"I’m a poor lonesome cowboy and a long way from home…": српски документарни филмови о гастарбајтерима

Author(s): Marija Krstic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2013

In this paper I will analyze Serbian documentary films about guest workers dating from the last decade of the 20th and the first decade of the 21st century, using the perspective of visual anthropology. I question the popular cultural notions about guest workers in films Весеље у Ждрелу (A Celebration in Zdrelo) by author Kamenko Katic, Звона позне јесени (The Bells of Late Autumn) by author Zoran Milenovic, Кад је Милорад удавао ћерку (When Milorad Gave His Daughter in Marriage) by author Vladimir Milisavljevic, Странац тамо, странац овде (A Foreigner There, a Foreigner Here) by author Sandra Mandic and 242 метра живота (242 Meters of Life) by author Novica Savic. The films deal with a number of issues: the economic aspects of guest workers’ lives, their liminal character, the issues of the second and third generations of guest workers, going away "temporarily" to work, and religious rituals. Even though the films were made recently, they all follow the lives of Vlach and Serbian, or rather Yugoslav guest workers who left to find temporary work abroad in Western Europe in the 1960’s and 1970’s. This serves the purpose of avoiding to deal with contemporary reasons for emigrating from Serbia and thus the possible critiques of current regimes or policies in power at the time the films were made.

"Islam" u anti-multikulturnoj retorici političara i antropologa Zapadne Evrope: kongruencija ili koincidencija?

Author(s): Marko Pišev,Miloš Milenkovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2013

The recent rhetoric of the "end" or "failure" of multiculturalism in Europe and beyond came as no surprise to anthropologists. Moreover, the statements made by leading politicians of key European economies seem as though they are based on the decades old anthropological critique of the consequences of the failed implementation of multicultural policies in Europe and on the global level. It is as though the messages we have been getting over the course of the last few years – that multicultural policies are contraindicated, that they weaken the contacts between cultures, rob individuals of the right to change and chose their identities and strengthen intra-cultural mediators of power, with patriarchy, violence against women and children, leaving school, religious fundamentalism and even terrorism as main consequences – are being read by politicians from anthropological analyses of abuses of collective "cultural" rights. The paper considers the nature of this similarity between the discourse of politicians and anthropologists with a special emphasis on the status of "Islam" in them, and discusses whether it is congruence or mere coincidence of stances toward minorities, immigrants and cultural differences, as toward the regulations which were tasked with protecting this diversity as a fundamental European value which today, at least at the rhetorical level, seems to be fading.

"İstenmeyen Rumlar": Odessa Ve Kırım’dan Yunanistan'a Göç Hareketleri, 1919

Author(s): Gürhan Yellice / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 57/2018

Shortly after the October Revolution of 1917, a civil war broke out in Russia between the Bolsheviks and the Tsarists, a war that lasted almost three years. The winners of the First World War, worried about a potential global revolution in the event of a Bolshevik victory, decided to send troops to Odessa and Crimea at the end of 1918 to support the Tsarists. For this purpose, they asked for help from Greece. The Greek Prime Minister Venizelos, who strongly desired full support from Britain and France for his plans concerning Izmir at the Paris Peace Conference, reluctantly agreed to help. Thus, French and Greek troops, at the end of 1918 and at the beginning 1919 respectively, were sent to the region. Nevertheless, shortly thereafter the operation ended in smoke, with the total withdrawal of the troops. Although the operation failed, Venizelos managed to gain the support of Britain and France at the Paris Peace Conference. This decision however, marked the beginning of a disastrous process for the Greek populations living in Odessa and Crimea. As an act of retaliation for Greek involvement, the Bolsheviks began to implement a policy of oppression and forced a violent displacement of the existing Greek element. Beginning in March and continuing intensively in April and May, this started a wave of immigration towards Greece which led to a serious crisis on the Greek political scene, right on the eve of the Greek army’s expedition to Izmir. Venizelos tried very hard to direct this immigration to a region other than Greece, locating it specifically in Istanbul, Trabzon and Izmir. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the above mentioned process and its effects on the Greek political life of that period. The study is mainly based on the Greek and British Foreign Ministry Archives, British and Greek newspapers and English sources.

"Rajš' ko Talijana, sem zbrala Slovana"

analiza preseljevanj Slovencev na ozemlje držav nekdanje Jugoslavije in njegove posledice

Author(s): Marina Lukšic Hacin,Boštjan Udovic / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 2/2014

The following contribution analyses the history of emigration from the Slovenian ethnic space to the countries of the former Yugoslavia and its contemporary consequences. The main thesis builds on the understanding that the Slovenian emigrant community in the “Yugoslav state” was largely neglected from the viewpoint of operative politics as well as from the scientific study perspective. The analysis is divided into four historical periods, which differed significantly as far as the migration dynamics is concerned: the first migration stage (1850–1914), dominated by economic reasons; the second migration stage (1919–1941), when the political and cultural reasons also became important; the third migration stage (1945–1991), when the main reasons for migration were economic and ideological; and, finally, the article is concluded with the analysis of policy towards the Slovenian immigrants to the Yugoslav territory in the time of the independent Slovenia, together with all of its advantages and shortcomings.

"To nie my przekroczyliśmy granicę, to ona przecięła nas." Biopolityka europejskiego reżimu migracyjnego

Author(s): Lukasz Moll / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2016

This article reconceptualizes analytical tools suitable to theorizing the European migration regime by employing concepts developed by philosophers of biopolitics. By referring to border and migration studies, it diagnoses both the crisis of the traditional conceptualization of the border and the crisis of the post-Westphalian political order in Europe. Identifying the end of bordering practices as a result of the intertwining of sovereignty, territory, and population in the context of a neoliberal regime of capital accumulation, the article proposes to treat borders as productive apparatuses (dispositifs). While they support the desirable flows of people, they block the undesirable forms of circulation. In conclusion, the article argues that the co-existence of borderless spaces within the European Union with the arbitrary mechanisms of mobility control applied to non-EU migrants is impossible to maintain in the long run. Keeping the current status quo will result in the obliteration of the inside/outside division and a rupture in the strong link between borders and territory. In effect, the same apparatuses which aimed to make free mobility possible are becoming its main source of danger.

"You can't just step from one place to another": The socio-politics of illegality in migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa

Author(s): Shannon Morreira / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

Drawing on anthropological fieldwork conducted in Musina and Cape Town, South Africa in 2010 and 2011, in this paper I present a qualitative analysis of the (largely illegal) means of entry of Zimbabwean research participants into South Africa, and their at-tempts to seek legal status once in the country. I present an ethnographic consideration of one woman’s experiences crossing the border, augmented with quantitative data gathered from a sample of 45 migrants, in order to discuss the socio-political construction of ‘illegality’ in South Africa. I argue that while migrants may have entered the country illegally, this was in a large degree dictated by structural pressures. Migrants’ attempts to legalise themselves are also structurally constrained: I, thus, argue that there is a need to unpack the socio-political process by which a category of illegality is made.

"Быдлим в Чехии", или, Специфика чешских заимствований на примере онлайн-коммуникации русскоязычных иммигрантов в Чешской Республике

Author(s): Anna, Vladimirovna Golubeva,Anastasija, Anatol´jevna Timofejeva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2014

The article speaks about borrowings from the Czech language through the prism of Internet communication (social networks, forums, blogs), presented by Russian-speaking expatriate community, which is one of the largest expatriate communities in the Czech Republic. This report contains the overview of processes that occur in the immigrant's use of borrowings, as well as the analysis of borrowings on lexical, morphological, and syntactical levels. Word-play is discussed here as well. Authors give characteristics of expatriate's language from 3 various points of view: in light of the language of Russian expatriate community on the whole, from the perspective of Russian expatriate community in the Czech Republic, and in terms of similarity to the processes which occur in the language of the metropoly.

"Водевиль в сумасшедшемдоме": "Линия Брунгильды" М. А. Алданова

Author(s): Dmitri Nikolayev / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/2015

If one were to single out the most characteristic feature of the Russian theatre in exile, it would be the severe scarcity of everything: theatre troupes were small, productions were executed on a very meager budget, etc. Dmitri Nikolayev’s article discusses the way that Mark Aldanov adapted his style to meet this challenge, which resulted in the creation of “Liniia Brungildy” (1937), a play in thegenre of vaudeville.

# V4 2015: neľahké hľadanie odpovedí na európske výzvy

Author(s): Tomáš Strážay / Language(s): Slovak / Publication Year: 0

Vyšehradská skupina, tak ako napokon celá Európska únia, čelila aj v roku 2015 výzvam prichádzajúcim z vonkajšieho prostredia a v menšom meradle tiež takým, ktoré súviseli s jeho vnútorným fungovaním. Napriek pokračujúcemu rusko ukrajinskému konfliktu sa dominantnou témou vo vyšehradskom i európskom (nielen zahraničnopolitickom diskurze) stala migračná a utečenecká kríza. Postoj k nej ovplyvňoval tak vnútornú dynamiku Vyšehradu, ako aj jeho vnímanie v rámci EÚ. Vyšehradské krajiny čelili zhoršenej reputácii v očiach niektorých členských krajín Únie, ktoré kritizovali ich nesolidárny postoj v otázke redistribučných kvót. Prirodzene, značná časť vyšehradskej agendy sa niesla v znamení kontinuity, čo sa týka slovenského aj českého predsedníctva. Významnými oblasťami spolupráce tak boli naďalej napríklad energetika či bezpečnosť a obrana. Spolupráca s krajinami východného susedstva a západného Balkánu tvorili piliere formátu V4 plus, ktorý sa rozšíril o ďalších partnerov. Jedným z významných zadaní pre obe predsedníctva bolo vyvažovať spoluprácu s nevyšehradskými krajinami s vnútornou súdržnosťou V4. Potvrdilo sa, že vyšehradská spolupráca zostáva imúnna voči vnútropolitickému vývoju v jednotlivých krajinách. Hoci májové prezidentské i októbrové parlamentné voľby v Poľsku znamenali diametrálnu zmenu v oblasti poľskej vnútornej politiky, na vzťahoch v rámci V4 sa to neprejavilo.

(Up)Rooting Sovereignty through the Metamorphoses of Migration

Author(s): Maria-Mihaela Nistor / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

This article emphasizes some key aspects of sovereignty in a brief synchronic analysis, insisting on the dynamic denotations the concept has in the actual global framework. Aspects related to asymmetric interactions of the migrants with the host society in a rather cosmopolitan world, where the nation-state is only one of the omnifarious actors involved in the policy- and decision making process are underlined, primarily in constructivist terms

A Great Migration

Author(s): Milan Lelich / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2015

As a result of the occupation of Crimea and the war in Donbas, one of the greatest internal relocations in contemporary European history is taking place on the territory of Ukraine. Yet the European Union, preoccupied with its internal problems and the influx of migrants from the Middle East, has so far ignored this fact.

A language that forgot itself (Essay on the curious non-existence of German as a recognized minority language in today’s Poland)

Author(s): Tomasz Kamuselka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 45/2014

This essay draws on my almost three decades worth of research on the multiethnic and multilingual history of Upper Silesia during the last two centuries, when various ethnolinguistic nationalisms have radically altered the ethnic, political, demographic and linguistic shape of the region. I focus on the German minority that was recognized in Poland in the early 1990s. This recognition was extended to the German language. However, though in official statistics there are hundreds of schools with German, and bilingual signage amply dots the Upper Silesian landscape, neither in the region nor elsewhere in Poland is there a single, however small, locality where German would be the language of everyday communication. With this essay I attempt to explicate this irony of official recognition on the one hand, and the tacitly enforced non-existence on the ground, on the other hand.

A szomszédos országok migrációs forrásterületeinek a vizsgálata a magyar népszámlálási adatok felhasználásával 2001 és 2011 között

Author(s): Áron Kincses / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2015

International migration has positive effect on Hungary’s demographic, social and economic processes. Although the proportion of the Hungarian-speaking migrant population declined between the two censuses, it still plays a decisive role. This is related with the cross-border linguistic and cultural ties. If we looked at the Hungarian country territory before World War I and II, we found, that half of the international migration was domestic migrants from the peripheral regions to the centre of country. So, this phenomenon determines the migration network form the Carpathian Basin to Hungary. In general, most of the migrants come from the Hungarian speaking regions. The proportion of non-Hungarian speaking migrants coming from Trans-Carpathian Ukraine, northern Slovakia, Serbia, outside parts of Vojvodina, as well as Austria, Croatia and Slovenia has been increasing. Analysis of the source area showed a colorful picture about foreign citizens living in Hungary. In general it can be stated that the lower-skilled migrants have greater proportion in migration to a smaller distance, while those with higher education dominate in migration for longer distances. The impact zone of potential migration increases with educational qualifications and skills.

Aktuálne problémy kulturologického výskumu dolnozemských Slovákov

Author(s): Boris Michalík / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 3/2015

The main goal of this contribution is to point out a few problematic spheres, where the generally accepted not quite correspond to the real situation. We emphasize that the path to the general knowledge of the culture of Slovaks living in Low Land is through the realization of research in widest context of theory in as many localities as it is possible. We present a view of the seven problematic issues, which in the context of the current research of Slovaks living in Low Land can be considered as relevant. First, there is the problem of the meaning of terms ethnic enclave and ethnic diaspora. Secondly, the consideration of degree of acculturation and the transfer of the meaning from term "language island" to term "cultural island". Thirdly, we are considering terms of ethnocultural and ethnoconfesional aspects of identity. The fourth problematic sphere is relation between local and ethnic identity. The fifth problem is the urban and rural environment and their contexts affecting acculturation in the minority sector. The sixth circuit is relation between ethnic identity and civic identity. Seventh problem is the minority policy in the European Union, its relative instability and undeniable impact on the acculturation of minorities.

All Eyes on Hungary

Author(s): Dominik Héjj / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2015

Country name: Hungary. Official language: Hungarian. Head of the government: Viktor Orbán. These are three certainties about Hungary. Due to the hysteria in the media, it is difficult to understand what the current migration crisis truly is. Perspectives vary. One of them is Hungarian.

Anadolu’ya Göç Etmiş Bulgaristan Türklerinin Kutlama Törenleri İle Bu Törenlerde Yer Alan Müzikler

Author(s): Zekiye Çagimlar / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 93/2018

Bulgaria is the Balkan country where the Turkish minority live intensively since the time of the Ottoman Empire . During the Republican period, immigration was systematically carried out for a while under the Turkish-Bulgarian residence agreement. Within this context, a total of 198,688 immigrants came during the period 1923-1939. Since this period, immigration has not been carried out systematically, and most of the time immigration has not been done by voluntarily. Immigration is to start from scratch in a new land, leaving behind their lands under the harrow of a nation from their land, their past, their ancestors’ graves, even their future that they dream of in that land. Our citizens, who have been forced to migrate from Bulgaria, in addition to maintaining the activities of daily living and learning the customs and practices of the new lands, have adapted to the local cultures where they settled over time. In this study, celebrative ceremonies, such as weddings, circumcisions and Hıdırellez of our citizens who emigrated from Bulgaria, will be under debate in terms of the past and now. The compilations were made in Adana, Mersin, İstanbul, İzmir, and Bursa. The effectual results to be achieved in the study, which is done by the analysis of written sources and interviewing resource persons, is to give the effect of a cruel concept like migration on the cultural values with the example of Turks forced to migrate from Bulgaria.

Anatomy of a Crisis: Not all migrations are treated equal

Author(s): Przemyslaw Roguski / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2015

Today, the EU faces three major challenges emanating from what former NATO Secretary General Anders Fogh Rasmussen called the arc of instability: Ukraine, the Middle East and North Africa and the Sahel. All these crises have led to massive population movements which are reflected in European migration statistics. In this situation the need for unified European action and solidarity is obvious. Hence, further bad blood between the eastern and western EU states needs to be avoided if a meaningful solution is to be found.

AR LAUKIAMI DIASPOROS VAIKAI LIETUVOJE? TĖVŲ IR MOKYTOJŲ PATIRTYS

Author(s): Irma Budginaite,Ruta Mašidlauskaite / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2 (78)/2015

The article is based on a research project funded by the Lithuanian Research Council and conducted in Lithuania, with a focus on the challenges when integrating children that are coming back with parents from abroad into the Lithuanian education system. It is based on semi-structured interviews and one focus group with teachers that have experience educating returnees’ children as well as interviews with return migrants that have children under eighteen. In addition, two representative surveys – the Lithuanian population survey and the survey of return migrants – are used to illustrate the tendencies of return migration. This article aims to contribute to the development of return migration research field and raises such questions as: How the educational opportunities for children make impact on decision to return to Lithuania? How educational institutions are chosen and how the pupils’ knowledge is evaluated? What are the main challenges that teachers face while educating returnees’ children? The research has revealed that family circumstances are one of the most important factors motivating emigrants to return. The desire to start a family and raise children in a Lithuanian cultural environment and children’s education may be important aspects when deciding to return. Parents that are planning to return are interested in educational opportunities for children, are collecting relevant information and, if possible, are visiting schools before returning to Lithuania. Some of them express their worries about the preparation of teachers to educate their children. The research also shows that not all teachers are aware how to deal with the challenges they face educating pupils with the migrant background. The qualitative interviews have revealed that it is harder to get relevant information for teachers from small towns, and it is hardly possible for them to participate in the trainings that are organised in the cities. Therefore, teachers are obliged to find individual creative solutions for teaching children. According to the interviewees, such measures as individualised course materials, specific training courses, allocation of additional funding for the Lithuanian language or other subject classes could contribute to a better integration of returnees’ children. The interviews also disclosed that not all policy measures for the integration of children with the migrant background are applicable in small towns.

Architektoniczne środki tworzenia granic społecznych wokół imigrantów w miastach

Author(s): Oskar Amiri / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 37/2014

Immigrants in the cities sometimes use architectural means to mark their presence, as well as a separate identity. These activities are often superficial, aesthetic, due to the asymmetry in the means of power in the urban space. On the other side there are the planners, having other plans towards enclaves, and the possibility to introduce them. Urban development is therefore a conflict of interest of different groups, and the result illustrates this dispute. It is a dispute which has a different outcome every time, just as the cultures coexisting in the cities are different, with different needs, identities and history.

Around the Bloc- An Unlikely Leader in the Making?

Author(s): Martin Ehl / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/01/2015

Last week the Czech Republic witnessed the emergence of Bohuslav Sobotka as a major new political player.