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Symboliczne zanikanie granic w Europie. Strefa Schengen – konsekwencje zmiany koncepcji granic w Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Paulina Antoń / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 2 (6)/2015

The establishment the Schengen Area has changed the perception of the borders of nation-states in the classical sense. The division into internal and external borders in the EU, as well as the development of the concept of integrated management of external borders transformed the character of the traditional understanding of the function of state borders. The effects of these changes are noticeable not only in the field of control and surveillance of external borders, but also in the legislation on foreigners (visa policy, migration and asylum) and cooperation in the area of the EU internal security. The elimination of controls at internal borders of the Member States of the Schengen Area has become another symbol of the unification of Europe. The realization of freedom of movement was an important step in deepening economic integration. This article attempts to answer the question about the consequences of a change in thinking about the borders in the EU.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-EU Offers Help to Tackle Food Inferiority in Central and Eastern Europe

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-EU Offers Help to Tackle Food Inferiority in Central and Eastern Europe

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 10/03/2017

Multinationals have “cheated and misled” the east for years, the European Commission says.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Hungarian Ruling Party Relaunches Anti-Soros Drive

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Hungarian Ruling Party Relaunches Anti-Soros Drive

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 10/03/2017

What the party bills as a democratic exercise merges seamlessly into a political ad campaign ahead of next year’s election.

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The Western Balkans’ EU-Perspective in an Era of New Challenges and New Uncertainties

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The Western Balkans’ EU-Perspective in an Era of New Challenges and New Uncertainties

Author(s): Michael Schmunk / Language(s): English Issue: 04-05/2017

Contrary to the ceaseless assurances of the EU Summit in Thessaloniki 2003, the large majority of EU accession aspirants of Western Balkans states still remain excluded. Their perspectives for full EU membership in the near future are narrowing. Though incessantly reconfirmed with mantra-like oaths, but still unadapted to the altered world of the second decade of the 21st century, this policy refuses to acknowledge some of the drastically changed enlargement conditions. The article provides food for thought to reflect both on the changed nature of accession conditionality for the so-called “Western Balkans Six / WB6” (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia) as well as on the nature of the accession processes to come. The article favors increasing membership chances for all six – rather than a merit-based approach for individual – aspirants, the joint accession as a group, and encourages political pressure in favour of it. To take a more realistic political view on enlargement in general, the article briefly discusses a “Plan B”, and even a “Plan C” as alternatives to full EU membership.

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ПРИСТУПАЊЕ ЕВРОПСКЕ УНИЈЕ ЕВРОПСКОЈ КОНВЕНЦИЈИ О ЉУДСКИМ ПРАВИМА КАО ВИД УНАПРЕЂЕЊА ЗАШТИТЕ ЉУДСКИХ ПРАВА У ЕВРОПИ

Author(s): Ivana Krstić,Bojana Čučković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

This paper deals with the importance of the EU accession to the ECHR, as the most significant regional instrument for human rights protection. The paper outlines the evolution of the idea of the accession to the ECHR, different stages of that process, as well as a Draft agreement which attempted to resolve some complex legal issues relating to the specific nature of the EU legal system. In the second part of this paper, the Opinion 2/13 of the CJEU from December 2014 has been analyzed, which basically interrupted the entire accession process. It is noted that currently the ECtHR has only an indirect constitutional control over the EU’s legal order by examining laws of the Member States. The EU accession to the ECHR would allow examination of all acts and measures in the EU from the human rights perspective, including those over which the CJEU does not have full oversight function.

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Horizontal Objectives of EU Programmes and the Socio-Cultural Context for EAP-members

Author(s): Irina Teodora Manolescu,Adriana Prodan,Carmen Claudia Aruştei / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

As the Eastern Partnership (EaP) was founded in 2009, between European Union (EU) and six countries from Eastern Europe, its main goal was to create adequate conditions for economic inte-gration, social and regional development of the EaP country members. Based on the same principles as the EU was built, international law and fundamental values (e.g. human rights, freedom, democ-racy, rule of law), sustainable development and also good governance, the EaP was regularly ana-lysed and renewed (once every two years) in order to better respond to the needs of Eastern Euro-pean countries. Even so, while the economic context was especially considered, there are still some actions to be undertaken with regard to socio-cultural factors. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to analyse the socio-cultural context of the six Eastern European EaP members (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine) in order to make recommendations regarding their absorp-tion capacity when integrating the horizontal EU objectives into the funding neighborhood instru-ments. Our main research question is: what is the right approach for developing operational funding programmes (individual/bilateral or partnership/multilateral participations) for EaP members: is it by maintaining the EU horizontal objective or by adapting these objectives from the beginning consid-ering the socio-cultural context?

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EU Role for the European Integration of Republic of Moldova within Eastern Partnership

Author(s): Cristina Morari / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The article presents an analysis of the role of European Union in the European integration process of the Republic of Moldova in the context of Eastern Partnership and it was supported by a Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme Fellowship within the 7th European Commu-nity Framework Program. The European integration of the Republic of Moldova is a complex pro-cess that implies external and internal efforts, but internal transformations generated by this process are determined primarily by the EU initiatives. This fact is based on both, the necessity of the Re-public to correspond to European norms and the EU interest to have reliable and stable partners from economic and political point of view. The Association Agreement, DCFTA, visa liberalization are main bonuses that Moldova has received from EU within Eastern Partnership. At current stage, EU continues to play an important role in domestic transformation and stabilization of the country, by providing assistance and consultation. The interdisciplinary approach and methods as analysis of official documents, comparison and observation gave the possibility to estimate the level and results of how EU establishes and influences both, the agenda of European integration and domestic trans-formations of the Republic of Moldova.

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The Eastern Partnership and its Impact on Self-Governance Reform in Ukraine

Author(s): Vadym Zheltovskyy / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

The article poses a question on the effectiveness of the European policy for Eastern Partnership in Ukraine under current circumstances of political and military crisis. Particularly, the role of Poland as a key country for the success of given policy in Ukraine is taken into consideration with the emphasis on Polish-Ukrainian cooperation on the issue of self-governance reform in Ukraine. The aim of the article is threefold. First, to analyse the main trends of EU-Ukraine cooperation in terms of the EaP policy. Second, to present author’s research on the role of different political and social actors from Poland and Ukraine (local authorities, non-governmental organizations, Academia) in implementation of European experience on selfgovernance reform and decentralization processes on Ukrainian ground. Finally, the article makes an attempt to evaluate the EU strategy in regard to Ukraine and present possible ways for further cooperation as regards the reform of self-governance in Ukraine.

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Spatial Development Analysis of the Danube Region in Serbia in the Function of Sustainable Development

Author(s): Ljubica Petrović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The Danube river represents one of the most important European development potentials and the stemming point leading towards the European Integration. Although the water testing of the Danube river show that the Danube is, on its way out from the country, of better quality that on its entering, and that the presiding state of parameters of the living environment had deteriorated and is endangered by possible influences of anthropogenic origin which represent limiting factor of development of this area. This paper analizes the Danube significance in the territorial development of Serbia which is the main axis of development with the best developmental possibilities and economic potentials. The paper also shows that an evaluation of Danube river basin developmental potential has been carried out, which states the fact that inequalities in the degree of the region development and the evaluation of the living environment together with the identification of the worst pollutants, imply that the worst pollutants can be found in the regions which belong to the group of the stabile regions. The categorization of the living environment has been carried out on the basis of the condition evaluation and analysis according to the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia after which the precaution measures are installed , on whose basis the further sustainable development of this area would be realized.

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ФРАНЦУСКА, НАТО И „ЕВРОПА ОДБРАНЕ

Author(s): Miloš Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2013

A long-lasting French ambition was to achieve a deeper integration of the EU in the field of security and defense, i.e. to create the so-called “l’Europe de la défense”. The legacy of Charles de Gaulle, which consisted of a more independent and daring conduct of foreign affairs and its highlight – the French withdrawal from NATO’s Integrated Military Command in 1966 – paved the way for France to be the key advocate of a greater military integration of Europe. Even more, it constituted the prerequisite for an emergence of a true “Europe de la defense” as it clearly appears that the existence of NATO and its role in Europe is not compatible with a rise of a more powerful and autonomous European defense. However, the 2009 decision to reintegrate all NATO structures provoked a rupture with the legacy of de Gaulle. Consequently, it has also compromised the plan of a militarily more integrated EU. Such an effect has been recently confirmed in the report presented by the French former foreign minister Hubert Védrine. That weakening, not to say discard, of the “l’Europe de la defense”, which inevitably condemns the EU to an incomplete political integration, necessarily puts into question both the nature and the future of the European edifice.

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ЈАВНА АДМИНИСТРАЦИЈА – ПОКРЕТАЧ ИЛИ ПРЕПРЕКА ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИОНИХ ПРОЦЕСА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ МАКЕДОНИЈИ

Author(s): Borče Davitkovski,Ana Pavlovska-Daneva / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2011

The aim of this paper is to present the Macedonian European integration process viewed through the lenses of the existing internal institutional framework. Integrating the Republic of Macedonia into the European Union has been, and will remain, a priority of every political elite, regardless of their place on the political spectrum. At this moment, as accession negotiations have yet to be opened, the only reliable method through which measurement of approximation can be made is through the progress reports, submitted yearly by the European Commission to the Council of the European Union. Macedonia still awaits for a substantial reform of the position of state servants, which would hopefully improve the performance and raise the efficiency of public administration. Such endeavor would require not only the new, reliable legal framework, but also the existence of a true political will, aimed at confronting problems and finding solutions, regardless of the short-term political price to be paid.

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НОВА ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛНА РЕФОРМА ЕВРОПСКЕ УНИЈЕ

Author(s): Zoran Radivojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2009

The new institutional reform envisaged by the Treaty of Lisbon has brought substantial changes to the composition, jurisdiction and interrelation between the main and the advisory bodies of the EU. The principal winners of such reform are the European Parliament, which has been given the status of an equal legislator with the Council of the EU, and the European Council, whose decision-making and executive role has been significantly reinforced. Among the likely winners are the European Central Bank, which has been instituted as one of the main bodies in the EU and gained a more prominent role within the Eurogroup, and the Committee of Regions, which has received active procedural legitimacy. Under the Lisbon Treaty, the Court of Justice has kept its primary function but there are certain novelties aimed at improving its organization, efficiency and effectiveness, as well as broadening the EU judicial system.

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Regional Orders

Author(s): Antoni Z. Kamiński,Bartłomiej Kamiński / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The paper attempts to examine regional orders after the collapse of communism applying an analytical framework that we have developed for this purpose. The framework combines Daron Acemonglu’s and James Robinson’s approach to the study of social dynamics, our model of transition from communism, and Etel Solingen’s approach to study conflict / cooperation and international/nationalist strategies pursued by domestic ruling coalitions. We also develop measures of moving within and between political and economic institutional structures, extractive and inclusive. Our analytical framework provides tools to examine change in terms of institutions and corresponding grand strategies, stability of regional alliances shaped by the distribution of power in the region, and constraints imposed on national strategies. The application of this framework to post-Cold War Europe points to a diverse group of countries revolving around two distinct poles or hubs – the EU and Russian Federation – and in-between. Two poles have contrasting institutional structures and follow mutually excluding grand strategies. Russia together with its spokes orchestrated transition within extractive or illiberal institutional regimes. Moscow’s adherence to Imperialist Grand Strategy clashes with Internationalist Grand Strategy of EU members turning European space into the combination of the zone of confrontation in Russia’s relations with the EU and the zone of permanent peace in relations amongst other European nations that excludes RF.

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Romowie – wszędzie obcy. Przykład Francji i innych krajów Europejskich

Author(s): Adam Pomieciński,Agnieszka Chwiediuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 49/2017

Why Europe treats Roma as “others” and why Europe is “foreign” to Roma? The starting point is the relationship of domination of one collective entity – European countries which are affiliated to the EU on the other countries (groups having the status of minorities, the most marginalized and discriminated). This dependence describes the category of foreign, developed by Marc Augé as a concept “close-another”. Following this concept, the authors of the article distinguish four criteria of analysis: endoetnonim, language, habits (routine practices) and a place for life, which show the mechanism of differentiation and domination, present in most collective entities. The proposed approach has been applied to some European countries, in particular to France, which policy of domination / discrimination against Roma provides many wondering examples, which are still worth a fundamental rethinking of the theoretical plane.

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ВИШЕЈЕЗИЧНОСТ – ПРЕДНОСТ ИЛИ УСУД ЕВРОПСКЕ УНИЈЕ ?

Author(s): Budimir Košutić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2006

This article analyses the problem of multilinguality in the European Union. EU rules are rested on the principle that the official language of each state automatically represents an authentic language in the Community/ Union. One distinguishes between official languages, working languages and the languages of particular consultations (sessions) and in final deliberation of the ECJ judgment.

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ЗНАЧАЈ ЛОБИРАЊА У ЕВРОПСКОЈ УНИЈИ

Author(s): Irena Peterlin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2006

Lobbying is nowadays an unavoidable process in developed democracies. Traditionally lobbying used to be linked with influencing the adoption of political decisions in the process of government; nowadays it is increasingly gaining more of a commercial element. There are different approaches and methods of lobbying with no standard pattern. Above all, lobbying depends on the strategy of those who need it. The explosion of lobbying and growing number of lobbyists and interest groups reveals that lobbying has become a part of the contemporary European milieu. The main institutions for lobbying in the EU are the Commission, European Parliament and the Council. Lobbyists have to identify their advantages and weaknesses. They must also become familiar with their structure, functions and jurisdictions. The European Parliament is strong and efficient in decision-making. The target of lobbyists are primarily consulting chambers and the directly elected delegates of various countries. The Presidency of the Council is the most important and most recognizable player at the Council level but the Commission is a priority for effective lobbyists.

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Analiza przyczyn występowania różnic w podejściu do napływu imigrantów w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Helena Tendera-Właszczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

The influx of illegal immigration to the European Union has grown rapidly over the past few years. Member States’ official stances and policies differ considerably as to whether to accept or reject refugees and illegal immigrants. Using a quantitative analysis, the article examines the causes of the different approaches to immigration to the EU Member States. It provides a general overview of the demographic forecasts until 2080 and suggests two new indicators to explain the acceptance (or rejection) of foreigners. It follows from the considerations that quantitative indicators are insufficient in determining whether to have a positive or negative position with regard to accepting immigrants to EU Member States.

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Integracja europejska w obliczu eurosceptycyzmu

Author(s): Aleksandra Pleśniarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

Eurosceptical views are more and more often evident in the programmes and activities of European political parties, and are manifested in the political debate transpiring in Member States. Is Euroscepticism an opportunity or a threat for the future of the idea of European integration? Does it threaten the cohesion of the European project? The main aim of this article is to answer these questions. Euroscepticism and the categorizations it breaks down into are defined in the article. Empirical analysis and a review of the literature are used to illustrate the importance of Eurosceptics in the European Parliament. This study identifies why Eurosceptical views in Europe have become more popular, pointing to the existence of many European crises, including in the economy, migration and democracy. The number of Eurosceptics in the EP has increased, but they come from different political groups. If their opinions are to be seen as an opportunity for the future of the EU, their demands must be consolidated and infused with greater coherence. Eurosceptical views should not be marginalized in the context of the further development of the EU.

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Wkład polskich myślicieli w rozwój idei integracji europejskiej

Author(s): Marcin Kawalec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2017

The idea of a united Europe under a common authority has its origins in the days preceding the commonly understood beginning of integration, which has often been equated with the rise of today’s European Union. The genesis of the consolidation of the European continent can not be traced back only to the Schuman Plan, but the multiple attempts at peaceful or military merging of European territories under a joint power, starting with the Greek polis and the Roman empire. In addition, the development of the idea of European integration cannot be restricted only to Western European countries. Dating back to at least the sixteenth century, history shows that Polish representatives have contributed significantly to the development of the idea. Many of their proposals, after taking into account the factor of time, seem remarkably up-to-date today. The purpose of this paper is to outline the contribution of Polish thinkers to the development of the idea of European integration.

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Euro-Regional Danubian Cooperation

Author(s): Florin Tudor,Mihai Floroiu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The Danube is the second longest river in Europe, with a total length of 2850 km, along the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, its longest stretch being on the Romanian territory (around 1100 km). Transit and trade on the Danube has increased since the eighteenth century, when the river acquired an international character with the Treaty of Paris of 1856, which established a regime of internationalization of the river, based on freedom of navigation for all States, including the non-riparian ones. In this context, the Lower Danube euro-region stands at the confluence of three countries, Romania, Moldova and Ukraine with one the longest European river and seems to confirm, one more, the importance of the Danube, not only as a commercial and trade route, but also as a major cooperation catalyst between independent and friendly States.

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