organization could make even better use of refugees’ skills and develop them to ensure their career growth. Moreover, the UN Refugee agency should serve as a good example for companies and organizations in employing and training forcibly displaced people.

A study of semiology and socio-economic factors in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India

Author(s): Rajalaxmi Satapathy,Pitamber Behuria / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is a non-epileptic event which needs to be differentiated from epileptic seizures and poses a diagnostic challenge. It has psychological etiology without any associated abnormal electrical discharges in the brain. We have tried to explain in detail the semiology and socioeconomic factors of patients presenting with the diagnosis of PNES to our hospital so that it will help in early diagnosis and prevent unnecessary antiepileptics use. This is a retrospective study. We have included all patients admitted to the Neurology Department of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) during 2020-2021 and discharged with a diagnosis of PNES. Those having associated epileptic events were excluded from the study. All events were categorized as hypermotor, hypomotor and sensory symptoms as per the patient’s presentation as there is no universal classification system for PNES. A total of 50 patients were included in the study. Of them 70% had PNES of hypermotor and 30% of hypomotor type. The mean number of events in the hypomotor group was significantly higher than that in the hypermotor group. The hypomotor variety was found predominantly in females and hypermotor in males. Overall, 10% of the patients had a history of epilepsy in one of the family members. A total of 74% patients had associated anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder. Hypermotor events were more common than hypomotor events. Hypomotor events were found mostly in females. Most of the patients had pre-existing anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder as underlying risk factors.

A unified methodology in the application of the comparative approach

the necessity of buildings valuations in Albania

Author(s): Elfrida SHEHU / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

As real estate is one of the most valuable assets of any state and any individual, the valuation process takes on a special significance. Valuations are required of different interests in different types of property for different purposes. Among the methods used to determine the value of a property, the simplest and most direct method of valuation is direct comparison. The method is based on comparing the property to be valued with similar properties and the prices achieved for them, and allowing for differences between them to determine the market value. The art of the comparison method is the discovery of relevant data and the subsequent analysis. Comparison can be defined as ‘the act of comparing’ and to compare as “to examine in order to observe resemblances or differences”. As property is unique, no two are truly the same, the problem lies in the adjustment to be made to the comparable to fit the property being valued.Are known and accepted (within certain limits) the differences in the values reported by different appraisers for the same property and for the same purpose of valuation , but daily contacts with appraisers and appraisals prove that there are significant differences in the reported values. These changes are not simply the result of judgments of different appraisers, but mainly the result of changes in the methodologies used for evaluation.In this perspective the paper proposes the use of a unified methodology in the application of the direct comparison method in order to narrow such differences. The study includes residential and commercial buildings in the Tirana City.