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Česko se ani v těchto letech, kdy se na místo ve školce stojí fronty, není schopné v prorodinné politice inspirovat u svého nejbližšího souseda, v Německu. Zde se vláda kancléřky Angely Merkel zavázala, že do roku 2013 bude mít každé dítě po dovršení prvního roku právo na místo ve školce. A tento slib je už viditelný i v realitě - v obcích se staví školky, nabírá se personál. U nás je zodpovědnost za péči o děti zcela ponechána v rukou matek, které nemají ani zákonnou možnost pomoci si samy. Místo otevřeného prostoru jsou válcovány hygienickými nařízeními nutnými pro zřízení zařízení péče o děti, firemní školy je nutné hledat lupou a něco v Německu tak běžného jako institut Tagesmutter, denních matek, je stále v nedohlednu.
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V roce 1990 fungovalo v ČR celkem 1043 veřejných jeslí, v roce 2000 jich bylo evidováno pouze 67 a do roku 2007 klesl jejich počet jen na 49. V souvislosti s porodní křivkou silné generace 70. let se s nedostupností péče o malé děti potýká většina rodičů dětí předškolního věku. Tento problém bude v nejbližších letech přerůstat do prvního stupně základních škol. Ve školním roce 2011/2012 nebylo jen v hlavním městě Praha přijato přes 8000 dětí. Počet předškoláků v hlavním městě Praha i nadále roste, podle očekávání magistrátu tomu tak bude příští dva až tři roky. Stejné zkušenosti mají místní samosprávy v celém Česku. Vzáří 2012 nenastoupilo do školek na 50 000 dětí, které by nastoupit chtěly či potřebovaly. Je zde nastaven přesně opačný trend než ve vyspělých zemích, kde jako ve Francii jsou školky součástí školského systému.
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This paper studies the efficiency of tertiary education expenditure by a comparison between EU Member States in Central and Eastern Europe with respect to the effects related to the quality of education obtained through the application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. The paper introduces a new approach to measuring the outputs of tertiary education expenditure related to realization on the labour market and welfare. The results of the study show that, among seven CEE countries, EU member states, only in Romania efficiency of tertiary education expenditure is observed, while Bulgaria shows the largest deviation from the efficiency frontier.
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This article discusses the competitiveness beyond its economic nature, infl uenced by the concept of sustainable development, and expanded to the issues of environmental in the centre, it is a crucial objective for the economies, reinforced by the common European challenges and context of development. In this sense, the study‘s purpose is to analyse the development of Bulgaria through several key factors of infl uence in the three directions. Based on them, specifi c recommendations are proposed to achieve sustainable competitiveness primarily through the achievement of high added value by stimulating intellectual capacity and increasing management effi ciency. Further, it is open a discussion about a new stage in the development of the competitive race, marked by „shared“ (cooperative, solidarity) competitiveness.
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The rationale for investment and fi nancial decisions for business development in the real sector of the economy at risk is based on the development of their theoretical foundations. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the business risk assessment in the real economy compared to the risk in the fi nancial sphere. To this end, we analyze the risk factors in different sectors of the economy that determine the opportunities for diversion of future business outcomes and also the specifi city of the main risk management methods. In this respect, key risk measures for the different activities and the theoretical criteria for assessing the risk decisions used in the decision-making process in the fi nancial markets take the cornerstone.
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The dynamic business environment changes and imposes the emergence of different forms of marketing, transforms demand and supply, modifi es consumer behavior itself. Managers at different corporate levels face a number of challenges to address these changes and respond to the ever-increasing pressures of technology, and in particular, digitization in all areas of life. The development of sustainable marketing is a kind of response to any changes that include even those on the planet as a whole. Wonderful and worthy of respect is the example given by Bulgarian companies or those that enter the Bulgarian market.
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In the context of refugee crises, which have become the leading topic of political as well as scientific debates in past decade, the impact of migrants and asylum seekers on the labour market of the receiving country has attracted remarkable attention. Empirical research in this area indicates that migration has an insignificant effect on the change of the average wage, but it negatively affects the low-skilled labour force on the one hand and positively affects the high-skilled labour force on the other. The purpose of this article is to analyse the influx of refugees and asylum seekers to Germany with an emphasis on the genesis of the crisis in 2015-2016. We try to illustrate the integration of refugees in the local labour market. In accordance with the purpose of the paper we suggest two hypotheses reflecting refugees’ economic burden for hosted country and spatial distribution relevance for integration. To reach the purpose, we apply qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews. Our results suggest the limited refugees’ economic burden for German economy and significant effect of geographical allocation on integration process.
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The report analyzes the structure and convergent processes of employment in the Bulgarian and Romanian economies for the period 2000-2020, and examines the dynamics of relative shares and rates of change for the respective period. In order to quantitatively measure the degree of convergence/divergence, a divergence index and a difference index were calculated, comparisons with other EU countries with similar characteristics were used, and some possible explanations and consequences of the structural changes that took place were also derived. Overall, the results show a slow process of convergence of the sectoral structure of employment of the Bulgarian and Romanian economies with that of the Eurozone, which continues throughout the period, regardless of some specifics before and after the global recession.
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The global climatic changes and the reindustrialization of the European economy in the technological XXI century construct a cause-effect chain which starts and ends with education and science: digitalization and robotization – structural economic reforms -imbalance in the labour market – professional qualification and competence – transfer of science and innovations in the applied economy – lifelong learning. The ambitious aim of the ecologically-oriented European Union is to achieve a carbonneutral economy by the year 2050. In the process of Green and Digital Transformation innovative industrial productions will be opened with the integration of digital and ecological technologies. The segments of the labour market change. The professional realization in the education, science and information and communication technologies increases, and the one in the industrial and agricultural decreases. The deficit of engineering human capital (educated and competent workforce) reaches record levels on the labour market. The focus of the study is on the education and science in the context of the Green and Digital Transformation of the European Economy. The long term aim of the research is the sustainable professional balance on the labour market. The topic concerning the European labour market is developed on the base of the modern multidisciplinary method of scientific research. The educational policies in the Victorian industrialization of the economy and the analogous present day reindustrialization are compared in the analysis and interpretation of the results of the study.
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