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Impact of auditor tenure on audit quality: European evidence

Impact of auditor tenure on audit quality: European evidence

Author(s): Maria I. Kyriakou,Augustinos I. Dimitras / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This study examines the relationship of auditor tenure and audit quality in four European countries, namely Germany, France, Italy and Spain, with the innovative GMM (Generalized Methods of Moments) model during the period from 2005 to 2013. Two GMM methods are used with two alternative definitions of crisis – the main and the robustness method. The results agree regardless of the fact that some of the control variables are excluded in the robustness test. The results support the finding that in Spain, there is an impact of auditors’ long-term tenure on discretionary accruals, affecting auditors’ quality and independence indirectly. In addition, the crisis affected Germany and France as far as the change in negative and positive values of GDP is concerned. In this respect, the crisis affected the above two countries when the years before and after the crisis are considered as a robustness check. The results contain important implications for accountant regulators and policy makers.

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Combating money laundering and terrorism financing instructions in Jordan

Combating money laundering and terrorism financing instructions in Jordan

Author(s): Walid Muhammad Masadeh,Abdullah Tayel Al Hassan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This study aims to identify the extent of the response of operating banks in Jordan to the anti-money laundering and terrorism financing instructions set by the Central Bank of Jordan, and to enumerate the effectiveness of these sets of laws, the echelon of cooperation with the relevant government agencies and the impact of contiguous political and security conditions on the anti-money laundering and financing of terrorism. To attain the objectives of this study and to test its hypotheses, a descriptive analytical method was followed based on related data of the Central Bank instructions and the engaged procedures by operating banks to combat money laundering and financing of terrorism. Therefore, a questionnaire was designed and distributed to the managers of anti-money laundering departments in operating banks in Jordan. The study shows various outcomes, the most important is the high responding of operating banks in Jordan to the instructions of the anti-money laundering and terrorism financing issued by the Central Bank of Jordan. The existence of practical application of money laundering and terrorism financing instructions fights against money laundering and terrorism financing in banks in Jordan at a soaring level. In addition to the functional cooperation by the competent governmental authorities in the fight against money laundering and terrorism financing, this study introduces a set of recommendations to reinforce the cooperation level for every related party to achieve a high level of cooperation in the field of the anti-money laundering and financing terrorism.

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Does stock ownership impact liquidity and dividends?

Does stock ownership impact liquidity and dividends?

Author(s): Ghaith El-Nader / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This study investigates the interactions among stock ownership, liquidity and dividends in the UK stock market over the period 2002–2016. Using different liquidity measures, it is shown that stocks with higher levels of free float (institutional ownership) are associated with higher (lower) levels of liquidity. In addition, a positive and significant relation is found between institutional ownership and dividend payout policy, which, as a result, highlights the comparative tax advantages that UK institutions have for dividend income. These relations hold even after controlling for firm-specific characteristics. Finally, a negative relation is found between dividends and liquidity, implying that investors with less (more) liquid stocks are more (less) likely to receive dividend payments.

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The moderating effect of shareholder features on dividend disbursement: evidence from Indonesia

The moderating effect of shareholder features on dividend disbursement: evidence from Indonesia

Author(s): Novi Swandari Budiarso,Winston Pontoh / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The objective of this study is to give an empirical evidence of relationship between features of ownership structures and dividend disbursement in context of bird in the hand and catering theories. The study uses 241 listed firms as the sample, which were drawn from Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period from 2010 to 2015. Under condition that dividend policy is not moderated by ownership features, dividend policy for firms with multi-institutional, single institutional, and state are fit in context of bird in the hand theory and catering theory. Under condition that dividend policy is moderated by ownership features, this study finds that dividend policy for firms with state ownership is not fit both in context of bird in the hand theory and catering theory. Specifically, the study finds that firms with features of: (1) multi-institutional, single individual, and public; (2) multi-institutional, multi-individual, and public; and (3) single institutional, and public are fit with bird in the hand theory. Furthermore, this study finds that catering theory is not fit for firms with basic features of multi-institutional and state ownership, but it is fit for firms with features of single institutional, single individual, and public ownership.

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The relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management: accounting for endogeneity

The relationship between corporate social responsibility and earnings management: accounting for endogeneity

Author(s): Hyunjung Choi,Byungchul Choi,Jungyoon Byun / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

This study examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management after controlling for endogeneity of CSR. Using a sample of non-financial firms listed on Korean Securities Market between 2002 and 2010, this study finds that ignoring endogeneity biases the estimated relation between CSR and earnings management. Specifically, the results show that the negative and significant relation between CSR commitment and discretionary accruals reported in the previous studies becomes insignificant. However, the negative and significant relation between CSR commitment and real activities manipulation remains significant even when the endogeneity of CSR commitment is taken into account. Therefore, this study provides evidence that proactive CSR engagement significantly affects firm’s practice of real activities manipulation, while it does not affect its practice of discretionary accruals. These results indicate that CSR commitment leads managers to be more responsible in management of operational activities than in accruals management.

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Impact of Bank Reform on the Quality of Financial Statement of Selected Nigerian Banks

Impact of Bank Reform on the Quality of Financial Statement of Selected Nigerian Banks

Author(s): Khadijat Adenola Yahaya,Sekinat Kehinde Salaudeen / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2017

The formulation and implementation of policies and reforms by government that will satisfy the conflicting interests of all and sundry will virtually result in an utopian state of nature. Therefore, this study believes that the 2005 reform in the Nigerian banking sector should not have been an exception. This study assessed the impact of the reform on the quality of financial position of the post-2005 banks. Accounting ratios were computed from the secondary data obtained from the 2006–2012 annual reports issued by four (4) judgmentally sampled banks. Correlation and regression analysis were carried out on the data. Results indicated that the post consolidation interest of the stakeholders (shareholders, employees, business contacts, depositors and government) are conflicting; and that all stakeholder interests, except that of the shareholders, have a positive relationship with the employee interest. It is therefore recommended that the management of the banks should mediate carefully among the stakeholders in the allocation of the banks funds to achieve maximization of their firms’ value.

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TARIMSAL FAALİYETLERİN ULUSLARARASI KAMU MUHASEBE STANDARDI IPSAS-27’YE GÖRE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

TARIMSAL FAALİYETLERİN ULUSLARARASI KAMU MUHASEBE STANDARDI IPSAS-27’YE GÖRE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Nusret YAZICI / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 18/2018

The agricultural sector, which is one of the featured sectors, is also one of the areas where financial information and valuation are problematic. It is important to provide accurate and complete disclosure of the financial information in the agricultural sector, which is dominated and controlled by the government. Therefore, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have been published for both private and public sectors. International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) are designed to be used in the preparation of financial statements of public institutions and to improve the quality of financial reporting. The purpose of this study is to study the IPSAS 27 Agricultural Standard and examine the problems that may arise in practice.

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Inventory management, cost of capital and firm performance: evidence from manufacturing firms in Jordan

Inventory management, cost of capital and firm performance: evidence from manufacturing firms in Jordan

Author(s): Ashraf Mohammad Salem Alrjoub,Muhannad Akram Ahmad / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Several studies have examined the relationship between inventory management and firm performance. However, most of these studies ignore the impact of inventory types on the relationship. Moreover, the relationship is influenced by some factors such as cost of capital which has not been considered. This study examines the moderating effect of cost of capital on the relationship between inventory types and firm performance. The data of 48 firms for the period 2010-2016 which formed 279 firm-year observations were used in this study. With the use of Pearson correlation and panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation, the findings show that inventory management with consideration of its types influence firm performance in the long term. In addition, it is also found that cost of capital moderates the relationship between inventory management and firm performance. However, the interaction between cost of capital and inventory types has different implications. It is suggested that firms should consider cost of capital when making decision on inventory types and align their inventory control to fit in to the changes in their business environment.

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BİST’DE İŞLEM GÖREN ULAŞTIRMA SEKTÖRÜNDEKİ FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANS ANALİZLERİ: MOORA ve VIKOR UYGULAMA

BİST’DE İŞLEM GÖREN ULAŞTIRMA SEKTÖRÜNDEKİ FİRMALARIN FİNANSAL PERFORMANS ANALİZLERİ: MOORA ve VIKOR UYGULAMA

Author(s): Umut Tolga Gümüş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 41/2019

Financial performance analysis of enterprises is known to be important in today's developing economic environment and financial markets. Although there are many companies in the transportation sector operating in our country, it is seen that only eight firms are traded in the stock market and this sector is left behind in a little bit. However, analyzing the financial performance of the enterprises operating in this sector is important for both investors and business operators.In this study, multidimensional decision-making methods were applied which allow sorting between alternatives. In this study, financial performance of the enterprises operating in the transportation sector were analyzed by VIKOR and MOORA methods which are one of the most critical decision making methods and their results were tried to be formed. In the scope of the study, financial ratios of the companies operating in the transportation sector in 2016 and 2017 were analyzed and financial ratios were subjected to VIKOR and MOORA analyzes. As a result of the analyzes conducted with both methods, the results of the ranking were interpreted as a result of the literature studies and financial performance criteria.

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KOMBINOVANI OBLICI PRILAGOĐAVANJA TRAŽNJI U ISTOJ ZONI ZAPOSLENOSTI

KOMBINOVANI OBLICI PRILAGOĐAVANJA TRAŽNJI U ISTOJ ZONI ZAPOSLENOSTI

Author(s): Mehmed Meta / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13 (1)/2014

Production costs are one of the basic elements of company’s business success. In their quest to reduce operating costs to objectively conditioned level, the companies’ production management undertakes different organizational and business operations both in production and in other segments of their business. Qualitative and quantitative adapting to changes within the existing and the potential demands represents a huge task for the company management. To the variations (increase or decrease) in demand for the output which is produced, companies may adapt in different manners. Within the framework of the installed capacity, if the demand increases this can be done by increasing the number of operating machines and increased use of variable inputs of the activated machines, which until then had been kept in reserve, demand (quantitative adjustment model within the same area of employment), increased intensity of the use of existing capacity (intensive adjustment) or by introduction of overtime or multi-shift work (time-adjustment model). Without diminishing the theoretical and practical importance of application of these models’ production adaptation (intensive, temporal and quantitative forms of adjustment in the same employment area) of enterprises in their pure form, in this paper we will emphasise the cost and profit implications of the combined use of quantitative models of production adaptation within the same employment zone and intensive forms of adaptation. This means that in the event of a decrease in demand, enterprises in certain parts of their capacity will quantitatively adapt and exclude the machines kept in reserve, and in other parts of their capacity will apply intensive form of adaptation.

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DETERMINANTS OF THE PERCEIVED INTERNSHIP EFFECTIVENESS: EXPLORING STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES

DETERMINANTS OF THE PERCEIVED INTERNSHIP EFFECTIVENESS: EXPLORING STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES

Author(s): Diana Ivana / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Internships are increasingly important for the business higher education as they help students to make the connection between their academic studies and the world of business. This study analyzes the internships of students within an international study program (German line of study) in order to determine what factors account for the most valuable internship experience. Based on the elements of the experiential education approach, the results reveal some characteristics that contribute to a higher level of perceived internship effectiveness in accordance with the employment status and gender. These results provide a basis for designing successful internship programs in business universities.

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Transitions Online_News-Around the Bloc-Romania’s Antiquated Road System Gets One Meter Longer
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Transitions Online_News-Around the Bloc-Romania’s Antiquated Road System Gets One Meter Longer

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 03/26/2019

A fast-food chain owner opened a road to nowhere in a bid to jumpstart the country’s flagging highway construction program.

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A Lesson in Valuation from Estonia: The Difference Between the Fundamental Value of Equity Under Distributed and Traditional Profit Taxation Systems

A Lesson in Valuation from Estonia: The Difference Between the Fundamental Value of Equity Under Distributed and Traditional Profit Taxation Systems

Author(s): Mark Kantšukov,Priit Sander / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Corporate value creation and management are one of the key issues for any business enterprise. A gap exists in research into the implications of the distributed profit taxation (DPT) system in Estonia for corporate value creation. Under the Estonian system of corporate taxation, companies need not pay income tax on undistributed earnings, allowing them to postpone income tax liability indeterminately. This theoretical paper compares the relationship between a company’s equity value and taxation of profits under traditional (or classical) (TPT) and DPT systems. A TPT system is a system where the amount of corporate income tax is determined by the profit the company earned during the taxation period. We show that fundamental equity value under a DPT system should be higher vis-à-vis equity value under a TPT system (ceteris paribus). To illustrate this, we use a dividend discount model and values from a hypothetical company. The equity value under DPT is also higher when financial leverage is considered. The results suggest that conventional valuation models and their inputs should be adjusted when valuing Estonian companies. Ignoring these adjustments runs the risk of undervaluing the equity of Estonian companies, as well as the equity of companies operating under similar tax regimes.

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Working Capital Management and its Influence on Profitability and Sustainable Growth

Working Capital Management and its Influence on Profitability and Sustainable Growth

Author(s): Pambayun Kinasih Yekti Nastiti,Apriani Dorkas Rambu Atahau,Supramono Supramono / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This study aims to test the effect of working capital management on firms’ profitability and the effect of this relationship on sustainable growth. Our sample firms are 136 manufacturing firms listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2017. We use data panel regression with fixed effect estimation model to analyze our data. The results demonstrate that working capital significantly affects firms’ profitability. However, working capital management does not exhibit a significant direct influence on sustainable growth but a significant indirect influence through firms’ profitability. Thus, this study suggests that firms need to manage their working capital to increase their profits and eventually to achieve sustainable growth. This study contributes by including sustainable growth in the analysis of the relationship between working capital and firm performance. In addition, this study will likely contribute to managers in efforts to increase sustainable growth for their enterprises through working capital management.

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Measuring Internal Auditor’s Intention to Blow the Whistle (A Quasi-Experiment of Internal Auditors in the Local Government)

Measuring Internal Auditor’s Intention to Blow the Whistle (A Quasi-Experiment of Internal Auditors in the Local Government)

Author(s): Abdul Hamid Habbe,Syarifuddin Rasyid,Hermita Arif,Iskandar Muda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This study measures the cognitive moral development and tests its interaction with antecedent variables of prosocial behaviour such as fraud level, the status of person committing fraud and cohesiveness in affecting the willingness of internal auditors of local government (APIPs) to be a whistleblower. Quasi-experiment between subject design using pattern of 3×2×2×2 and 2×2 full factorial was employed in this research. The participants involved were internal auditors of 24 local governments in South Sulawesi which were divided into 18 groups. The data were analysed using ANOVA and t-test. The results of this study showed that based on the Cognitive Moral Development (CMD), majority of the internal auditors were categorised as pragmatic, the least number were autonomous, while accommodation was in between of both. Moreover, the intention of APIP to whistleblow was found high though insignificantly different among the three categories of CMD. Similarly, the different was insignificant among the variance of fraud level, the status of person committing fraud, and cohesiveness. The interaction between CMD and treatment variables resulted insignificant figure, except for the interaction between CMD and the fraud level which indicated significant result. Generally, it can be concluded that APIPs have a high intention to blow, but the intention will differ when their CMD interact with the fraud level and cohesiveness.

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Higher Education Offshoring as an Innovative Response to Global Learning Challenges

Author(s): Damian Kedziora,Elżbieta Klamut,Timo Karri,Andrzej Kraslawski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The wide implementation of service offshoring strategies worldwide has been visible and studied mainly in such business domains as information technology, accounting, human resource management and customer care centres. Nonetheless, transferring processes to offshore locations has also been implemented in the higher education sector. Responding to demographic, social and globalization challenges, renowned universities seek for innovative solutions that shall enhance quality and attractiveness of their operations, while strengthening their competitive advantage. The paper examines the case of an American university that conducts degree programmes in European offshore locations, in the light of differences between higher education and standard business offshoring.

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Относно законната лихва при прихващане на изпълнението

Относно законната лихва при прихващане на изпълнението

Author(s): Zahary Tormanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This article discusses the issue of how to discharge an obligation for payment of statutory default interest, where a borrower pays an amount that is not enough to cover both the principal and the interest. There are two standpoints set up in the Bulgarian case law. The first one says that statutory interest and principal shall be paid under Art. 76(1) of the Contracts and Obligations Act (COA), i.e. both obligations should be paid by order of their burden for the borrower, i.e. the time of their occurrence, accordingly. The other standpoint says that statutory default interest should be paid under Art. 76(2) COA, i.e. in this order of priority – expenses, interests, principal. The author stands for and speaks in favour of the second assumption. The main argument in support of his thesis is the fact that it is not justified to treat the defaulting borrower favourably rather than the innocent borrower, who owes the rewarding interest.

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IMPLEMENTACIJA OPCIJA O POSEBNIM ZAHTJEVIMA REVIZIJE SUBJEKATA OD JAVNOG INTERESA IZ UREDBE (EU) br. 537/2014: PRIMJENA U ZEMLJAMA ČLANICAMA

Author(s): Josipa Grbavac,Marko Čular,Ivana Perica / Language(s): Croatian Issue: XXIV/2018

The audit framework of the each EU country should be harmonized with the Directive 2014/56/EU and Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 relating to the specificity of performing a statutory audit of public interest entities. EU member states shall adopt appropriate provisions to ensure the effective application of the Regulation. Within the Regulation, EU member states are given numerous options for selecting options available for use in their local implementation. The aim of the research is to make a comparative analysis between the EU Member States with regard to the implementation of options on special requirements for auditing of public interest entities from the Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014 to identify key differences and similarities between EU Member States, using the following benchmarking criteria: definition of public interest entities in EU member states, rotation of auditors or audit firms and major partners, provision of non-audit services, structure of auditing fees received from public interest entities and audit reporting. Using desk research method, we analyzed the inspection frame of 28 EU member states and for the application of that used options on the specific requirements of the audit of public interest entities in the Regulation (EU) No. 537/2014. Based on the audit framework analysis of EU member states, it can be concluded that the Regulation transposition has resulted in regulatory differences.

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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CORPORATE ANNUAL REPORTS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE US COMPANIES

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CORPORATE ANNUAL REPORTS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE US COMPANIES

Author(s): Renáta Myšková,Petr Hájek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Achieving competitive advantage is becoming increasingly difficult in today's rapidly changing environment, and it is increasingly related to differentiation among competing companies. This concerns not only quality of products and economic results but also company’s visibility as such. One way to present a responsible approach to entrepreneurship is via corporate social responsibility (CSR) – presenting this not only to company owners but also to other stakeholders, especially external ones. Potential investors can also be approached in this way. The total of 1380 listed US companies have been assessed as part of this research in 2014, both in terms of selected financial indicators and information they have published concerning their CSR activities. The aim was to find out which areas of CSR are presented by companies in their annual reports and whether a greater incidence of CSR information correlates with the selected financial indicators, which include company’s market value and bankruptcy risk. For this purpose, a CSR dictionary was used. Four areas were evaluated: the environment, social community, human rights, and employee welfare. We demonstrate that companies with favorable financial performance show an emphasis on these areas. This finding has important implications for all stakeholders.

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IS A TAX SHIELD REALLY A FUNCTION OF NET INCOME, INTEREST RATE, DEBT AND TAX RATE? EVIDENCE FROM SLOVAK COMPANIES

IS A TAX SHIELD REALLY A FUNCTION OF NET INCOME, INTEREST RATE, DEBT AND TAX RATE? EVIDENCE FROM SLOVAK COMPANIES

Author(s): Tomáš Klieštik,Lucia Michalkova,Mária Kováčová / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Existence of tax shields as a result of taxable expenditures is a significant factor determining profitability and rentability of enterprises. In the long-term horizon, it represents a relevant and a significant generator of corporate value. The aim of the present paper is to propose, quantify and validate a comprehensive model to identify the determinants of the value of the interest tax shield in the conditions of Slovak Republic. The model was developed based on a multiple linear regression analysis, the conditions of multicollinearity of explaining variables, homoscedasticity, autocorrelation and normality of residuals were tested. Input data were obtained from the financial statements of the year 2017 of more than 6,000 Slovak companies. Using the proposed model, we found that the value of tax shield is lower than the product of the debt value and the tax rate, which is symptomatic for imperfect markets. Stemming from these results we can state that reclassification of Slovak economy considering the positive development of traditional macroeconomic indicators, using a simple comparative analysis in the context of dynamic development of the emerging markets, is not correct. Slovak economy has the status of the so-called emerging economy sui generis, which forms a platform to verify a wide range of economic mechanisms and functionalities with respect to the identified particularity.

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