Обичаи и обреди, свързани с бременността и раждането на дете при българи, турци и роми в Кубратския край

Author(s): Sevim Kurtchu / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

This work is focused on customs and rituals associated with pregnancy and childbirth of inhabitants of 16 villages in Kubrat area. Using the published materials and ethnograpfical materials collected during field work (2007 – 2013) the author reveals in a comparative terms birth customs of various ethnic and confessional groups – Bulgarians, Turks ( Alevi and Sunni ) and Roma ( Christians and Muslims ) . The author compare the rituals connected to infertility , pregnancy, birth and 40 – day postpartum period .

За татарите от Североизточна България и техните забравени гласове

Author(s): Veneta Yankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This article aims to provide unknown information about the traditional culture of the Tatars from Northeastern Bulgaria. This ethnic community today is experiencing a process of active linguistic and cultural assimilation. The text analyses the two main cases. The first illustrates the role of the science and the work of researchers as an important tool against forgetting. The second provides the so-called аutosanction. In this example it means suppression and destruction of relics, which are valuable ethno-cultural characteristics of the community. The observations are the result of the analysis of publications in Hungarian ethnographic editions, of fieldwork in the region of Dobrich (Dobrich, Onogur, Yovkovo) and of archival work.

W kręgu różnic i nieporozumień. Zachód i państwa Wschodu wobec wyzwania budowy wspólnej narracji o dziejach Europy w XX wieku

Author(s): Tomasz Stryjek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The essay concerns attempts to shape a common narrative about the history of Europe in the 1939–1991 period made by representatives of the Western Europe and the region of Central and Eastern Europe (East) since the fall of communism and collapse of the Eastern Bloc. It shows at the beginning the encounter and next the clash between two different historical experiences and narratives of West and East, and as a result the growing misunderstandings. The author distinguishes three strategies of the politics of memory used by the Eastern states internally and toward neighbors: historical reconciliation, transitional justice and national identity politics of memory. The author analyzes how the latter prevailed in the post-Yugoslav states in 1990s and in the states located on the Timothy Snyder's Bloodlands in the second decade of 21st century. Of a special subject of analysis are the two most explosive contemporary memory conflicts in the region: Serbian-Croatian and Polish-Ukrainian. The author shows how these conflicts developed in the conditions of a growing lack of understanding of the East by the West. The West representatives in the EU did not fully admit the postulates to change the common historical narrative in Europe put forward by the representatives of the East. Neither the entire EU nor its old member states did take a position on the disputes over memory between the Eastern states. As a result these conflicts linger and the prospects for ending them are weak.

Humour and ex-Yugoslav nations:

Author(s): Željko Pavić,Nataša Krivokapić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This study explores the issue of humour stereotyping between ex-Yugoslav nations, its veridicality and possible explanations. Three research questions were put forward related to humour stereotyping and the differences in humour production, use and appreciation between the countries, with Hofstede’s model of culture as a possible explanatory framework. The survey data were collected on a sample of university students from four ex-Yugoslav countries (N = 611). The results revealed strong negative humour stereotyping toward Croats and Slovenians and positive stereotyping toward Bosnians. However, only about 0–4 per cent of the variance in humour production, use and appreciation, depending on the sub-scales of the Multidimensional Sense of Humour Scale, could be attributed to group (country) membership, thus indicating low correspondence between the stereotypes and reality. The study results concerning the stereotypes were interpreted by evoking the discourse of Balkanism, as well as humour-style differences in popular culture between the countries.

Book review

Author(s): Şenay Yavuz Görkem / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

SHORT NOTES/GENERAL WORKS

Author(s): Maria Cieśla,Antoni Grabowski,Bartosz Kaliski,Adam Kożuchowski,Grzegorz Krzywiec,Rafał Rutkowski,Hubert Wilk / Language(s): English Issue: 120/2019

General works: Wspólne dziedzictwo. Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów w polskiej, litewskiej i ukraińskiej historiografii XIX – XXI wieku [Common Legacy. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Polish, Ukrainian, and Lithuanian Historiography from the Nineteenth till the Twenty-First Century], ed. by Mariola Hoszowska, Joanna Pisulińska, Paweł Sierżęga and Leonid Zaszkilniak, University of Rzeszów Press, Rzeszów, 2019, 283 pp. Żydzi polscy w oczach historyków [Polish Jews in Historical Research], ed. by Adam Kaźmierczyk and Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska, Jagiellonian University Press, Kraków, 2018, 263 pp., index of persons Urszula Glensk, Hirszfeldowie. Zrozumieć krew [The Hirszfeld Family. Understanding the Blood], Universitas, Kraków, 2018, 496 pp., photos Marek Górlikowski, Noblista z Nowolipek. Józefa Rotblata wojna o pokój [A Nobel Prize-Winner from Nowolipki Street. Joseph Rotblat’s War for Peace], Wydawnictwo Znak, Kraków, 2018, 507 pp., index Jacek Małczyński, Krajobrazy Zagłady. Perspektywa historii środowiskowej [Landscapes of the Holocaust. A Perspective into Environmental History], Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, Warszawa, 2018, 247 pp., bibliog., ills. Anna M. Brzezińska, Spór o średniowiecze. Z rozważań nad tożsamością kulturową Europy: Jacques Le Goff, Jerzy Kłoczowski, Aron Gurie wicz [A Dispute Over the Middle Ages. Considerations on Europe’s Cultural Identity: Jacques Le Goff, Jerzy Kłoczowski, Aron Gurevich], Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź, 2018, 216 pp., bibliog., index of persons Stanisław Rosik, Sylwia Jędrzejewska, and Karol Kollinger (eds.), Hierofanie, wierzenia, obrzędy… Kultura symboliczna w średniowieczu między pogaństwem a chrześcijaństwem [Hierophanies, Beliefs, Rituals: The Symbolic Culture in the Middle Ages, between Paganism and Christianity], Materiały V Kongresu Mediewistów Polskich [Materials of the Fifth Congress of Polish Medievalists], ii, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Rzeszów, 2018, 252 pp., ills., English summary Andrzej Buko (ed.), Początki chrześcijaństwa na pograniczu mazowiecko- ruskim [The Origins of Christianity at the Masovian-Rus’sian Borderland], Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, Warszawa, 2019, 388 pp. Janusz Lewandowicz, Klasztory, mnisi, mniszki. Obraz życia monastycznego w „Registrum epistularum” Grzegorza Wielkiego na tle prawa cesarskiego i kościelnego [Monasteries, Monks and Nuns. The Image of Monastic Life in Gregory the Great’s Registrum epistularum, in the Context of the Imperial and Ecclesiastical Law], Wydawnictwo Benedyktynów, Tyniec, 2018, 440 pp., Latin, Polish, and Greek material indices, index of names and sources, bibliog Antoni Grabowski, The Construction of Ottonian Kingship. Narratives and Myth in Tenth-Century Germany, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam, 2018, 294 pp. Piotr Okniński, Narodziny miasta komunalnego. Struktury ustrojowe, ramy przestrzenne i podstawy gospodarcze Krakowa w XIII wieku [The Birth of a Municipal City. Institutional Structures, Spatial Framework and Economic Foundations of Cracow in the 13th Century], Instytut Historii PAN, Warszawa, 2018, 204 pp. Karol IV Luksemburski [Charles IV of Luxembourg], Liber de gestis meis, translated into Polish by Magdalena Nowakowska, with an introduction, afterword, notes, and bibliography by Anna Paner, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego, Gdańsk, 2019, 178 pp., index of names, bibliog.; series: Fontes rerum Bohemicarum Najdawniejsze przywileje królewskie miasta Bielska z XV i XVI w. [The Earliest Royal Privileges Granted to the Town of Bielsk from the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries], ed. by Waldemar Bukowski and Dorota Michaluk, Muzeum Rolnictwa im. ks. Krzysztofa Kluka, Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych, Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Podlaskiego – Departament Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego, Ciechanowiec, Warszawa and Białystok, 2018, 115 pp., ills., source texts in Latin and Ruthenian, and as translated into Polish (by Waldemar Bukowski, Krzysztof Pawłowski, Jarosław Zawadzki, and Krzysztof Pietkiewicz); series: Lokacje miast podlaskich Wojciech Tygielski, Dylematy włoskiego emigranta. Giovanni Battista Jacobelli (1603–1697), śpiewak i kapelan nadworny, kanonik warmiński [Dilemmas of an Italian Emigré. Giovanni Battista Jacobelli (1603–97), Singer and Court Chaplain, Canon of Warmia], Muzeum Pałacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie, Warszawa, 2019, 443 pp.; series: Silva Rerum Kirill A. Kochegarov, Ukraina i Rossiia vo vtoroi polovine XVII veka: politika, diplomatiia, kul’tura. Ocherki [Ukraine and Russia in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century: Politics, Diplomatic Service, Culture. Studies], Kvadriga, Moskva, 2019, 424 pp. Joanna Schmidt, Zdrowie mieszczan w dobie oświecenia: polityka zdrowotna właścicieli miast prywatnych z pogranicza polsko-litewskiego [The Health of Burghers in the Time of Enlightenment: Health Policies of Owners of Private Towns in the Polish-Lithuanian Borderland], Książnica Podlaska im. Łukasza Górnickiego, Białystok, 2018, 165 pp. Sejm Niemy: między mitem a reformą państwa [The ‘Silent Sejm’: Between a Myth and the State Reform], ed. by Michał Zwierzykowski, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa, 2019, bibliog., 407 pp Antologia okolicznościowej poezji politycznej bezkrólewia i wojny o tron polski (1733–1735) [Anthology of Commemorative Political Poetry From the Period of Interregnum and the War for the Throne of Poland, 1733–35], ed. by Rafał Niedziela, Towarzystwo Wydawnicze Historia Iagellonica, Kraków, 2019, 281 pp. Między Konstytucją a Targowicą: korespondencja i pisma polityczne prymasa Michała Jerzego Poniatowskiego [Between the Constitution and Targowica: Correspondence and Political Writings of Primate Michał Jerzy Poniatowski], ed. by Angela Sołtys, Rambler, Warszawa, 2018, 209 pp. Adam Mieczysław Skałkowski, Aleksander Wielopolski w świetle archiwów rodzinnych, i: Margrabiego lata przedhistoryczne, ii: Margrabiego i Polski tragedia [Aleksander Wielopolski in the Light of Family archives, i: The Margrave’s Prehistoric Years; ii: The Tragedy of the Margrave and Poland], with an introduction and by ed. Mariusz Nowak, PIW, Warszawa, 2019, 411 + 512 pp. Franciszka Ramotowska, Warszawa przed-styczniowa. Przebudzenie: “rewolucja moralna” [Warsaw Before January 1863. The Awakening: A ‘Moral Revolution’], ed. by Dorota Lewandowska and Małgorzata Osiecka, Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Warszawa, 2018, 312 pp. Maria Konopka, Polski rynek wydawniczy Lwowa w dobie autonomii galicyjskiej [The Polish Publishing Market in Lviv at the Time of Galician Autonomy], Universitas, Kraków, 2018, 437 pp., English summary, index of persons Teresa Chylińska, Karol Szymanowski. Romans, którego nie było. Między Tymoszówką i Wierzbówką [Karol Szymanowski: a Love Story That Never Happened. Between Tymoszówka and Wierzbówka], Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, Kraków, 2018, 300 pp. Brigitte Gautier and Maciej Urbanowski (eds.), Zagadkowy Ksawery Pruszyński [Ksawery Pruszyński the Enigmatic], Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków, 2018, 180 pp., index of persons; series: Francuski Łącznik Czesław Brzoza, Żydzi Krakowa międzywojennego. Kalendarium [The Jews in the Interwar Cracow. A Timeline], Towarzystwo Wydawnicze Historia Iagellonica, Kraków, 2018, 826 pp., bibliog., index of persons, list of abbreviations Adam Danek, Demokracja nacjonalistyczna. O myśli politycznej Zygmunta Cybichowskiego [A Nationalist Democracy. Zygmunt Cybichowski’s Political Thought], Ośrodek Myśli Politycznej, Kraków, 2018, 411 pp., bibliog., index Robert Rudnicki, Wiesław Ignacy Renke (1912–1944). Życie i działalność kierownika politycznego Obozu Narodowego [Wiesław Ignacy Renke (1912–44), His Life and Activities as Political Leader of the National Camp], Prohibita, Warszawa, 2018, 349 pp., ills., bibliog., index Patryk Tomaszewski, Uniwersytet Stefana Batorego w Wilnie w latach 1919–1939. Studium z dziejów organizacji i postaw ideowych studentów [The Stephen Báthory University in Vilnius, 1919–39. A Study in the History of Its Organisation and Ideological Attitudes of Its Students], Wydawnictwo Naukowe Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń, 2018, 615 pp., bibliog., list of abbreviations, index of persons, ills., tables, English and Russian summary

Studium przypadku beludżystańskiego ruchu narodowowyzwoleńczego w Pakistanie

Author(s): Wioletta Bogusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The paper aims to analyze the development of national and liberation organizations in Baluchistan. The author attempts to answer the following questions: Why had pakistanyiat become obligatory to all people wanting to live in Pakistan? What were the reasons behind the formation of the Baluchistan National Movement, the Baloch Liberation Front, and the Liberation Army? What does the Baloch society expect from the authorities? The study was based on a critical review of the literature and other available and valuable sources such as Jinnah’s speeches. Another method used in the study was a synthesis that allowed the author to form conclusions. Studying Baluchistan means limited access to sources and materials since traveling to the land of Baluchistan is restricted by specific rules, and one can only visit the place under certain circumstances. Research on Baluchistan is relevant for studies of national liberation movements and current internal conflicts.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА МАЈЧИНСТВА У РОМАНУ „ВОЉЕНА“ ТОНИ МОРИСОН

Author(s): Jelena M. Abula / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 74/2021

This paper will examine the concept of motherhood in the light of black feminism in Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved. Morrison, one of the most prominent writers of the 20th century, is trying to present the development of the African- American community and the institution of motherhood in a society characterized by meaningless divisions between race, class and gender. Slavery problematizes the concept of motherhood which represents a connection of conflicting views shaped by different attitudes towards race, gender and class. Therefore, Morrison uses the suppressed voices of African-American mothers to address the problematic concept of motherhood in slavery. The paper explores the complexity of slavery and its influence on motherhood, the powerful ideology through which the Afro-American tradition is transferred, and it also outlines motherhood as a dominant motif that connects the female characters in Beloved.

Representations of Indian ascetics: from Johann Martin Honigberger’s memoir to early twentieth century Romanian newspapers and journals

Author(s): Ayusman Chakraborty,Dana Radler / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In recent times, Indian ascetics have become pop icons due to the influence of visual entertainment media. Outside their country of origin, they are often negatively stereotyped to foster derogatory understandings of the Others and their cultures. In this paper, we will focus on representations of Indian ascetics. Starting with their early depictions in the memoir of the Transylvanian physician Dr Honigberger, we will examine their representations in Romanian newspapers and journals. In order to account for Romanian interest in ascetics from a faraway land, this paper will take into consideration the historical developments that led to the growth of European interest in them. Through a comparison between nineteenth century British (Osborne 1840) and East-European (Honigberger 1851, 1852) writings on Indian ascetics, we will try to understand whether conceptualization of Indian ascetics in Romanian-speaking territories differed in any way from that of the British colonizers in India. The paper will then move on to examine how the Romanian press conceptualized these ascetics. Evidences point to the fact that the Romanian press became interested in Indian ascetics, erroneously generalized as fakirs, from ca. 1900 to 1940. Analysing Romanian journal and magazine articles on Indian fakirs, which till now remain untranslated into English, this article will try to show how the Romanian press conceived of the ascetics of a faraway country. Our research methodology is based on text analysis, relying on a broader cultural perspective. For the purpose of this paper, we have selected a series of article samples, taking into consideration diversity in terms of regions (southern Romania and Transylvania), as well as the most relevant period (1906-1935). The interest in Indian sadhus and their doings basically emerged starting with the mid-nineteenth century. Yet over the following decades accounts have changed in terms of focus. While nineteenth century authors were primarily concerned with the physical aspects of their work, texts written in the first decades of the twentieth century suggest that journalists and writers generally looked at the more surprising and entertaining side of fakirs’ actions. Finally, the paper suggests why Romanian press lost interest in Indian ascetics after the 1940s.

Подкрепата на българската държава за сънародниците в Голо Бърдо в периода между двете световни войни

Author(s): Svetlozar Eldarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

The text presents and analyzes documents and materials related to the Bulgarians from the Golloborda Region in Albania in the period 1918 – 1939, from the funds of the Directorate of Religious Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Religions and the Bulgarian Embassy in Tirana. In these letters, reports and documents set out the problems of the Bulgarians in Albania in the period between the two World Wars, they contain detailed statistics, recommendations and guidelines to improve the state of our compatriots who remained on Albanian territory.

Трудова миграция на българите към Урал и Сибир и българската общност в гр. Сургут (1970 – 2022 г.)

Author(s): Julia Popcheva,Mila Maeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The present study focuses on the labour mobility and settlement of Bulgarian citizens in Siberia and the Urals in the period between 1980-2022. The Bulgarian community in the city of Surgut, Tyumen region, is cited as an example. The research is based on archival and field materials and was conducted in the period from September 2019 – September 2022. It is a part of the research project “Bulgarians in the Urals and Siberia in the 20th – 21st centuries: history, culture, identity”, financed by the “NationalScience Fund” under contract KP-06-Russia-2 – 27.09.2019, within the framework of the bilateral cooperation program Bulgaria – Russia (2018 – 2022).

От Молдовския Кортен до Алтай и обратно в Тарутино, Украйна. „Голямата“ тема за съветските депортации в „малките“ истории на българите от Бесарабия. 1.

Author(s): Galin Georgiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The present study once again directs the interest to the topic of deportations, or the so-called moving-away in the vernacular tongue, of Bulgarians from Bessarabia to the regions of the Urals and Siberia, and also in other remote parts of the USSR in the 1940s and 1950s, as a result of the policy of collectivization and the related repressions. The study was implemented in relation to a project of the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with the Ethnographic Museum – BAS, named“Bulgarians in the Urals and Siberia in the 20th – 21st centuries: history, culture, identity”, financed by the “National Science Fund” under contract KP-06-Russia-2 –27.09.2019, within the framework of the bilateral cooperation program Bulgaria –Russia (2018 - 2022) and the Russian Fund for Fundamental Research (Российскийфонд фондументальных иследование) – project Number 19-59-18003. The author of the study conducted field ethnographic research in the town of Tarutino, Odesa region, Ukraine, where in 1958-1959, in several waves, some of the 80 families fromCorten, Moldova– previously deported to Siberia in 1949, returned and settled. Along with the percentage of deported families, a special impression in the case under consideration is made by their compact settlement in several vicinities of the Altai krai, as well as their return and reestablishment in the same place altogether – in the present-day city of Tarutino, Odesa Region, Ukraine, in the nearby settlements ofPodgornoe, Berezino – all former German colonies, as well as in Corten itself. Thus, evacuation, emigration and life away from the place of birth, spent in an isolated, foreign ethnocultural and geographical environment, can be seen as a kind of ahistorical experiment regarding culture as a system of persistent and dynamic elements, of interrelationships and influences, as well as of stable, non-changing components.

Herta Müller en el exilio, la garra en el corazón

Author(s): Ines Carvajal Arguelles / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1/2023

This article aims to show that Herta Müller's life is depicted as one of perpetual uprooting and to portrait elements in her novels where the writer deals with major universal themes, connected to the topic of exile and fundamental to understanding the turbulent 20th century in Europe. Her denunciation of the horrors of totalitarianism, against which she opposes a cry for freedom and against oblivion, stands out for its capacity for reflection, its originality and its poetic sensitivity, in such a way that it manages to traverse this arid terrain with original images of great beauty.Herta Müller in exile, the claw in the heart

Пета конференция на Националните асоциации в Международната социологическа асоциация „Социални трансформации и социология: лишености и овластявания“, 21‒24.11.2022 г., Нова Горица

Author(s): Mila Mineva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

BETWEEN THE PATRIARCHATE OF CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE BULGARIAN EXARCHATE. THE DIFFICULT CHOICE OF THE MACEDONIAN BULGARIANS AT THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY

Author(s): Angel Zlatkov / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

By the end of the 19th century approximately a quarter of the Orthodox Bulgarians in the historical and geographical area of Macedonia remained loyal to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, which served the Greek national idea. Both, in the past and today, this fact has raised the issue of the national affiliation of the Bulgarian-speaking population in the European dominions of the Ottoman Empire. Why did these people remain loyal to the Patriarchate, despite the long-lasting efforts of the Bulgarian Exarchate to attract them to itself? The author highlights the unequal status of the two ecclesiastical institutions in the Ottoman administrative system as a leading factor that hindered the normal functioning of the Bulgarian Church and severely limited its ability to guarantee the political, religious, cultural and educational rights of the Bulgarian Exarchists. On the border between the two centuries, being at the heart of the struggle for the distribution of the Ottoman inheritance in the Balkans, the Bulgarians in Macedonia were faced with difficult choices, which determined not only their personal well-being, but sometimes even their lives.

„Fii bun și tare”

Author(s): Alice-Georgiana Fănaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

Documentation and specialized articles are among the main means of improving stylistic classifications of the works belonging to an art museum’s heritage. A museum’s heritage is also dynamic, although most museums have a well-developed collection of works dating from before the 1990s. As the heritage is enriched, it must also be documented, and volumes of monographs on lesser-known artists are very useful in this process. This is also the case of the volume entitled „The Bednarik Family in Romanian Art” which is the subject of this review. Following the personal and professional career of the members of this family of artists, the Bednarik family monograph is a valuable document for the history of art in our country and a useful tool for specialists in art museums.

За връзката на българите в Бесарабия с България през призмата на един музеен предмет – Евангели

Author(s): Elena Vodinchar,Marina Pereli-Plehanova,Sonia Semerdzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The present study focuses on the relationship of the Bulgarians in Bessarabia with Bulgaria. These relations of the Diaspora with the metropolis are examined in the text through the prism of a museum object: a Gospel from the collection of the Regional Archaeological Museum – Plovdiv. The authors focus the analysis on museology as a methodology. Some approaches to the study and interpretation of the facts from Bulgarian and foreign authors with extensive experience in the study of museum objects and collections are also examined. In general, the study offers a detailed analysis of the informational potential of a museum object in order to trace the relationship of the Bulgarians from the village of Banovka in Bessarabia (today located in Odesa Region – Ukraine) with their compatriots in the village of Chehlare, Plovdiv region during the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 21st century.

За приноса на църковните песнопения към развитието на грузинската фолклорна полифония

Author(s): Tamaz Gabisonia / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Georgian ecclesiastical hymns and folk songs are perceived within one musical language. However, the stylistic palette of Georgian song is more diverse than that of generally more regulated chants. Nevertheless, Georgian church chants made a significant contribution to the development of expression techniques of Georgian folk music tradition. Apparently, This tendency was more manifested in the following directions: • Increase in the melody volume and centonization principle (linking the phrases) in the songs; • Differences between Acharan and Gurian songs through the Prism of changing religious situation; • Structural and dramaturgical proximity of Svan hymn-like songs and mourning song “Zari” to church hymns; • Similarity of “ghighini”, festive hymns and some merry songs, as well as “live lie” songs with church hymns; • Modal mode and parallele voices in para-liturgical hymns and folk songs.

SHIFTING IMPERIAL POLICIES TOWARDS PROVINCIAL ELITES IN THE ROMAN, BYZANTINE, AND OTTOMAN BALKANS AND ASIA MINOR

Author(s): Antonis Anastasopoulos,Luisa Andriollo,Cédric Brélaz / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The article focuses on imperial policies towards provincial elites in the Balkans and Asia Minor in three major empires which succeeded one another, namely the Roman, the Byzantine, and the Ottoman. Provincial elites were important for imperial power as intermediaries between local communities and central authorities. Our article adopts a political and institutional approach, and focuses on provincial elites as agents who were given formal or informal shares in the mechanisms and hierarchies through which empires were governed. Following surveys of imperial policies towards provincial elites in the three polities, it argues that, unlike the concept of empire which can be universal, imperial systems of government are neither uniform nor static, and depend on such factors as state ideology, historical circumstances, and political and economic exigencies. Ultimately, our article demonstrates how structural differences in the very conception of imperial governance and ideology resulted in differentiated policies towards provincial elites.

121 години от избухването на Илинденско-Преображенското въстание през 1903 г.

Author(s): Kalin Ranchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The text discusses the most important events in the development of the Internal Macedonian-Odrin Revolutionary Organization, the activities before and during the uprising, and gives a chronology of the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie uprising. The events of the chronology are presented in a condensed form, without their detailed description, and are traced in chronological order from their outbreak to their suppression.