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ČRIEPKY DIVADELNÉHO OBRAZU SÚČASNEJ SLOVENSKEJ DRAMATIKY (VYROVNAVANIE SA S MINULOST'OU)

Author(s): Dagmar Podmaková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 02/2014

Ever since the latter half of the 20th century, drama text has undergone a number of changes. Since the 1990s, Slovak drama has been increasingly affected by contemporary Western drama and it has developed its own appearance. Since the beginning of the 21st century, all forms of its structure, content and scenic interpretative means have been for convenience referred to as “new drama“. At the beginning of this new path of the development of contemporary drama, some dramatists or authors of dramatised prose were inclined to work with a traditional building up of the drama text. Their focus was on characters either from the past or present through which they expressed their own views of the commonplaceness of our time. A number of them purposely broke the compactness of form and content and favoured film language with its rapidly sequenced events and thoughts. The new drama characters are heroes of our time, stripped bare of niceties, oftentimes acting against the backdrop of the older stories of individuals or historical time periods. Such is, for instance, the dramatisation of Rozner‘s prose Sedem dní do pohrebu (Seven Days to Funeral) or Klimáček’s plays about Gustáv Husák and the communist era. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the Velvet Revolution some drama texts build on an indirect contrast between hope for a change for the better and the current state of society. Three important strands of texts and their dramatisations have been introduced to Slovak theatre in recent theatre seasons. The first one is about coming to grips with the past by using a form of art documentary of a drama text (for instance, the texts on holocaust or on European history through the eyes of a globalising society, etc.) .

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SÚČASNÁ VEREJNÁ PODPORA SLOVENSKEJ KINEMATOGRAFIE A EURÓPSKY KONTEXT

Author(s): Žofia Bosakova / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2015

Slovak cinema has to cope with the following conditions: the country’s small unprofitable market, small population size, underdeveloped cinematic infrastructure and lack of audience’s affinity to Slovak films. They largely predetermine its development in the coming years. The paper explores institutional conditions in the European and Central European context based on available studies on economic factors and trends in public support in the era of increasing digitalization in order to point to the current challenges of the domestic environment in relation to the systemic stabilization of the realization base of Slovak cinema.

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DIVADLO A TEATRALITA V KONTEXTE (SLOVENSKÉHO) VIZUÁLNEHO UMENIA

Author(s): Eva Filova / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2015

There has been an overlap between theatre and film since the beginning of cinema; first film performances were held in theatre buildings and first film theoreticians sought similarities and particularities of film as a new technical or artistic medium in relation to theatre and other art disciplines. Probably the first film made for the purpose of a theatre performance was a short avant garde film EntrʹActe (1924), screened between acts of a Dadaist ballet. Experimentation with theatre space has developed from kinetic-lighting effects through simultaneous projection screens of the magic lantern to Woody Vasulka’s Theater of Hybrid Automata (1990). If we think of theatre as an intermedial space occupied by film (videos, new media) and modern technologies, the same can be said about film: theatre and theatre aesthetics may serve as a referential framework for film, video art and new media. In the history of cinema there are a number of directors who drew inspiration from theatre tradition (Ingmar Bergman, Peter Greenaway, Jan Švankmajer and others). The specifics of theatre art or theatre space also appear, to a different extent and in different forms, in Slovak visual arts, for example, in the work of Anna Daučíková, Mira Gáberová, András Cséfalvay and Zuzana Žabková.

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ANGAŽOVANOSŤ AUTORA V SOCIÁLNOM DOKUMENTÁRNOM FILME

Author(s): Martin Palúch / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2015

The author of this study seeks an answer to the question what “authorial documentary film” is. He selects examples from the area of social-critical documentary film, especially lower forms of documentation – a weekly and a newsreel. In a historical perspective he follows how directors realized authorial engagement in dealing with documentary themes for a socio-critical purpose. Authorial work is then put into contrast with genre conventions which do not allow the presence of authors’ subjective view in documentary films. In the cases when authors purposefully transcend the conventions of documentary genres, viewers are confronted mainly with a subjective interpretation of facts. This line of reasoning about authorial and genre documentary film has been present in Slovak theory since the 1980s and corresponds with current Western approaches to understanding documentary film, which compare current documentary films to feature films in terms of how they construct narratives. In his conclusion the author of this study proposes dividing any film production to genre and authorial production. The reason is that authorial documentary production goes beyond the objective documentary functions of documentary film and is independent of genre conventions. In addition, its subjective interpretation of themes makes it similar to feature film production.

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POPULÁRNÍ ŽÁNRY ITALSKÉ KINEMATOGRAFIE A ČESKOSLOVENSKÝ SOCIOKULTURNÍ KONTEXT

Author(s): Jan Švábenický / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2015

This study examines Italian co-production films of popular genres produced in Barrandov studios in Prague and Czechoslovakian nature exteriors and metropolitan locations. The object of analysis are only Italian versions of three films directed by Alberto Cardone shot in co production with West Germany, France and Italy, an Italian film of the popular genre giallo all‘italiana (detective film in the Italian style) directed by Aldo Lado and unreleased co-production projects between Italy and Czechoslovakia in the period of the 1960s and 1970s. The analysis focuses on the genre, sociocultural, national, geographic, iconographic, industrial, production, co-production and distribution aspects of these films. With the exception of two unreleased films directed by Jiří Sequens, this study is not centred on released and unreleased co--productions in the work of Czechoslovakian directors and producers. This text takes an interdisciplinary point of view on popular genres of Italian cinema in the context of Czechoslovakian national, geographic and cultural conditions.

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POSTMODERNÉ, KOGNITÍVNE, INTENCIONÁLNE, INŠTRUMENTÁLNE A SEMIO-PRAGMATICKÉ TEÓRIE DOKUMENTÁRNEHO FILMU

Author(s): Martin Palúch / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 04/2015

The author compares and contrasts theoretical approaches which contemporary film theorists and philosophers employ in an effort to capture the essence of nonfiction cinema. He explicates postmodern, cognitive, intentional, instrumental and semio-pragmatic theories of documentary film as we encounter them in contemporary theoretical reflection, especially in works by Gregory Currie, Noël Carroll, Bill Nichols, David Bordwell, Carl Plantinga, or Roger Odin. Detailed attention is paid especially to three concepts/definitions/approaches to documentary production: Documentary as Indexical Record (Currie), Documentary as Assertion (Carroll) and Asserted Veridical Representation (Plantinga). The study aims to stimulate a discussion of Slovak documentary production that would reflect the current state of thinking about documentary film.

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TABU V INDICKOM NEZÁVISLOM FILME SÚČASNOSTI

Author(s): Viktoria Rampal Dzurenko / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 04/2015

European viewers associate Indian cinema especially with Bollywood’s commercial film industry. However, India is currently witnessing the rise of a “new wave” of independent filmmakers who are not afraid to reflect reality and reveal the taboo of the controversial and multilayered Indian society. Despite difficult conditions in distribution, young filmmakers recount original and meaningful stories in their inspiring productions. Using three films as examples (Six Feet High, 2014, dir. Sanal Kunal Sasidharan; The Divine Call, 2014, dir. Aadish Keluskar; Fandry, 2013, dir. Nagraj Manjule), the paper presents their formal and content points of departure and aesthetic principles, focusing on the definition of “taboo” and its disruption in Indian society.

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„ŽENA S KINOAPARÁTOM“ ALEBO DOKUMENTÁRNY FILM PODĽA ZUZANY PIUSSI

Author(s): Martin Palúch / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2014

This paper interprets the work of documentary filmmaker Zuzana Piussi in terms of its clear similarities and differences to the principles of filmmaking employed by Dziga Vertov and the style of cinéma vérité. Only in this way can one reach a definition of the additional original elements in her approach to directing and her distinctive authorial style. The paper outlines the main characteristics of Piussi’s work, so that it can be reflected upon from the perspective of authorial strategy, and discusses the relationship of Piussi as filmmaker to the protagonists in her films, her involvement in the plot itself, the thematic focus of her work, the use of technology in capturing both image and sound, the editing of the filmed material and the resolution of ethical matters in her authorial approach to the protagonists. Piussi is a filmmaker more concerned with the content of a film than its objectivity or form. She has a talent for finding current, controversial, ethically questionable and politically “unpleasant” themes to base her work on. She works with a small film crew and often at her own expense, so she is not subject to the demands of a film producer. Her independence allows her to critically act as a journalist and thus unmask the ills in our society.

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SVEDECTVO O ARCHITEKTOVI SCÉNY – OTTOVI ŠUJANOVI

Author(s): Dagmar Podmaková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2014

Very few critics and theatre scholars have described and discussed the functions of theatre scenography in particular theatre production. To write about scenography (theatre stage/stage design) or theatrical costume requires discussing stage directing as well as the function of visual staging elements in the developmental stage of a particular theatre or theatre culture of a certain origin. In Slovakia there are not very many larger works written about scenographers who have dedicated their lives to the theatre. In addition to the monographs on František Tröster, Ľudovít Hradský, Daniel Gálik, Ladislav Vychodil, Aleš Votava and Milan Ferenčík, another publication has emerged. In this article, Dagmar Podmaková discusses Ladislav Čavojský’s book Otto Šujan: Scénický architekt – Architekt scény (Otto Šujan: Stage Architect, Architect of Stage) in the broader context of Slovak scenography. She praises Čavojský’s approach to the topic, which stems from the author’s personal knowledge of Slovak theatre since the middle of the 20th century, and the detailed study of Šujan’s archive, which, in addition to drawings and written material, contains a large number of scale models which were preserved in his studio. The approach of Vladimír Mlčoušek, who wrote a chapter in the book on Šujan’s television scenography, is also positively evaluated.

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SOUNDTRACKY, SOCIOKULTURNÍ FENOMÉN NA POMEZÍ HUDEBNÍHO A FILMOVÉHO PRŮMYSLU

Author(s): Jan Švábenický / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 04/2014

This study analyzes and examines film music and soundtracks on example of selected categories of popular genres of Italian cinema in the period of 60‘s – 70‘s. In the middle of interpretative interest there are trans-genre, sociocultural and industrial meanings and discourses of Italian film music as a firm part of popculture where had soundtracks new importance during the transformation of popular Italian culture in this period. Text interprets new compositional methods of Italian film composers, cultural and industrial relations among music labels, film production companies and especially popcultural connections of film music with particular popular genres of Italian cinema of 60‘s – 70‘s with taking into account the periods of 50‘s, 80‘s and 90‘s. Study puts emphasis on categories of popular genres that were in main industrial discourse of Italian cinema in 60‘s – 70‘s as western all‘italiana (western in Italian style), erotico all‘italiana (erotic film in Italian style), musicarello all‘italiana (musical films in Italian style) etc.

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Próza „Tma nemá stín“ a film „Démanty noci“

Próza „Tma nemá stín“ a film „Démanty noci“

Author(s): Jiří Holý,Šárka Sladovníková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

The article deals with several versions of the short story “Darkness Casts no Shadow” byArnošt Lustig and the film adaptation of this work, Diamonds of the Night, directed by JanNěmec. Lustig has gradually expanded his story in new versions. The author, who lived in the1970s and 1980s in the U.S., obviously rewrote his text with regard to American readers. JanNěmec’ s film adaptation, which premiered in 1964, is an experimental film that re-evaluatescinematic conventions. On the one hand, it uses surreal elements, on the other hand authenticdevices.

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Durychova novela „Boží duha“ vo filmovom spracovaní

Durychova novela „Boží duha“ vo filmovom spracovaní

Author(s): Ján Gallik,Zuzana Vargová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

The displacement of Germans from Czechoslovakia after the end of World War II is a tragicevent that greatly affected many people’ s lives. The treatment of this subject in Czech literaturetook various forms, ranging from the schematically modelled literature of socialist realism,which mainly perceived the displacement of Germans as an act of righteous retaliationfor the horrors of war caused by German fascists, to existentially tuned works that perceivedthis event on the basis of the deeper causes of misunderstanding and hostility of both nations.As the philosopher Jan Patočka states in the epilogue (1991) to Jaroslav Durych’ s novel God’ sRainbow, the author who created a great song of regret which conditioned and prepared hopefor the spiritual reconciliation of the Czech and German nation was finally found. The meritof the comparison of Durych’ s novel and its television adaptation from 2007 (by director andscreenwriter Jiří Svoboda) is mainly the question whether the adaptation puts only the tragicnature of the theme of the displacement of Germans from the Czech border at the forefront orif it tries to display also the difficult platform of the Baroque phenomenon (e. g. focusing onspace or characters). In Durych’ s work, including God’ s Rainbow, specifically in the language,composition, stylistic construction, motifs, symbols or function of detail, there is an evidenceof enhancing the Baroque perception of reality.

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Moc totalitní, ale ne totální? Úvahy o románu „Žert“ Milana Kundery a jeho filmové adaptaci

Moc totalitní, ale ne totální? Úvahy o románu „Žert“ Milana Kundery a jeho filmové adaptaci

Author(s): Agnieszka Janiec-Nyitrai / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2019

The aim of the piece is to characterize the ways in which the novel The Joke (1967) by MilanKundera and its film adaptation (directed by Jaromil Jireš, 1968) show the relationshipbetween man and totalitarian power. The study depicts the means by which the communistsociety used mechanisms of re-education of the individual. The key concepts applied for thisanalysis are homo sovieticus (Józef Tischner) and total institution (Erving Goffman). The goalof the study is to broaden the understanding of totalitarianism from a narrow political conceptto philosophical and sociological meaning.

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„Nová“ skutočnosť a znamenia proti ideológii v literatúre a vo filme: „Tri dcéry“

„Nová“ skutočnosť a znamenia proti ideológii v literatúre a vo filme: „Tri dcéry“

Author(s): Martina Petríková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

Bednár Uher’ s work from the sixties can be regarded as a testimony about a period conditionedby totalitarian ideology and about a man who is confronted with turning moments in history.He increases his human value “only” by life, by the moral value choice, not by submittingto the norms of the system. That is why the screenplay (1968) and the film Three Daughters(1967) are targeted against totalitarianism. The contemporary communist ideology, which“writes the history” with language as an example of socio-cultural pressure, by its symbols asmodels for reality, is confronted with character personalities of the thematic historical sectionthey have formed to the extent that they have different attitudes within individual discourses.In the story of Three Daughters the heroine defends her father and she beats “culture of power”only in the perspective.

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„Veľký zošit“ Agoty Kristof a jeho filmová adaptácia: svedectvo o (ne)dobrovoľnej anestézii

„Veľký zošit“ Agoty Kristof a jeho filmová adaptácia: svedectvo o (ne)dobrovoľnej anestézii

Author(s): Markéta Andričíková,Peter Getlík / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

This study analyses the famous novel The Notebook (Le Grand Cahier, 1986) by the Hungarian-Swiss Francophone novelist Ágota Kristóf (1935–2011) and its film adaptation TheNotebook (A nagy füzet, 2013) directed by Hungarian film director János Szász, as the allegoryof “Big History”, as the recording of human tragedy (or the tragedy of human destructivenessand lust for power) and also the tragedy of the individual. We also focus on special narrativetechniques (1st person plural narrator, narrative voice as homo duplex), which are especiallysignificant in relation to brutal scenes of violence, sexual deviations, moral violations, and itsfilm transformation.

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Mrożkova „Zmluva“ a (ne)prítomnosť obrazu strednej Európy v slovenských televíznych adaptáciách 1990 – 1993

Mrożkova „Zmluva“ a (ne)prítomnosť obrazu strednej Európy v slovenských televíznych adaptáciách 1990 – 1993

Author(s): Jana Dudková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2019

This article analyses the specific case of the Slovak television adaptation of Sławomir Mrożek’ slesser-known stage play The Contract (1986). The play was written before the fall of communismby the famous Polish exile playwright, and was shot for Slovak television in 1992 bythe ex-Yugoslav director Goran Marojević. This resulted in multiple shifts in the meaningsand visibility of various geopolitical concepts used in the play, including a reduction of referencesthat could render the director’s origin more visible. The paper focuses especially on thereplacement of significant references to Balkan and Orientalist discourse (which are parodicallyoverused in the play) with the more readable concept of Central Europe (which staysunnamed in the play). In the final section, the paper also analyses the position of The Contractwithin the broader context of contemporary Slovak television production, which usuallyavoided Central European authors or direct images of Central Europe, but on the other handadded indirect references to the concept of Central Europe even to works which originallylacked them. The result in both cases was the frequent usage of allegorical meanings, maskingor inversion that followed uncertainties typical for transition from the announcement ofSoviet perestroika to (un)expected post-communist condition.

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THEATRICALITY OF FILM LANGUAGE IN BAZ LUHRMANN’S FILMS

THEATRICALITY OF FILM LANGUAGE IN BAZ LUHRMANN’S FILMS

Author(s): Michaela Malíčková,Juraj Malíček / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2020

The aim of the study is to identify such strategies that reveal the theatrical quality of film language in the movies of Australian director, screen writer, and producer Baz Luhrmann, and to examine how they reflect the development of his poetics as an auteur. Theatricality defines his first three film projects Strictly Ballroom (1992), Romeo + Juliet (1996) and Moulin Rouge! (2001), therefore they are together referred to as the so called Red Curtain Trilogy. The explication of ties to theatre that characterizes Luhrmann’s oeuvre reveals the connection between various types of stage, and staging, as well as the specific qualities and development of Luhrmann’s directorial style, and his understanding of film, and its language. Luhrmann’s film image is complex in the semiotic reading, each detail has an aesthetic, and semantic value often due to the disposition of film language. Luhrmann’s artworks remain in a number of cases saturated by his performative vision of the world. The degree and specific quality of film language such as ostension (manifested as illusionism, meticulously arranged mise-en-scène, and aestheticized sets, and costumes or pompous carnivalesque musical and dancing show), camp, and citations are closely examined in feature films such as Australia (2008) and The Great Gatsby (2013), in the series of short staged interviews between two icons of fashion world Schiaparelli and Prada: Impossible Conversations (2012) and in the TV series The Get Down (2016 – 2017). These cultural products also confirm their connection to theatre and their author’s interest in various stage forms reflecting on culture based on a play principle.

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SCHLINGENSIEF’S CONTAINERS. UNCONCOMPROMISING EXPOSURE OF THE FACE OF THE FAR RIGHT

SCHLINGENSIEF’S CONTAINERS. UNCONCOMPROMISING EXPOSURE OF THE FACE OF THE FAR RIGHT

Author(s): Martin Hodoň / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2021

The study deals with the re-enactment of the multimedia installation Bitte liebt Österreich [Please Love Austria], realised by Christoph Schlingensief at the Wiener Festwochen festival in 2000. The theoretical starting point of the analysis is the post-colonial theory of Achille Mbembe, who deals with the notion of nanoracism. Schlingensief’s social sculpture on the border between actionism and installationism was a direct response to the Austrian parliamentary elections, in which the far-right party Freiheitliche Partai Österreichs (FPÖ) attempted to enter parliament. In particular, the study examines the degree of performativity, the media structure, and the themes of racism and xenophobia. The focus of the study is on the use of compositional practices and their intersections of type, genre and media. In summarising Schlingensief’s work, whether theatre or cinematic, the author also attempts to capture the artist’s ability to use the medium within and through art forms with respect to the speed of information exchange.

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FENOMÉN ROMANTIZMU VO FILMOVOM DIELE

FENOMÉN ROMANTIZMU VO FILMOVOM DIELE

Author(s): Ján Sabol / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 04/2021

The study deals with the influence of Romantic poetics (or the poetics of the Romantic period) on audio-visual production. In this context, the author not only mentions some film adaptations of literary models from the Romantic period, but also points out the basic genological principles of this period and, in a broader literary and cultural context, the cultural and social influences at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries on the art of the Romantic period. The study does not aspire to comprehensively capture the issues of the influence of Romantic poetics on audio-visual production, it only outlines some of the tendencies that are discernible in filmmaking and that have their roots in Romanticism, but also in medieval art, which became a major inspiration for the Romantic period.

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The Festival D’Avignon – A Shared Cultural Experience as a Way Forward

The Festival D’Avignon – A Shared Cultural Experience as a Way Forward

Author(s): Elena Knopová / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

This article is a reflection on the 76th edition of the Festival d’Avignon. It provides a brief introduction to the issue of festivalisation in France and presents the research conducted in this field in relation to theatre audiences in the past three years. It also includes shorter reflections on productions by international theatre makers that the author had the opportunity to see at the festival. It analyses the context in which these productions are presented to the public in the festival programme, in dramaturgical and thematic lines (for example, the themes of power, manipulation, sacrifice, defiance of fate, emotions that bind people together or make them go insane), and it also highlights the return of the theatre makers to the basic means of theatre expression instead of complex effects and technologies. There is an imbalance stemming from this: often, productions have an epic and storytelling non-dramatic basis, but their stage form goes back to a theatre of simple and effective images that are based on symbolic theatre signs and acting action. The Festival d’Avignon adheres to the concept of storytelling with initiatory potential and thus can engage theatrically in a better real world. In 2022, it was a post-pandemic challenge for both the theatre and society.

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