CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

The Relationship between Debt Capacity Base and Structural Risk: Evidence from the Warsaw Stock Exchange

Author(s): Piotr Cirin / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

Objective: The objective of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that there is a statistically significant correlation between the risk level determined on the basis of structural models and the value of the of debt capacity base, and that the value of a company’s debt capacity is determined primarily by the type and properties of its financing. Research Design & Methods: The methodology was based on the analysis of the determination of the linear regression function using the least squares method and study of the correlation between the values of the debt capacity base and the net value of enterprises (determined on the basis of the approach used in structural risk models) based on accounting data of 511 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in 2018–2019. This includes an analysis of the level of debt capacity in the context of selected forms of financing. Findings: There is a strong and statistically significant correlation between the debt capacity base determined on the basis of book values and the determined net value of enterprises, representing the level of structural risk (constituting the difference between the value of assets and liabilities). A USD 1 bn change in the average debt capacity base leads to a USD 0.49 bn change in the average net worth of enterprises. Implications / Recommendations: The designated regression function enables forecasting, within the scope of banking practice, the value of the structural risk and the debt capacity base in terms of granting short- and long-term liabilities. Contribution: The study confirms the thesis that there is a statistically significant correlation between structural risk and the debt capacity base. It presents an approach that enables the determination of the debt capacity base, the value of structural risk, and the value of debt capacity for selected forms of financing.

More...

The third sector and the new development paradigms

4.90 €

Preview

The third sector and the new development paradigms

Author(s): Valentin Filip / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

NGOs, as economic actors, are now passing a stage that could change their role in development for the long term. Developing NGOs are not only making peace with the market but are using its mechanisms to better tackle challenges such as poverty, inequality, democratic participation and bottom-up empowerment. Development projects are more sensible to the market needs and evolution while economic sustainability of their results is now a prerequisite. Furthermore, efficiency and accountability are criteria that appear in the majority of funding entities calls for projects, all of this putting a pressure on NGOs for changing their practices, their staff competences and their strategies. This evolution, perceived from the perspective of development economics theories, is contributing the confirmation of the “market solutions” approach, given by the neoliberal theories. However it is important to say that NGOs are making a selection of some large areas that can become a “refined” neoliberalism.

More...

THE EFFECT OF WORK EXPERIENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF JOBS ON EMPLOYEE WORK ACHIEVEMENT IN SHIPPING COMPANY

Author(s): Indah ayu Johanda Putri / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The commitment itself is shaped through individual characteristics and job characteristics. High commitment will improve employee work performance, thus individual characteristics and job characteristics should logically be related to work performance. This study aims to determine the effect of work experience and job characteristics on employee’s work performance in shipping companies. Methodology of this study is quantitative research and will be test the relationship between independent and dependent variables, with a sample of managers at shipping company located in Surabaya. Independent variable is work experiences and job characteristic, dependent variable is work performance. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the result, it is obtained that the effect of work experience and job characteristic on employee’s work performance which has a significance value below 0.05 is a work experience variable. Thus, the work experience variable has an influence on work performance, while job characteristics do not have any influence on work performance. The result of this analysis indicated that work experience variable has an influence on work performance, while job characteristics did not have an influence on work performance. Based on the result, it can be concluded that Work experience has a positive effect on work performance, while Job characteristics do not affect work performance. However, work experience and job characteristics simultaneously influence work performance.

More...

Determinants of Regional Entrepreneurial Activity in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Ondřej Dvouletý,Jan Mareš / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The following study is focused on analysis of registered businesses in the 14 regions of the Czech Republic during the period of years 1995-2013. The aim of the study was to quantify factors that affect entrepreneurial activity expressed as rate of registered businesses per capita. Based on the previous empirical studies, the determinants were selected and hypothesis stated. Formed hypothesis investigated positive impact of GDP per capita, unemployment rate and R&D institutions on rate of registered business activity. To evaluate them, data were obtained from the Czech Statistical Office and formed into dataset. Firstly, panel regressions estimated with fixed effects method were employed and secondly, Granger causality tests to evaluate the relationship between entrepreneurial activity and GDP per capita were used. Regression estimates proved positive relationship between entrepreneurial activity in Czech regions and GDP per capita, unemployment rate and support activities of R&D institutions. Positive impact was also confirmed for population density, average age, share of tertiary educated population and real R&D expenditures. Testing Granger causality proved dual causality between entrepreneurial activity and GDP per capita confirming that GDP per capita as good predictor of economic development of Czech regions. Finally, economic growth motivates Czech individuals to enter entrepreneurial activity.

More...

Czech Textbook of Social Policy

Author(s): Jaroslav Vostatek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Book-Review: Krebs, V., et al.: Sociální politika (Social Policy), 6th revised and updated edition. Prague: Wolters Kluwer, 2015. 568 pp., English summary of 2 pages. ‒ Jaroslav Vostatek

More...

Rise and fall of ulips in Indian life insurance market

Author(s): K Vidyavathi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Reforms in the insurance sector were introduced much later in fact almost a decade later with the enactment of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act 1999, which facilitated the liberalization and opening of the insurance sector. There were two options before the Government of India to privatize insurance sector viz. (a) selling of two public sector insurance companies (LIC and GIC) to private and (b) allowing private sector to enter into insurance market and compete with the LIC and GIC. The Government took the latter route to open the insurance sector in 2000 and LIC and GIC were left untouched. Indian private companies entered the market as joint ventures with some of world’s largest insurance companies. Coexistence of private and public companies heightened competition and Indian insurance sector witnessed several significant changes such as a large number of new innovative products, improved distribution channels and the introduction of world class regulatory and supervisory standards. The most significant product innovation in the life insurance segment is the introduction of unit linked products (ULIPs). Unit linked plans offer long term investment option plus life coverage. In fact ULIPs are combination of both investment and insurance.In this research paper an attempt is made (a) to examine the rise and fall of ULIPs across the private insurers and LIC in the Indian insurance market by analyzing the distribution of first year premium during 2003- 14 . The materials in the form of data and information are gathered from the Annual Reports of IRDA and Reports of Economic Survey of India of various years. The data and information collected were processed presented and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Mann Whitney Test Z value (equivalent to Wilcoxon’s rank sum z test) is also used in addition to the calculation of growth rate and percentage contribution of ULIPs to the total premium.

More...

VERGİDEN KAÇINMA YÖNTEMLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR SAHA ARAŞTIRMASI

Author(s): İsmail Ercan Börü,Abdulkadir Bilen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 50/2021

In the globalizing world, we can clearly say that multinational companies make great effort in order to increase their profits in different countries. One of the most practical ways is to reduce the amount of tax that they will pay by seeking legal ways without breaking the law. Although this situation provides a great profit to the businesses, it also causes the same losses of income for the countries in which they operate. The same situation is valid for individuals. In order to pay less tax individually, we can reduce our tax burden by making some legally valid contracts. The main purpose of this study is to explain the concept of tax avoidance theoretically, to examine the methods of tax avoidance, which tax-veiling methods that taxpayers generally use and to show how businesses can gain financial advantage with sample accounting records. Data of obtained from by using face-to-face questionnaires method applied are interpreted with frequency analysis and cross tables on 385 participants who the income taxpayers of Diyarbakır province. According to the obtained results; the majority of the taxpayers have seen to tax avoidance as a rational behaviour.

More...

IMPACT OF ACCOUNTING TO ORGANIZATIONAL EMPLOYMENT

Author(s): Laman GULİYEVA / Language(s): English Issue: Sp. Issue/2021

Organizational hiring policies have major positive and negative consequences. This paper presents a framework for monetized study of employment effects based on a large body of research on job quality and impact assessment. We define and recommend a process for assessing the four most important dimensions of impact for workers, namely pay satisfaction, job development, opportunity, and health and welfare, as well as two major impacts for the wider labor community, namely diversity and employment place. The findings of the study show that estimating job effect in monetary terms is possible, and they lay the groundwork for potential applications in other geographies and contexts.

More...

ПОГЛЕД КЪМ СПОСОБИТЕ ЗА ПОГАСЯВАНЕ НА ДАНЪЧНИТЕ ЗАДЪЛЖЕНИЯ

Author(s): Nina Chilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The methods for extinguishment of tax obligations are explicitly regulated in art.168 of the Tax and Social Insurance Procedure Code. Along with the mentioned methods, the constitutionally established method for extinguishment of tax receivables must be considered, namely by granting an amnesty by the National Assembly of Republic of Bulgaria (art. 84, item 13 of the Constitution of Republic of Bulgaria). Each of the these institutions has its own features and established order, in which it is carried out. If we can say that there is a common feature between them, then we can point it out: the extinguishable effect of tax liabilities, because that is the aim, to which there all directed.

More...

SUPPORT OF BUSINESS INNOVATION IN THE FORM OF TAX BENEFITS FOR R&D OF ENTREPRENEURS IN SLOVAKIA

Author(s): Lea Jančičková,Renáta Pakšiová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Since 2015, the tax advantage of the R&D of entrepreneurs in Slovakia has been in the form of indirect support of innovation and creativity in companies. It could be a competitive advantage for the entrepreneurs who apply them. They are important on the revenue level, e.g. in the creation of a new product and on the cost level, in streamlining the conduct of business. This article aims to analyze the application of super-deduction in tax due to R&D carried out by entrepreneurs in Slovakia from the first year and focuses on R&D in the Slovak Republic from 2015to 2018. Theoretical interpretations of R&D in legislative standards at transnational and national levels, different tax policies on innovation and gross domestic spending are defined at the outset. The theoretical background is important from the point of view of understanding the R&D in the conditions of the Slovak Republic, where the following quantitative research is carried out. As the main method of investigation, we used the quantitative analysis and comparison that we use to compare the increasing number of companies that used the R&D cost (expenditure) deduction in the context of legal form in the period considered for the years 2015 to 2018 and the amounts of applied super-deduction for individual types of companies. The performed quantitative analysis shows a weak use of the provided income tax relief in the form of super-deduction of costs in connection with the implementation of R&D by companies in Slovakia, despite the year-on-year growing trend. Due to the relative representation of individual legal forms of entities in Slovakia, according to our research, Limited Liability Companies apply a super-deduction of R&D costs annually in the period under review. The number of these entities is constantly growing, as is the amount of the super-deduction applied. Based on the findings, we can state that the increased percentage deduction rate had a positive effect on the motivation of entrepreneurs to apply incentives.

More...

Green supply chain – barriers and benefits of implementing the new management strategy – analysis of the empirical research

Author(s): Blanka Tundys / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The point of view of the considerations shows the main goal was to show the barriers, benefits, and motivators for taking action to build a new management strategy namely the green supply chain. To realize of the aims was used literature analysis, which let to the selections of the extracted factors, and their verifications were based on empirical research conducted in two industries: food and clothing manufacturers. The catalog of factors is the basis for consideration and recommendations for organizations and supply chains, what elements to avoid, or which ones may be a problem in creating the green supply chain, and on the contrary, and to shows they will be motivating for the implementation of the new business strategy.

More...

Non-financial reporting as a challenge for the contemporary accounting system

Author(s): Hanna Czaja-Cieszyńska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/1/2018

The purpose of the article is to analyse and evaluate the degree of development of non-financial information reporting in Poland with particular consideration given to the role of accounting as a generator of information in this scope. The following considerations serve as an input to the debate and, as a result, the author formulated the research hypothesis as follows: non-financial information reporting in Poland is in its early phase of development. In order to evaluate the actual state, the author carried out the quantitative analysis of nonfinancial reports published by Polish economic units in the international register kept by the GRI as well as in the Polish Register of Reports kept by CRSinfo. It appears from the study that obtaining comprehensive financial, non-financial, quantifiable and descriptive information requires moving away from treating accounting as a closed system and requires its development. In this context, social accounting, being a broader field in accounting, is getting more and more popular. Research methods applied in the study: literature studies, legal regulations analysis as well as the method of deductive reasoning and synthesis.

More...

Centralization of procurement – essence and current trends

Author(s): Joanna Drobiazgiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1/2018

The aim of the article is to evaluation of the idea centralizing procurement, its advantages and disadvantages and to indicate practical examples of the application of this strategy in the conditions of development of modern ICT technologies. At the beginning of the article the basic definitions are given: purchasing, procurement and sourcing, to contrast them. Next, the characteristics of the centralization of procurement were indicated by comparing it with decentralization. This part of the work also defines the advantages and disadvantages of procurement centralization. The next part of the article presents practical examples of the application of this strategy both in enterprises and in public administration. The conclusions were formulated at the final part of the article. The paper uses the methods of literature review, analysis, synthesis and case study. Article refers to studies aimed at assessing the validity of the application of the centralization of procurement in enterprises with many departments using modern ICT. The use of this form of purchasing organization brings positive results, as the analyzed examples of Orlen Capital Group or Gaz-System shown.

More...

Economic opportunities of radio-frequency identification technology usage in power distribution sector

Author(s): Wojciech Drożdż,Rene Kuczkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1/2018

The aim of the article was to present and analyze possible usage of Radio-Frequency Identification Technology in Polish Distribution System Operator company. Presentation of technology was focused on technology opportunities, principle of operation, other companies implementation and possibilities of usage in Polish electricity distribution market. Also some experience from pilot project were presented. Gathered experience led to choice of carrying out the SWOT analysis to identify possible threats and opportunities from implementing technology for the enterprise. Results showed, that the company should take further steps in Radio-Frequency technology implementation. Nevertheless, in order to confirm those analysis, more data should be gathered and once more analyzed.

More...

Sharing economy – challenges and regulatory requirements

Author(s): Piotr Ładny / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1/2018

The article presents the sharing/collaborative economy and the pillars on which the development of this phenomenon is based. On the example of Uber and Airbnb, the most important social and economic effects of this phenomenon are characterized. The reasons for taking regulatory actions in this sector were also indicated. Based on international experience, the principles of creating a legal framework for sharing economy were indicated.

More...

Knowledge transfer at universities: can technology transfer offices, business incubators and science and technology parks in Poland provide good support services?

Author(s): Katarzyna Łobacz / Language(s): English Issue: 4/1/2018

It has been widely recognised that technology transfer offices (TTOs), business incubators (BIs) and science & technology parks (STPs) – operating as university units – are a very important part of the commercialisation process of knowledge at universities. However results which are obtained through support services they provide doesn’t always satisfy expectations. Therefore the paper analyses challenges and barriers faced by TTOs, BIs and STPs, which affect results from provided services. The analysis is based on the square-shaped framework with mutually related factors distinguished, encompassing legal and organizational context of knowledge commercialization at public universities. The results suggest that both legal and environmental context as well as social relationships affect strongly results of university dependent TTOs, BIs and STPs.

More...

STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AVERAGE POLISH DAIRY FARMS IN THE CONDITIONS OF A SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET

Author(s): Andrzej Parzonko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The paper aims to achieve two objectives: 1) To determine the competitive potential of Polish dairy farms and assess the economic results they achieved compared to other European Union entities, 2) To determine and assess the economic effects of possible development directions (strategies) for average Polish dairy farms. The analyses show that the production and economic potential of dairy farms from the European Union countries, characterized by the largest increase in milk production in years 2005–2015, was very diverse. On average, in 2016, the total value of the fixed assets of a Danish agricultural holding was 16 times higher than the value of the fixed assets of a farm in Poland and the average net value added generated by a Polish farm in 2016 was over thirteen times lower compared to Danish farms. However, if we take into account the costs of engaging external factors of production (land, labour and capital), it turns out that Danish farms are losing their advantages. The simulations of three possible variants of development for an average Polish dairy farm showed that good economic results were generated by the variant in which the land was leased and farm holders got employment outside the farm. The variant, which assumed an increase in the number of dairy cows (from 15 to 30) and the resulting growth in milk production could potentially give a slightly higher total net income for the farm family in the first two years, but it was certainly more risky.

More...

Measuring the Impact of Inbound Tourists, Outbound Tourists and Overall Tourism Growth on Sustainable Ecological Footprint of ASEAN Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

Author(s): Khunanan Sukpasjaroen,Thitinan Chankoson / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The tourism industry is one of the most rapidly developing industries in the world and tourism in the Southeast Asian region has been developing in the past few years. The present study focuses on the data from the ASEAN region to study the association among the variables; inbound tourists, outbound tourists, tourism growth and ecological footprint. The period between 1995-2019 was the subject of study. The data for these indicators was extracted from the WDI. The econometric tools of heteroskedasticity, autocorrelation, unit root, cross-sectional dependence were applied in order to evaluate different dimensions of the data. In the estimation of regressors the panel corrected standard error and the one step system of generalized method of moments were used. The results of the estimations reveal that the effects of the regressors were significant. However, inbound tourism and tourism growth showed negative associations with the ecological footprints of the study units. The past and present studies show that the increase in the tourist activities decrease the ecological footprint and thereby increase the environmental quality of the economies. The present study is original and poses major contributions to the academic literature and also has policy making implications.

More...

Asymmetric Impacts of Macroeconomy on Environment Degradation in Thailand: A NARDL Approach

Author(s): Nartraphee Tancho,Thanaporn Sriyakul,Changjiang Tang / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The study aims to examine the asymmetric impacts of macroeconomic variables on environment degradation. For this purpose, the study utilizes the data of Thailand over the period of 1990-2018. Data are gathered from Global Economy. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test is used to check the data stationarity. Results of NARDL reveal non-linear impact of macroeconomic variables on environmental degradation. Results show that positive and negative shocks in macroeconomic variables have different contributions in environment degradation. It is concluded that there exists non-linear/asymmetric relationship among macroeconomic variables (foreign direct investment, trade openness, industrialization, economic growth, globalization) and environment degradation as one-unit change (increase/decrease) in macroeconomic variable(s) do not bring the same change in environment degradation.

More...

Environmental Effects of Mix Energies on the Most Polluted Asean Economies

Author(s): Thanaporn Sriyakul,Ruihui Pu,Thitinan Chankoson / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

The study aims to investigate the environmental effects of mix energies on the three most polluted countries of ASEAN economies. The study uses the data of the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand over the period of 1995-2017 as gathered from the World Bank and Global Economy. The study uses Brush Pagon LM and Pearson CD to test the cross-section dependence among variables while Levin et al. (2002) panel unit root test to check the stationary in the data. Westerlund (2007) cointegration and FMOLS tests are applied to analyze the long-run relationship. The result confirms the adverse environmental effects of fossil fuel electricity generation (FEG) and positive environmental effects of solar electricity generation (SEG), nuclear-power electricity generation (NEG), and geothermal electricity generation (GEG) on the ASEAN economies. Wind electricity generation (WEG) and hydroelectricity generation (HEG) do not significantly contribute to deteriorating the environment. The study suggests using GEG, WEG and SEG methods of producing electricity instead of FEG.

More...