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KONSTRUKCIJOS TAI YRA /TO JEST SEMANTIKA RELIGINIAME TEKSTE (REMIANTIS KONSTANTINO SIRV YDO PUNKTAIS SAKYMŲ(1629, 1644))

Author(s): Kristina Rutkovska / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 87/2022

The article addresses the constructions tai yra/to jest in the text of the sermons by Konstantinas Sirvydas. In the contemporary research of syntactic semantics, these units are termed ‘conclusive components’ and are attributed to the group denoting equivalence. Meanwhile, their semantic representation is expressed by the scheme TR1 tai yra R2 (TR1 that is R2). In the scheme, R1 and R2 are linked by the relation of open equivalence based on the correctness of the statement, whereas R2 may express a conclusion, generalization, clarification. The metatextual fragments used in a religious text, which are inserted by means of the phrase tai yra, have much in common with lexical parallelisms. However, they stand out by their greater vividness and richness of the content and play an important stylistic function. The metatextual inserts starting with the construction tai yra are rather widespread in Sirvydas’ Postil (circa 1,000 cases). It can therefore be assumed that it is a characteristic feature of Sirvydas’ baroque style. They recur in a single sentence or in a longer passage composed of several compound sentences. Their functions are varied: a) information restoration, auxiliary; b) explanatory; c) rhetorical. The text by Sirvydas is dominated by the allegorical interpretation of concepts and phenomena. To achieve vividness, the author skillfully combines a word and an image, whereas metatextual inserts add transparency and become a powerful stylistic device in the process of educating the believers and shaping their moral values.

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A PSYCHO-PASTORAL APPROACH OF THE MEANING OF 'A CHRISTMAS STORY' BY PAULO COELHO

Author(s): Dorina Maria Pasca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Known to lovers of written and unwritten word, read or reread, understood or misunderstood, applauded or hollowed out, known or unknown, Paulo Coelho (n. 1947) remains and is a landmark of what is represented today in literature, the story, the storyteller being the author Brazilian. Making his own way to Santiego de Compostella, the joy and affective feeling, Paulo Coelho confesses to us every year, giving us a Christmas Story, which reminds us to be kind, altruistic, tolerant, accepted and close to those for who a simple gesture, smile, comfort or embrace breaks barriers, releasing the emotion of dedication and blessing.In this context and starting from the idea of approaching the author and from the perspective of his message with the burden of the psycho-pastoral mark, The Christmas Story undoubtedly refers to all that is good in us, giving us the chance and the opportunity to discover and rediscover the magic of winter holidayswhile being stardust and the Milky Way.

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THREE LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS IN THE AVANT-GARDE MANNER OF THE INTER-WAR CHIȘINĂU (GEO BOGZA, ALEXANDRU ROBOT, LAURENȚIU FULGA)

Author(s): Aliona Grati / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The article presents some ways of literary representation in the avant-garde manner of the city of Chisinau from the inter-war period, belonging to three foreign writers of the city: Geo Bogza, Alexandru Robot and Laurențiu Fulga. Through their reports, the city of Chisinau has entered the European avant-garde as a literary topos. The city is represented in strange, enigmatic contours, harboring the demonic spaces, it showed the seeds of the decadent future that was crushing the metropolis of the civilized world at that time. History has not given him the time needed to reach the stage of advanced development, over a few years will be ruined. However, these three writers can be credited with giving literary expression to an inter-war Chisinau devoured by the black presences of destruction.

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THE THANATIC METAMORPHOSIS IN MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE’S ESSAYS

Author(s): Adriana Cîteia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The study aims to analyses the relation between a particular form of methamorphosis- the thanatic one and the need of distancing as attempt of producing something new; between a horizon of significations well defined, the antique Greek Latin, a horizon of comparison, severe self-analysis, and the need of authenticity. Montaigne approaches and then distances himself from the antique model with modesty and caution, building his own creative paradigm.

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LITERARY REPRESENTATIONS OF THE URBAN SPACE OF THE CHIȘINĂU CITY IN THE TEXTS OF THE ROMANIAN WRITERS FROM BASARABIA

Author(s): Ludmila Simanschi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

In this study, the Chisinau urban space modelled literally from the perspective of the fusion community, but also from the thinking singularity, which always redefines the places that mark its destiny route, the collective and multi-ethnic identity that reflects the historical drama of the city society in Bessarabia, is subject to analysis. The literary discourses "Pactizing with the devil" by Aureliu Busuioc, "Jewry" and "Villa" by Nicolae Esinencu revealed the Sovietized Chisinau as a space of changing sociality and political theater, historical-social forming of varied geocritical meanings. Each author manages to build his own unique vision of the characters, individual stories, according to their life and reveals different development periods of the Chisinau city and different types of behaviour in front of the chronological time through original ways of structuring the urban topos with changing historical identity: identity of provincial fair, capital of the province, capital of the Soviet republic.

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THE GAME OF EROS AND THANATOS IN MIRCEA ELIADE’S NOVEL THE SERPENT

Author(s): Teodora Boboc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Following his deep interest in the study of religions and mythology, Romanian philosopher Mircea Eliade develops in his works an amazing fresco of myths propagated by various peoples, but he does not limit himself to a purely theoretical approach, and goes even further, to their practical insertion in his own literary creations. The novel ‘The Serpent’, the one that the author himself claims to be the only book written without a plan and a mere product of imagination, reveals the eternal, vivid and life-giving core of the myth, standing right in the middle of everyday life. Acting just like a mask, a palpable shroud of more profound spiritual meanings, life is – as Eliade shows us – a unique experience, repeatable in various configurations, until the destiny established by superior forces reaches its fulfilment. The way Eliade depicts this particular fact is, however, a rather positive one – cyclicity represents a sequence of chances to understand and apply the principles under which Fatum itself works. With each new “experience” we are, in fact, one step closer to perfection and to the restoration of our androgyne primordial state.

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A LETTER TO MOTHER: “ON EARTH WE’RE BRIEFLY GORGEOUS” BY OCEAN VUONG

Author(s): Anca Bădulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

Ocean Vuong’s novel “On Earth We’re Briefly Gorgeous”, written in the form of a letter to the protagonist’s mother, is a Bildungsroman, a confession and self-analysis. It deals with war and trauma, with violence and immigration, with queerness and loneliness. Nevertheless, this surprising prose work is at the same time an experiment with poetical language. This article aims at highlighting Vuong’s mastery in structuring his novel and using words in a unique way.

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"WE SHOULD ALL BE ANGRY": WOMEN'S RESPONSES TO TRAUMA IN THE SHORT STORIES OF CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE

Author(s): Roxana Elena Doncu / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is an internationally acclaimed, award-winning writer of Nigerian origin, now living in the United States. Her short stories and fiction deal with the negative effects of the colonial legacy and how it affects men and women differently. The political instability of the rapidly succeeding postcolonial, often 'necropolitical' regimes imprisons both men and women into clear-cut gender roles. Women, affected by the traumatic loss of children or relatives in the numerous ethnic-religious riots are plagued by feelings of guilt and inadequacy. While identifications with either the pre-modern structures of the tribal society or the deeply split (post)colonial discourse regimes seem to be destructive to the formation of female identity, women who find creative outlets for their anger manage to put up resistance and carve out a small space of independence.

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MENTAL TRANSLATION IN THE SELF-TRANSLATION OF LITERARY TEXT. THE WORKS OF PANAIT ISTRATI

Author(s): Iulia Cristina Artene / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

This article approaches the subject of mental translation in the case of French-Romanian writer Panait Istrati. Mental translation appears as a first stage in the process of self-translation and it derives from the unusual choice of the language in which the writing is done. Usually, mental translation is considered an important element for postcolonial writers, as their activity stands at the crossroad between national heritage and colonial linguistic imprint. In the case of the Romanian writer, this issue emerges from the underlying circumstances of authorʼs literary activity that was initiated in France and later followed by publishing the Romanian versions in his home country. Understanding the mechanisms of mental translation in literary creations holds major importance for the self-translation process. Not only it gives a more profound description of this type of texts but it also illustrates the great intercultural role played by self-translators on the universal scene of literature. Our demonstration will be grounded on the integral linguistics of Romanian linguist Eugen Coșeriu, as it provides a vast conceptual framework – starting with the concept of ʼlinguistic competenceʼ – that can give a broad view of how mental translation is done. Moreover, we will illustrate the existence of this type of translation in one of Panait Istratiʼs works, Oncle Anghel / Moș Anghel, with the help of the same scholarʼs theory upon text linguistics.

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THE SYMBOL OF THE BIRD IN THE ROMANIAN INTERWAR POETRY

Author(s): Maria Elena Opriș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

In our paper we will refer to the bird symbol in Romanian interwar poetry, finding in the lyrics of this period a new reading of the symbol. It is noticeable the use of free, consecrated symbols but also the preference of authors for a particular bird or for the symbol it represents.

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A LITERARY FRIENDSHIP: LETTERS EXCHANGED BETWEEN THE “ONEIRIC GROUP” AND THE “LITERARY SCHOOL OF TÂRGOVIȘTE”

Author(s): Diana Maria Lupuleac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

The “oneiric group” and the “Literary school of Târgoviște” are two literary groups that emerge into the publishing world in communist Romania during the semi-liberalized period that stretches between 1964 and 1971, when literature is no longer only seen as a means to indoctrinate. This paper aims to examine the dialogue between the members of these groups before and after the fall of the communist regime by taking a close look at the letters exchanged between Emil Brumaru and Radu Petrescu, as well as between Dumitru Țepeneag and Costache Olăreanu.

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VICTOR PAPILIAN’S DRAMA – FROM RHETORIC TO INNOVATION

Author(s): Ingrid Cezarina-Elena Bărbieru (Ciochină) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Victor Papilian’s drama, obviously inferior to his short stories and novels, due to the rhetoric language, lack of conflict’s consistency, various irrelevant moments and episodes inserted throughout the text and scientific style of writing, has its valuable impact on the Romanian inter-war literary space, especially for the innovations it presents. The new approaches are to be found in terms of literary techniques, new interpretations for the already used literary themes, the creation of deep psychological tensions, as well as new approaches of themes with tradition in the Romanian literary space. Papilian's theater thus fits in the specific direction of the inter-war literary moment, whose complexity of forms and formulas will lay the foundations of modernism.

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SCRIITORI ROMÂNI DE IERI

Author(s): Daniel Cristea-Enache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

How do we read our authors from the past centuries? Leaving aside the most important writers, the exceptions, what is the most appropriate method to visualize and comprehend the less relevant majority? What is the appropriate criteria for analysis and evaluation? This article provides an analysis of the critical and complex historical ways that Eugen Simion, making use of the methodological suggestions from G. Bachelard, Roland Barthes, Jean-Pierre Richard and other critics, employs to reevaluate the older ages in the history of Romanian literature, not only in Dimineața poeților but also in his last work, Recurs la natură.

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EUGÈNE IONESCO. TRADIȚIE ȘI VIRULENȚĂ SPECTACULARĂ: INTERVIUL DIN PLAYBOY

Author(s): Darie Ducan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2023

At the height of the so-called “sexual revolution” of the mid-1970s, when leftist political ideology manipulated young people into denying their parents through excess and ostentation (in the French extension of May 1968), the rebellious Eugene Ionesco, author of the incendiary Nu (No) (1934) and the play La Cantatrice chauve (1950), surprises by publishing an unexpected and ignored interview in the French edition of Playboy magazine (March 1975, No. 16/8). In this interview with Claude Terrasse, Ionesco “seduces” through his theatrical persona against the mainstream.The political and paradoxical gesture is above all a theatrical one, and its unexpected implications and effects will be analysed in the present study in the organic perspective of their integration into his oeuvre.

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COMMUNISM EXPERIENCES, BETWEEN NOSTALGIA AND RESENTMENT

Author(s): Simona Sigartău / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

December 1989 brings a new organization for romanian society. At the social level, the change of actors is remarcable. The working class rceives less importance in organizing the society. If during communism, now the worker is forced to ask, claim, he becomes an actor who has been denied his role. This change will bring frustration and a long string of dissatisfaction. Romanian literature captures human types expressing feelings of nostalgia or revolt against living during communism. This report between old and new becomes an important theme in Romanian literature after 2000.

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THE ISSUE OF JOSEPH CONRAD’S (ANTI)RACISM: BEFORE AND AFTER ACHEBE

Author(s): Dimitrie Andrei Borcan / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

After the publication of Chinua Achebe’s article vehemently accusing Joseph Conrad if racism and requesting his exclusion from the humanist canon on these grounds, the latter’s literary career has come to be divided into two periods: before and after Achebe. The present study presents Achebe’s arguments and other authors’ (counter)arguments in this still open debate.

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TRUE TO LIFE? SOME REMARKS ON A DUTCH TRANSLATION OF JERZY KOSINSKI’S THE PAINTED BIRD

Author(s): Antony Hoyte-West / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2023

Almost six decades after it was first published, the novel The Painted Bird, by the Polish-American author Jerzy Kosinski, continues to attract interest and controversy. The book was widely translated and an analytical comparison of its translation into over a dozen languages was recently published. Noting the absence of Dutch from this analysis, the present contribution aims to provide an overview of De geverfde vogel, the Dutch translation of The Painted Bird. In the first instance, information regarding the circumstances and development of Kosinski’s original novel are outlined. This is subsequently complemented by an overview of the Dutch language as well as the context behind the translation of the book, before relevant aspects relating to the original and the Dutch translation are compared and contrasted.

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«LA MEMORIA È LA PIETRA DI SISIFO. CHI SONO? AHMED O AMEDEO?» AMARA LAKHOUS: LA FRAMMENTAZIONE DELL’IO

Author(s): Luisa Emanuele / Language(s): Italian Issue: 15/2023

Amara Lakhous, an author of Algerian origin, represents a singular character of transcultural writing in Italian language, as expression of numerous dimensions, linguistic choices and dislocations, which create a dynamic, contaminated and Creole linguistic-cultural identity. This essay aims to analyze, on a narrative, hermeneutic, semiotic, and linguistic-stylistic level, Scontro di civiltà per un ascensore a Piazza Vittorio, a noir unique in its genre, in that it is a self-translation of a previous version written in Arabic, which shows, through its multifocality, the identity fragmentation. The intention is to bring out the identity image of the migrant writer, apparently unaltered, but in reality deeply split and poised between past and present, memory and oblivion, truth and fiction. A state of disorientation and alienation that finds a sort of composition in the so-called "howls", spaces of reflection and reconstitution of emotions that the author gives to Ahmed/Amedeo, a character who represents an intense interior conflict, typical of those who cannot find their own place and dimension in the world.

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HAJI BEKTASHI VELI’S VELÂYETNÂME AS A LITERARY SOURCE ABOUT MEDIEVAL ANATOLIA

Author(s): Tunay Karakök / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2023

After the Battle of Talas, which took place in the middle of the VIIIth century, the process of accepting Islam by the Turks began. The Turks, who had stood side by side in this war with the members of this new religion, which they had the opportunity to meet on various occasions before, have now entered the process of gradually accepting this religion after recognizing it. With this acceptance, Turks will succeed in raising many important figures in the field of thought, as in many other fields. Mahmud al-Kashgari, Yusuf Khass Hajib, Ahmad bin Mahmud Yukenaki and Khoja Akhmet Yassawi are a few of them. These personalities lived before the Turks came to Anatolia. However, their influence continued to increase after the arrival of the Turks in Anatolia at the beginning of the Xth century. Scientific and intellectual activities that started in Central Asia entered a new phase with the conquest of Anatolia. This phase is the one in which the Turkish understanding of religion is shaped and a new interpretation of the religion of Islam is formed. Personalities such as Mawlānā, Yunus Emre, Ak̲h̲ī Ewrān and Haji Bektashi Veli who grew up in this period struggled to spread this new religion both among Türker and in the Anatolian geography. The works they produced, the dervish lodges, zawiyas and sufi centers they established, and Haji Bektashi Veli, one of these personalities who tried to continue these struggles, and his Velâyetnâme, which is considered to be his most important literary work, are discussed in this study. The work in question; When the content is evaluated in the context of the events and dates it deals with, it is an important literary and historical resource for medieval Anatolia.

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YASTIK ADAM OYUNUN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Osman Emin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2023

The subject of this research is Pillow Man, a 2003 play written by Martin McDonagh. The work will be analyzed in terms of both, content and form during the study. Postdrama, tragedy and its parts, Jung's four archetypes, Foucault's prison theory, in-yer-face theatre, and Martin McDonagh's biography will be discussed. The study's goal will be to discover which currents affect today's theater, to determine whether old theater movements are still useful, and to bring to light how the theater has evolved in comparison to the past. Furthermore, how currents and modern morality affect theater plays will be examined in terms of Pillow Man, and the study will achieve its goal.

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