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"RASTOČA STANOVANJSKA NESKLADJA" - MED CITATI, INTERPRETACIJAMI IN OPOMBAMI POD ČRTO

Author(s): Srna Mandić / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 17-18/1994

Pričujoče besedilo je komentar k navedbi v članku B. Verlič Deklevove Urban Mobility and Housing Shortages: The Case of Slovenia (Družboslovne razprave št. 15-16). Tu je pri podatkih, ki dokazujejo "rastoča stanovanjska neskladja”, vir Kraigher, Mandič, SNP, 1991 nekorektno naveden: avtorica namreč ni označila, kaj je iz vira povzeto, kaj pa je njena izvirna - po mojem mnenju zelo sporna - ocena. Natančneje: Tabela 7 (str. 124) prinaša podatek, da je leta 1991 v ‘‘prevelikem stanovanju (nad standardi)" živelo 54% slovenske populacije. Kot vir, iz katerega so podatki “izbrani in sestavljeni”, je poleg vira Blejec (1984) naveden tudi omenjeni vir. To pa ne drži, saj ni omenjal “prevelikega stanovanja", ampak je uporabljal izraz “presega vrednost družbenega dogovora".

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"Лошите кредити": институционални и финансови аспекти, 1994

Author(s): Christina Vutcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 1994

Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.

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#50 Trends and Gaps in the Academic Literature on EU Labour Migration Policies

Author(s): Marie De Somer / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2012

This paper provides an overview of the ‘state of the art’ in the academic literature on EU labour migration policies. It forms part of the research agenda of Work Package 18 of the NEUJOBS project, which aims at reviewing legislation and practices regarding the labour market inclusionand protection of rights of different categories of foreign workers in European labour markets. Accordingly, particular attention is paid to the works of scholars who evaluate the status of rights of third-country national workers in relation to labour market access, employment security, social integration, etc., in European legislation on labour immigration. More specifically, the review has selected those scholarly works that focus specifically on analysingthe manner in which policy-makers have addressed the granting of rights to non-EU migrant workers, and the manner in which policy agendas – through the relevant political and institutional dynamics – have found their translation in the legislation adopted.

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#60 Why come here if I can go there? Assessing the ‘Attractiveness’ of the EU’s Blue Card Directive for ‘Highly Qualified’ Immigrants

Author(s): Katharina Eisele / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2013

This paper analyses the attractiveness of the EU’s Blue Card Directive – the flagship of the EU’s labour immigration policy – for so-called ‘highly qualified’ immigrant workers from outside the EU. For this purpose, the paper deconstructs the understanding of ‘attractiveness’ in the Blue Card Directive as shaped by the various EU decision-making actors during the legislative process. It is argued that the Blue Card Directive sets forth minimum standards providing for a common floor –not a common ceiling: the Directive did not, as originally envisaged by the European Commission, create one European highly skilled admission scheme. This raises questions regarding its concreteuse. A critical focus is placed on the personal scope of the Blue Card Directive and the level of rights offered, and a first comparative perspective on the implementation of the Directive in five member states is provided.

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#67 The US Labour Immigration Scheme – All about being attractive? EU Perceptions and Stakeholders’ Perspectives Reviewed

Author(s): Katharina Eisele / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2014

Labour immigration schemes that effectively attract qualified immigrant workers are a policy priority for many governments. But what are ‘attractive’ labour immigration schemes and policies? To whom are (or should) such policies (be) attractive? In Europe, the US is often portrayed as one of the most ‘attractive’ countries of immigration – if not the most ‘attractive’. This paper aims to analyse and provide a better understanding of the elements of the US immigration system that are supposedly attractive to foreign workers, by examining key features of the current and prospective US labour immigration rules. The paper finds that ‘attractiveness’ in this policy context is a highly malleable and flexible concept: What might be ‘attractive’ to one key stakeholder might not be to another.

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(049) THE LONG SHADOW OF ORDOLIBERALISM: GERMANY’S APPROACH TO THE EURO CRISIS

Author(s): Sebastian Dullien,Ulrike Guerot / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2012

The new treaty agreed by European leaders in January reflects Germany’s distinctive approach to the euro crisis rather than collective compromise. Much to the frustration of many other eurozone count-ries, Germany has imposed its own approach – centred on austerity and price stability at the expense of economic growth – on others without considering whether the institutional flaws of monetary union beyond a lack of fiscal control may be the cause of some of the distortions and problems that the cur-rent euro crisis has exposed or whether its approach could have a negative impact on other eurozone countries. German economic orthodoxy has been widely criticised elsewhere in Europe. This brief explores the historical and ideological foundations of German economic thinking and discusses how it differs from mainstream international economic discourse. It argues that there is more to Germany’s distinctive approach to the euro crisis than the much-discussed historical experience of the hyperinflati-on in the Weimar Republic on the one hand and simple national interest on the other. Rather, there is an ideological edifice behind German economic orthodoxy with which Germany’s partners must enga-ge. While a change in the government after the next general election, in 2013, would lead to a change in German economic policy, it is unlikely to dramatically change the country’s approach to the euro crisis.

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(Im)mobility Subcontracted: Nesting Hierarchies, Uneven Distributions and the ‘Roma Inclusion’ Projects in Europe

Author(s): Jan Grill / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

This paper explores social mobilities and trajectories in relation to particular mechanisms of subcontracting and of unequal distribution of capitals in the emerging field of EU funded projects for poor and socially excluded populations in Europe. It discusses some of the struggles for possible mobilities and its limits amidst continuing production and reproduction of privileges, disadvantages and structural orders in these project-cum-policy worlds constraints. By examining a particular case of a large-scale and multi-sited project and other similar project schemes, described by some of its proponents as one of the most ‘participatory’ projects for Roma in Europe, the article illustrates particular mechanisms of power and knowledge reproduction that facilitates some kinds of mobilities while also reproducing certain constraints and limits on these possibilities (for some subjects and some social trajectories). It develops an ethnographic critique of situated and nesting hierarchies of management and brokerage leading to reproduction of particular setups, privileges, unequal economic distribution and (mis)recognitions of capitals, which allows for particular emergence of particular kinds of contested ‘expertise’ in the uneven field of so-called ‘Roma inclusion’.

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(Ne)podmíněné sociální dávky prizmatem sociálních modelů

Author(s): Jaroslav Vostatek / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2021

Citizens' initiatives aimed at the introduction of an unconditional basic income comprise a stimulus for a review of the various social systems. Studies by Sapir and his supporters have provided findings which can be summarised in terms of the typology of welfare regimes based on two criteria: efficiency and equity. Similarly, the well-established welfare regimes of (in particular) Esping-Andersen are also significant with respect to social policy. These typologies include a wide range of social security benefits, of which the UBI construct highlights universal monetary benefits as the antithesis of conditional benefits, e.g. social assistance or unemployment benefits. Our paper aims to determine potential leeway for the UBI construct in general and, particularly, in Czechia. Our comparative analysis concentrates on the components of the social systems of Great Britain, Switzerland, Germany, the USA, Finland and Czechia. The comprehensibility and efficiency of the Czech social system requires the division of the Czech „pension insurance“ system into a higher universal pension and a lower earnings-related pension and, conversely, the merger of the child tax credit and the tested child benefit to form a universal child benefit. Neither workers nor the unemployed require a universal benefit.

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11 Eylül Saldırıları ve 2008 Ekonomik Krizi Örnekleri Üzerinden Terör ve Ekonomik Kriz Olgularının Yumuşak Güç Unsuru Olarak Turizme Etkileri

Author(s): Çiğdem MUTLU,Zafer AKBAŞ / Language(s): Turkish,English / Issue: 2/2021

Tourism having characteristics of flexibility, heterogeneity is a fragile industry. For this reason, it is affected by any positive or negative incident happening all over the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of this fragile tourism industry with economic crisis and terror attacks through the examples of the September 11, 2001, attacks and 2008 Global Economic Crisis.In this study where qualitative research method used, frequency analysis method among content analysis methods have been applied. Target population of the study is composed of academicians who have the command and responsiveness of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and the2008 Economic Crisis, and those who have opinions and information about these phenomena and are currently managing tourism businesses. The sample magnitude of this study has been formed by using maximum sample survey strategy and interviewing 30 participants. As a result of the study, it has been determined that terrorism and economic crises affect the tourism industry and their effect levels change according to the scale of the events.

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2020: Das schwierige Covid-19-Jahr auf dem Westbalkan. Eine erste Bilanz der sozio-ökonomischen und gesellschaftspolitischen Entwicklungen und Trends

Author(s): Vedran Džihić / Language(s): German / Issue: 6/2020

The Covid-19 pandemic shaped 2020 in the Western Balkans. It exacerbated all structural problems and dilemmas that were already visible in the region. The very sharp increase in the number of infections in autumn and winter 2020/21deepens the crisis even further. Regardless of the further course of the pandemic and the speed of the vaccination roll-out, 2021 will be overshadowed by its structural consequences. The negative socio-economic development of 2020 will deepen and most probably continue to negatively affect the state of democracy in the region.The article focuses on current political and social changes in the Covid-19 year2020, incl. phenomena such as political exploitation of the crisis, elections and its effects, spreading conspiracy theories or political alternatives to the status quo.

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A Comparative Study of the Power of Parametric and Permutation Tests for a Multidimensional Two-sample Location Problem

Author(s): Dominika Polko-Zając / Language(s): English / Issue: 23/2020

Objective: A comparison of multidimensional populations is a very interesting and common statistical problem. It most often involves verifying a hypothesis about the equality of mean vectors in two populations. The classical test for verification of this hypothesis is the Hotelling’s T2 test. Another solution is to use simulation and randomization methods to test the significance of differences between the studied populations. Permutation tests are to enable statistical inference in situations where it is not possible to use classical parametric tests. These tests are supposed to provide comparable power to parametric tests with a simultaneous reduction of assumptions, e.g. regarding the sample size taken or the distribution of the tested variable in the population. The purpose of this study is a comparative analysis of the parametric test, the (usual) permutation test, and the nonparametric permutation procedure using two-stage ASL determination. Research Design & Methods: The study considered the analysis of multivariate data. The paper presents theoretical considerations and refers to the Monte Carlo simulation. Findings: The article presents a permutational, complex procedure for assessing the overall ASL (achieved significance level) value. The applied nonparametric statistical inference procedure uses combining functions. A simulation study was carried out to determine the size and power of the test under normality. A Monte Carlo simulation made it possible to compare the empirical power of this test with that of Hotelling’s T2 test. The most powerful test was the permutation test based on a two-stage ASL determination method using the Fisher combining function. Implications/Recommendations: The advantage of the proposed method is that it can be used even when samples are taken from any type of continuous distributions in a population. Contribution: The proposed test can be used in the analysis of multidimensional economic phenomena.

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A Critique of Alexander Samoilovich (1880– 1938) and the Process of an “Imperial Visitor’s” Evolution

Author(s): Anton Ikhsanov / Language(s): English / Issue: 40/2020

The modern epoch is connected to the increased pace of intercultural interaction. In numerous spheres of human activity, the communication field between representatives of different cultures has become a part of everyday life. The necessity to provide an academic study of this phenomenon has led to the emergence of a specific branch of science titled “intercultural communication” and has changed the direction of anthropological studies, the methodology of history, and sociology. However, the basis for this change of approach was not only a “cultural turn” and an attempt to enrich the “toolkit” by the newest methods of social sciences. One of the foundations for this shift to a new field of studies was self-reflection by historians and anthropologists. According to Maria Todorova, the ability to acknowledge the possibility of a scholar’s self-transformation by contact with the Other (and the dual nature of this process) is an ultimate indicator of this development by any branch of science. Asian and African studies are not exceptions.

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A Cross Sectional Analysis of Tourism Development and Social Development

Author(s): Tauseef AMAN,Mussawar SHAH,Humera JAMAL,Younas KHAN / Language(s): English / Issue: 02(50)/2021

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral, tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well.

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A gazdálkodók boldogulásának mintái az 1970-es években és az 1990-es évek válsága. Esélyek és kockázatok

Author(s): Pál Juhász / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 81/2020

Due to the rapid technological changes in agriculture in the 1970s, and parallel to the systematization of the so-called ‘second economy’, cooperative members who strove for more intensive individual or family production introduced significant development schemes embracing new tools and plant species. They not only acquired new technological know-how, but realigned their professional networks as well, since the state companies operating in the Socialist planned economy were no longer able to provide the new equipment and services necessary for their plans. Understanding the significance of learning and networking had been part of the agricultural production of the peasantry who had to navigate increasingly multifarious networks throughout the twentieth century. In the new circumstances, the forms of cooperation transgressed new social limitations. Entrepreneurs specializing in one type of activity had barely any connection with stakeholders in other lines of business, but their connections began to go beyond the boundaries of their own village. The rapid growth of production in both large-scale farming and small enterprises was facilitated not only by the significant demand generated by the slower pace of agricultural development in the member states of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA), but also by the fact that the Hungarian government was forced to support export in order to generate revenues in hard currency. This fostered an environment where even those areas could grow which were otherwise not competitive on the market. The change of regime and the dissolution of the CMEA opened the Hungarian economy. Suppliers who failed to keep up with the demands of the food industry and export agencies at a fast enough pace could no longer sell their produce. The failures and mistrust atrophied or shrank the networks that kept the ‘second economy’ alive. Despite the series of governments’ efforts to idealize and subsidize them, the production of small-scale agricultural enterprises plummeted. Part of the problem was that the new laws were not adjusted to the agricultural conditions and hampered sustainable estate development.

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A gentle sceptic: Martin Feldstein and the euro

Author(s): Radu ȘIMANDAN / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

This article traces the complex path that Martin Feldstein followed, for more than twenty years, in his principled critique of the European common currency project. Involved in the debate on the euro from its early stages to the tumultuous times of the sovereign debt crisis and the resulting recession, author of numerous articles in the academic and popular press, drawing his arguments from economics and political economy, he contributed to the development of an American vision on monetary unification in the EU. Studying this extended body of literature proves to be an interesting way to explore the sinuous discussion on the euro from the theoretical, applied and public-debate perspectives.

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A hagyományos és a gazdasági diaszpóra magyarságképe

Author(s): Róbert Gyula Dudás / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2021

Today, there are about 15 million people in the world who consider themselves Hungarian. One third of these people experience their Hungarianness outside the Trianon borders. Academic literature divides Hungarians living outside the country into two large groups, the native and the migrant diaspora. In my paper, I examine whether this division is tenable after the accession of Hungary and, with the exception of Ukraine and Serbia, the neighbouring countries to the European Union and the opportunities provided by the open labour market, or whether it is necessary to introduce a third diaspora group. I specifically examined the attitude of the members of the two groups to the Hungariannes, the nation, the citizenship, the local Hungarian community and the ecclesial communities, and I call on the readers and decision-makers to think together about what can be done for the preservation of the declining Hungarian diaspora.

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A Painful Shift in Bulgarian Anti-Corruption Policies and Practice

Author(s): Specified No Author / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2006

The most important shift in Bulgaria’s anti-corruption policies in recent months is the move from “soft” (awareness-raising) campaigns to “hard” (prevention and sanctions oriented) measures with immediate anti-corruption effects. Taken together these recent developments create a tipping point for countering political corruption, a critical mass of action to guarantee that Bulgaria moves to a new equilibrium of lower political and administrative corruption. The latest CSD Brief points out that more pressure and support both from EU partners and from the Bulgarian civil society and mass media would be needed for the country to move more quickly to this new equilibrium. Bulgaria still needs to address several outstanding challenges to complement its initial steps against political corruption: • coordination of anti-corruption measures; • pro-active generation of anti-corruption policies; • decrease the corruption vulnerability of public procurement by ensuring transparency and accountability; • reducing channels for political payback and corruption; • public-private partnerships; • reducing VAT fraud; • more efforts in the administrative domain, including government’s commitment to independent oversight of its anti-corruption actions; • measuring the impact on the level of corruption of all anti-corruption programs implemented in the country.

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A security-oriented corporate culture of an organization in a pandemic. A case study of WSB in Wrocław

Author(s): Robert Majkut,Radosław Rybczyński / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Aim: The paper aims to illustrate the importance of organizational culture in supporting security in an organization, on the example of a non-public higher education institution in Poland during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Organization. Design/ Research methods: The case study is presented in the context of theoretical reflections. the authors participated in the process of change during the pandemic, influencing the social norms shaping the culture of the organization for safety purposes in order to ensure the effective functioning of this entity under an epidemic risk. Findings: This article has cognitive value and contains a description of the implemented procedures determined, on the one hand, by the organizational culture and, on the other hand, causing significant changes in the organization. Contribution: Until recently, Management Science and Organization and Management Sociology did not deal with developing a security-oriented corporate culture of a particular entity in the context of the threat of an epidemic. The results may provide an example of good practice, and is the basis of future research on post-COVID security management.

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A Study on the Comprehensive Comparison between Indigenous Cattle Rustling and Modern Cattle Rustling in West Pokot County, Kenya

Author(s): Andrew Gitau Kimani,Casper Masiga / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2020

Evidence of change in cattle rustling practice among pastoralist communities worldwide has been noted with globalisation, education, and modernisation, among other factors. However, there is little known about transformation in men and women’s involvement in this practice in the wake of easy accessibility of small and light weapons (SALWs) and breakdown of the traditional leadership and control systems. This paper examined the transformation in cattle rustling practice among the Pokot community in West Pokot county. This study’s target population included adult residents of Pokot community, community elders, opinion leaders, political and administrative leaders, and local and international NGOs dealing with cattle rustling issues in West Pokot county. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 350 respondents. An unstructured questionnaire, a critical informant interview guide, a focus group discussion guide, and an observation guide were used to collect primary data. Qualitative data collected was analysed using patterns and critical themes of this particular objective. Quantitative data analysis was organised using the SPSS software version 2.0 and analysed using various descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that transformation in cattle rustling had seen a cultural activity for the young people to demonstrate their courage and wit and become a murderous criminal endeavour. The community no longer benefits from cattle rustling, but only a few are driven by greed to reap where they never sow. Illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, community conflicts, possession of firearms and insecurity were identified as the leading causes of cattle rustling. Access to formal education has seen many in the school-going age among the West Pokot get exposed to literacy, which has gradually recorded a positive transformation about its cattle rustling practices. Based on the findings, the paper makes the following recommendations to address the problem of cattle rustling among the people of West Pokot County: Enlightenment on contemporary ways of life; formal education among the Pokot to be advocated for; enhancing Security in West Pokot; opening a platform for peace talk and persuasions and operationalising the Eastern Africa Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (EAPCCO) protocol.

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Abordări ale EXCLUZIUNII SOCIALE în Republica Moldova. Aspecte metodologice şi analitice

Author(s): Maria Vremiş,Viorica Craievschi-Toartă,Anatolii Rojco,Diana Cheianu-Andrei / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 2010

Creating the conditions for improving the quality of life of the population by developing an economically competitive society, based on knowledge, capable of sustainable economic growth, jobs and high social cohesion is the fundamental objective of the National Development Strategy for 2008 -2011 (SND) of the Republic of Moldova. However, the problems of poverty continue to persist both nationally and globally, prompting experts in the field to investigate the causes and mechanisms that favor this condition in order to reduce the risks of social exclusion. // PUBLISHED BY UNDP (MOLDOVA), UNIFEM UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT FUND FOR WOMEN, NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS (MOLDOVA)

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