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The Case of ‘Trust’ — Research on Social Capital in V4 Countries

Author(s): Iveta Kovalčíková,Martin Lačný / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The purpose of this article is first to discuss the basic theoretical approaches used to interpret the concept of trust in the context of social capital and then to present the results of research conducted on trust. The analysis concentrates on elements related to trust in the literature, reflecting the methodological approaches for assessing and measuring trust. In theoretically conceptualising trust, we generally adopt Hardin’s explanations (1991, 2002a, 2002b, 2006), which are then used as an interpretational framework for our research results. The paper mainly analyses and interprets subjective conceptual mental maps of trust developed on the basis of associations obtained in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia using the Associative Group Analysis Technique. The participants were management and economics students and there were 100 of them in each country (50 female and 50 male; 50 from each capital — Prague, Budapest, Warsaw and Bratislava; 50 from a smaller town in each country — Ostrava, Szeged, Olsztyn and Prešov). Altogether 400 students in four countries completed the tasks. In this article, we mainly present the results relating to the Slovak section of the research sample.

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ВИЗУАЛЬНЫЕ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВА СОВЕТСКОГО ПРОШЛОГО: ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРАКТИК КОММЕМОРАЦИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОМ ГОРОДЕ

Author(s): S.I. Bykov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article covers the problem of disappearing and returning past on the example of tragic events of 1930s. Not only the names, but also the faces of people that had suffered from the unjust accusations and cruel sentences, being concealed for a long time by the regime, were opened only in the 1990s. Besides the memorial complex to the victims of political repressions placed the 12th kilometer of Moscow highway in Ekaterinburg, we have the State Archive of the Sverdlovsk region. The employees of the State Archive hold exhibitions allowing seeing the judicial and investigatory records carried out in 1930s. These visual documents give evidences of the absurd accusations (e. g., the record of teachers convicted for the damage of the portraits of Stalin and other Soviet leaders that were shot in unintentionally by pupils).

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Croatian Youth and Populism: A Mixed Methods Analysis of the Populism “Breeding Ground” among the Youth in the City of Zagreb

Author(s): Augustin Derado,Vanja Međugorac,Vanja Dergić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

A number of recent international studies have reported the growing electoral success of populist parties among younger age groups. In this study, authors analysed the “breeding ground” for populism among the youth in Zagreb using the results of the Memory, Youth, Political Legacy and Civic Engagement (MYPLACE) project in Croatia. A mixed methods approach was employed with thematic analysis of 61 semi-structured interviews and regression analysis on a survey sample data of 1,216 young people aged 16–25. Qualitative analysis indicated analogies to Cas Mudde’s three core concepts of populism (the “good people”, the “bad elite” and the “general will”) among interviewees’ opinions.In addition, common ideological features of populism (nationalism and radical egalitarianism) were to a degree present among the interviewees’ attitudes. In the quantitative part of this paper, the authors narrowed the analysis of populism to the radical right variant of populism, and – given the lack of prominent populist actors in Croatia – to support of ideas rather than political parties. The attitude towards a political system with a strong leader not constrained by parliament was chosen as the outcome since it holds significant populist potential in contemporary democracies. Analyses showed the connection of the anti-elite, anti-systemic attitudes – as well as authoritarianism and a few right-wing political attitudes –with the strong leader preference. Both qualitative and quantitative results of this study indicated that the “breeding ground” for populism exists among the youth in Zagreb. Additional research is required to further examine that complex and previously unexplored topic.

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W poszukiwaniu nowoczesności czyli Polska wyobrażona

Author(s): Agnieszka Haska,Jerzy Stachowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

Restoration of Poland’s sovereignty as the Second Polish Republic in 1918 was the beginning of the process of unifying three different regions, which had previously been part of different countries. The main idea was to build one and powerful country and gain respect (and fear) on the international level. This project of imagined future can best be seen in the interwar science -fiction literature, in which military power intertwines with technical advancement and colonial expansion. The article deals with the elements of this project – from visions of new borders, modern cities and new citizens, through wars (especially with the East) to colonial and space expansion.

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MİRZƏ FƏTƏLİ AXUNDOV, HEYDƏR HÜSEYNOVUN TƏDQİQİNDƏ

Author(s): Rəşad Əsgərov / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 18/2013

Mirza Fatali Akhundov whose 200 years anniversary celebrated this year attended philosophical, scientific view, aesthetic and aesthetic thoughts and philosophical thoughts about religion, women and men law equality, the alphabet reform and etc. have been investigated in the article. The acquaintance of Akhundov with the European enlightener”s works and his services in the development of enlightened philosophical Huseynov’s studying here. From the beginning Akhundov have dealed all the events which took place in the East world with Islam religion and with the moollah who are religion carriers and then he kept loyal attention to Islam and valued highly positive influence to welfare. Taking into account the realism in intellect theory Akhundov adopted the unity of feeling and rationality. In the conclusion of Heydar Huseynov’s investigation it especially is pointed out that Akhundov’s scientific heritage played especial role in the development of national culture of Azerbaijan and all eastern peoples.

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KURTLAR VADİSİ PUSU DİZİSİNDEKİ MURO KARAKTERİ ve AKP’NİN “KÜRT AÇILIMI”NDAKİ ROLÜ

Author(s): Taylan Maral / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2013

Political Institution uses all kinds of the concept, the rule and the system with shaping according to itself for managing the society prefers the media mostly. Politicians who use sometimes the sex and sometimes ethnicity, use direct and indirect discrimination discourses towards the regional group or group of people aimed by them with creating their majority. Particularly Ak Parti and its connections constitute monophthong media because of being entitled one by one in media sector and they succeed the same message in different ways from the diverse resources to the people. To enjoy in learning method is the easiest and the most efficient method. The programs which are series, competitions and etc are ‘entertainment’ broadcasts. The thoughts settle unbeknownst in the brain by the television and these thoughts influence to the human behaviors and prefers.

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MANAGEMENT BASED ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Author(s): Forough Asgarzade / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2011

Governments and community organizations apply for operating authority are needed under the forces of innovation and entrepreneurship. In this regard, the identification of the status quo and the dominant factors is inevitable that impact on entrepreneurship.

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ERMENİSTAN-AZERBAYCAN DAĞLIK KARABAĞ SORUNUNUN TARİHİ ARKAPLANINDAKİ PSİKOLOJİK İŞLEYİŞİN TAHLİLİ

Author(s): İlham Mirzayev / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2009

Here is being researched sone social and psychological reasons of the Armenian-Azerbaijanian, i.e. Upper Garabagh conflict and in the centre of which stands the essence of the conflicts in historical retrospectives. Being mentioned that in the Armenian- Azerbaijanian, i.e. Upper Garabagh conflict main point is the Armenian barbarism as the psychological factor where stands the ethnic character and the sense of pathological hatreds for Turks in general. The author is coming to such a conclusion that for determining of the socio-psychological content of the conflict must be analysed the subjective and objective factors in the integrative direction of course.

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DISSEMINATION OF NEWS IN INDIA THROUGH MEDIATED BUZZWORDS: EMERGENCE AND KEY FEATURES

Author(s): Arani Basu / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2016

This paper focuses on the emergence and key features of mediated buzzwords within the context of sociology of media and extends its scope in the nature of relationship these buzzwords share with other institutions in the society namely politics and economy. For doing so, the author of this paper has chosen General Elections 2014 in India as the time frame to study the mediated buzzwords disseminated by different newspapers before an election. This paper is based on primary and secondary sources of data. it is divided into five sections; the first section presents the epistemological meanings and socio-political context of emergence for each of the mediated buzzwords, the second section identifies the popular buzzwords on the basis of primary collected through interviews with the electorate, the third section chronicles the mediated buzzwords and their frequency of appearances in the newspapers (six leading newspapers in India at the moment, chosen on the basis of Audit Bureau of Circulation Report, 2013), the next section identifies the key features of the mediated buzzwords on the basis of primary and secondary data analysis and the last section introduces the concept of propaganda model of Noam Chomsky and political public sphere of Jürgen Habermas and delineates the relationship between mediated buzzwords, the political structure and political parties in India and the economic system of the country epitomized in the ownership structure of the media houses disseminating the buzzwords.

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Ethno Bureaucratic Patrimonialism: The Political Regime of Bosnia-Herzegovina

Author(s): Igor Stipić / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2017

This article, by following theories of informal institutionalization and not of democratic consolidation, aims at conceptualizing the existing post-Dayton or post-transitional political regime in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH). The study applies a structural approach to regime building, identifying the set of institutionalized rules structuring the interaction of the political power center and its relation with the broader society. The first part of the article explains the specificities of both first and second transition in BH and identifies its main actors, thus setting the conditions for posterior analysis. The second part of the article elaborates on the existence of ethno-national hegemony in BH socio-political space, and examines the importance of bureaucratic office and its patrimonialization for the structuring of what we define as Ethno Bureaucratic Patrimonialism (EBP). Towards the end, the analysis is completed through inclusion of both possibilities and realities of civil society development inside of this informally institutionalized regime whose most palpable characteristic is the inexistence of a protective state and the arbitrary rule of power.

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What is “the Middle East”? American think tank experts on construction of the region

Author(s): Danguolė Bardauskaitė / Language(s): English Issue: 36/2017

The aim of this research is to answer the question how the American think tank experts on the Middle East and US foreign policy towards the Middle East perceive the region and its construction, with a particular focus on the process of Othering. In order to achieve this aim, the article presents the theoretical explanations of the Othering. In the empirical part, the results of semi-structured interviews with the experts are analyzed and presented. The interviews revealed three angles of how the Middle East is perceived. These angles are the geographical location of the Middle East, the securitization of the Middle East and the universal superiority of the United States. The main finding of the research is that the perception of the Middle East is connected with the self perception or the question of “What is the United States of America?”

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Traumatologija partijske države (OGLEDI I-XII)

Author(s): Nebojša Popov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 116/1995

Kazivanje o ratu kao zlu obično vrvi od opštih mesta. Izvesno je da rat donosi smrt i razaranje, da nanosi duševne, duhovne i telesne ozlede (traume) mnogim ljudima. Manje je, pak, izvesno šta se sve tokom rata dešava, šta ga izaziva i kakvi su mogući raspleti.

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Российская художественная интеллигенция и думская практика 1906—1907 годов

Author(s): Alexei Vyacheslavovich Zyablikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The changed political reality — the establishment of the State Duma in Russia in 1906 — made active a public discussion about a ratio of guarding and liberal elements in business of the state arrangement. The idea of naturalness and «the rule of law» of the autocratic power found unexpected refraction in consciousness of the art elite trying to comprehend the value and functions of new political institute, to understand a measure of its historical correctness. Based on the principles of historicism and system, applying tools of historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods, the author reveals evolution of perception by artists and literature of realities of the Duma practice of 1906—1907. Interest in new state institute in many respects was defined by hopes for civil consent, political and cultural and moral improvement of the Russian life. One of the main functions of the Duma seemed to artists in peacemaking and search of conciliatory line between various political forces and opinions, at unconditional respect for traditions of the Russian statehood, religion, culture. Without denying importance and political importance of new institute, figures of the Russian culture noted such evident qualities of the Duma practice as tendency to a phrase mongering and “theatrical” effects, inability to offer a part of political ambitions for the sake of nation-wide need, the aspiration to approve a policy priority over culture, claims for spiritual one-man management. Moderate conservatives (Octobrists) who could undertake search of balance of interests were slow and shy. The increasing public skepticism concerning opportunities of the State Duma to become the instrument of national reconciliation and consent became a result of the Duma impressions of 1906—1907.

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Primorska in italijanska koncentracijska taborišča

Author(s): Tone Ferenc / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2000

The paper deals with the mass deportations of Slovenes from the Ljubljana region, following the so-called disarmament raids by the occupier in February and March 1942. It also presents the establishment of temporary concentration camps in Čiginj and Dolenja Trebuša, in the Julian March. From September 1942, after Slovenes from Primorska had begun joining the Slovenian partisan units in great numbers, the occupier retaliated by deporting their relatives to the prisons in Kostanjevica near Gorizia (for women) and Zdravščina (for men). After February 1943, 2,250 prisoners were deported to concentration camps in Italy. Men were sent to Cairo Montenotte in Liguria and women to Freschette di Alatri.

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Preselitve v Julijski krajini po drugi svetovni vojni

Author(s): Nevenka Troha / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1/2000

The paper deals with migrations to and from the Julian March during the first decade after the Second World War. This was a complex, multi-level process, involving Italians as well as Croats and Slovenes. Soon after the capitulation of Italy in September 1943, almost all Italians left the Slovene Littoral (Primorska) where they had settled after 1918. Similarly, the vast majority of the Italian ethnic community emigrated from Istria, as well as many Slovenes and Croats. Communism was the main reason for the emigration of Slovenes from the territory before, and also after, its annexation to Slovenia in 1947. At the same time, Communism attracted many Italian workers to the area. The Slovenes and Croats who had been deported or mobilised under the Fascist regime, returned from other Italian provinces, and, from Yugoslavia, those who emigrated before the war. In the mid-Fifties, a substantial number of the inhabitants of the Trieste region emigrated overseas. Some thirty percent of these were Slovenes.

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POSLJEDICE EKONOMSKE KRIZE MJERENE INDIKATORIMA SIROMAŠTVA U BIH

Author(s): Wilhelm Vitomir Gajić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2019

The impact of the general economic crisis, the imbalance in the unfavorable business environment in BiH, and the internal weaknesses of the enterprise, have resulted in a reduction in the volume of business activities that have linked a number of other negative business-related consequences to poverty growth . As with most other transition economies, the main channels of crisis were the sharp contraction of capital inflows and the reduction of demand for exports. Reducing capital inflows has reflected a fall in investment spending, while reducing personal spending is the result of increased unemployment. Businesses faced with falling demand for their products on domestic and foreign markets reduced their investments. Employers who had free money, for fear and uncertainty, did not want to invest, while those who wanted to invest and did not have their own funds could not get loans because of the sharp credit contraction in the financial markets. The direct consequence of insufficient demand was the reduction in the number of jobs that ultimately had an impact on the growth of poverty. Reducing business resulted in a fall in revenues, an increase in the number of enterprises with negative business results, an increase in the number of enterprises that were forced to stop business activities, and ultimately an increase in unemployment.

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»Vzajemnost« in »Svoboda« ter gibanje za žensko enakopravnost

Author(s): Janko Liška / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 1-2/1973

The treatise describes the activities of the women's branch of the General Labour Union »Vzajemnost« and its successor »Svoboda«, and the echo reflected in the socialist press.

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Portretul omului de stat: Ion I. C. Brătianu

Author(s): Cristina Vohn / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2019

The statesman term is often used in the political and social sciences as well in the public speeches. But what does the term statesman means? There are few authors who have offered conceptual definitions of the term. This is, probably, why the confusion spred so often in the public space about by the today’s politicians that, when they hold a state office, it is considered that they have automatically became the statesmen. That’s not true. We will stop in this article on the conceptual meaning of the statesman term, as it was defined in the political and social sciences and then we will exemplify its applicability to the personality of Ion I. C. Brătianu.

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Rozi izvještaj 2019. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Amina Dizdar,Delila Hasanbegović,Liam Isić,Darko Pandurević,Jozo Blažević,Lejla Huremović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2019

Ministarstvo za ljudska prava i izbjeglice Bosne i Hercegovine je tokom 2017. godine izradilo i uputilo Nacrt akcionog plana za ravnopravnost LGBTI (lezbejki, gej, biseksualnih, transrodnih i interspolnih) osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini 2018–2020. entitetskim vladama. Akcioni plan prati strukturu preporuka Odbora ministara Vijeća Evrope državama članicama vezano za suzbijanje diskriminacije na osnovu seksualne orijentacije i rodnog identiteta te sadrži pregled stanja, neophodne mjere i očekivane rezultate. Vlada Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (FBiH) je na sjednici održanoj u septembru 2018. dala pozitivno mišljenje na upućeni Nacrt navodeći da su potrebne određene korekcije koje se odnose na finansijski okvir, metodologiju vrednovanja realizovanih aktivnosti te uključivanje pojedinih državnih subjekata, kao što je to bio slučaj sa Centrom za edukaciju sudija i tužilaca Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (CEST FBiH). Može se zaključiti da u FBiH blagi napredak na ovom polju jeste postignut, uz napomenu da nije izvjesno kada će doći do usvajanja s obzirom na to da nisu poduzete nikakve daljnje mjere te da se trenutno formira nova vlada FBiH. Vlada Republike Srpske (RS) očitovala se negativno o predloženom Nacrtu, navodeći kao razlog neprovođenje javnih konsultacija s nadležnim institucijama RS prilikom izrade. Do momenta pisanja izvještaja Vlada Brčko distrikta nije se očitovala o Nacrtu akcionog plana za ravnopravnost LGBTI osoba. [...]

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Pink Report. Annual Report on the State of the Human Rights of LGBT Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2013

Author(s): Mariña Barreiro,Vladana Vasić,Jordan Maze,Saša Gavrić / Language(s): English Issue: */2013

Experiences of homophobia and transphobia remain very common in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with limited or no action taken by authorities to address such discrimination, harassment and violence. Regular attacks against LGBT persons as well as attacks against LGBT human rights defenders and hateful comments in print, online and electronic media further fuel the atmosphere of intolerance against LGBT people. The complex federal system, the low level of progress in the field of rule of law and the generally low level of visibility of LGBT persons and LGBT activism allow political structures to be negligent in their protection of LGBT rights. On the positive side, police forces have also demonstrated increased willingness to take into account LGBT-specific issues. In one of the Cantons of the Federation of BiH, Canton Sarajevo, they have even collaborated with civil society and Sarajevo Open Centre on their own sensitization in an effort to increase the both the trust of LGBT persons in governmental institutions as well as the number of reported cases. Nevertheless, the attack on the Merlinka Festival shows that the freedom of assembly for LGBT persons is not guaranteed. There is an obvious need to continue working with law enforcement institutions (police, prosecutors’ offices and courts). Violations of the human rights of LGBT persons in BiH represents a much wider spectrum of individual cases of discrimination or violence, and points to institutional and legislative neglect, disregard of the needs and rights of LGBT persons and the unwillingness of state institutions to implement the laws of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a quantitative research project showed,1 there is a very low level of sensitization throughout the general population towards LGBT people, as well as insufficient knowledge about the problems that LGBT people face. 56.5% of the respondents said “homosexuality must be cured,” which is a result of a lack of knowledge and plethora of entrenched stereotypes about homosexuality, which has been removed from the list of illnesses and social disorders. For three fourths of the respondents, same-sex kissing in public is unacceptable, whereas having a sex change is considered repulsive by 59.5%. In 2013, the LGBT community has become more visible within BiH society, especially through the work of human rights organisations who work to prevent discrimination and violence against LGBT persons. However, a large percentage of LGBT persons still live in hiding, making invisibility one of the biggest problems in the community. The first step to be recognized and protected is to be visible and claim your rights, especially in a politically challenging context like contemporary BiH.

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