CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Between the icon and the system. Considerations on the world order. A short review of Sorin Dumitrescu’s short study “The fight between the icon with the system”

Author(s): Radu Baltasiu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The current review is about the field of sociology of the state adding the metaphysical dimension to it: the Icon. There is a tension between the power of the unseen and the power of state as an institution of force. The Icon is the symbolic component of the Iconic Act of Creation. The Icon is imprinted on wood and in everybody as the Face of God, and it is through the martyrs that we remember this. The System, as the ideal type of managing a fallen world, is not per se bad. It becomes so through idolatry.

More...

Еволюция на социалните услуги в България – опит за проекция на модел на социалните услуги

Author(s): Lilyana Ivanova Rusanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The development of social services over the past decade has been placed as a priority on the agenda of European policies. Regardless of the diversity of existing models, objectives and types of social services in European countries, the argument is put forward that they play a significant role in the well-being and integration of different groups and communities in need of social support. The article traces the evolution of social services in Europe and the main stages of reforming the sector in Bulgaria. The quantitative analysis of the types of social services in the context of the new legislation allows us to outline a model of social services, the effectiveness and practical implementation of which require additional research.

More...

Flota Bałtycka w polityce bezpieczeństwa morskiego Rosji: historia i współczesność

Author(s): Miłosz Gac / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The article discusses the complex role of the Baltic Fleet in the Russian armed forces, highlighting its evolution and the various functions it has performed in the context of both defence and power projection. Historically, this fleet has been viewed as a tool for conducting operations on the high seas, as well as a force designed to defend the coast. However, in recent years, its role has transformed. The article examines the impact of changing geopolitical realities on the operational capabilities of the Baltic Fleet, considering its strategy in light of Finland and Sweden’s accession to NATO. Key research questions focus on the Fleet’s role in safeguarding territorial integrity and the potential consequences for its operations in response to the alliance’s growing presence in the Baltic Sea. The analyses and considerations presented in this article establish that the Baltic Fleet, facing limited operational capabilities and NATO’s advantage, undertakes hybrid activities aimed at undermining the capabilities of the North Atlantic Alliance in the Baltic Sea.

More...

Marynarka wojenna Chin w erze Xi Jinpinga: zdolności wojskowe i kierunki rozwoju sił morskich

Author(s): Rafał Kwieciński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The article analyses the growth of the naval capabilities of the People’s Liberation Army Navy. From a comparative perspective with the United States, the reasons and directions for the qualitative and quantitative development of the Chinese fleet are outlined. This article adopts a neoclassical realism perspective and hypothesises that China has adopted a policy of internally balancing the United States in the maritime domain during the Xi Jinping era. The author considers China’s vision of a future global maritime power as an intervening variable moderating the development process of the Chinese navy. This idea is developing dynamically and is associated with plans to build capabilities at the level of a “global military power” by 2049. The Chinese Navy is to defend “the near seas and protect the far seas”, securing the Chinese coast and operating in shallower waters closer to the coastline while developing the capabilities of the ocean fleet. Organisational changes accompany this modernisation, but the capabilities of the PRC fleet are still incomparably smaller than those of the U.S. Navy in terms of the quantity and quality of equipment. However, it should be remembered that the efficiency of Chinese shipyards is greater than that of the United States, and the introduction of new technical solutions and changes in strategy are redefining the role of Chinese naval forces. This means that under such conditions, the relative advantage of the United States in maritime waters will continue to decrease.

More...

The Global Framework for the Regulation of Artificial Intelligence

Author(s): Emil Asenov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The need for regulatory governance of matters related to artificial intelligence is driven by the rapid pace of technological changes resulting from its application across various sectors of the economy and society. The potential risks and challenges provide grounds for numerous international organizations and technologically advanced countries to prioritize the establishment of adequate regulatory solutions and the implementation of effective approaches to address the complex theoretical and legal issues pertaining to artificial intelligence. Within the regulatory framework structure related to the regulation of artificial intelligence, two levels can be clearly distinguished. The first level is global and pertains to various initiatives and documents that play a crucial role in the regulatory governance of artificial intelligence, adopted by international organizations. The second level of artificial intelligence regulation pertains to national jurisdictions, particularly of technologically and industrially advanced countries. The article examines the main decisions and documents that define the content of the global framework for regulating artificial intelligence, including various initiatives and documents adopted by international organizations such as the United Nations (UN), UNESCO, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the G7 countries, the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), and others. The analysis of these decisions shows that they predominantly contain norms of a declarative and recommendatory nature. However, they play an important role by setting global goals, ethical standards, organizational approaches, and applicable tools necessary for building regulatory frameworks within national jurisdictions.

More...

The Impact of Consumer Loan Volume on Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Bulgaria: A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Approach

Author(s): Konstantin Kolev,Maya Tsoklinova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The goal of this article is to study the impact of consumer loans volume and effective interest rate of consumer loans on gross fixed capital formation in Bulgaria. The survey is realized on the grounds of quarterly data during the period 2009-2023. The econometric methodology through which the data are processed includes: Stationarity Test; Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Model; Selection of the maximal lag; Cointegration Test; Vector Error Correction Model (VECM); Granger causality test. It is established: in long-term period 1% increase in consumer loans increase the volume of gross fixed capital formation with 0.94%; the coefficient value of ECTt-1 is 0.765, which means that approximately 77% of the discrepancy between long-term and short-term gross fixed capital formation is adjusted for a quarter; in short term there is bilateral causality between consumer loans and gross fixed capital formation and unidirectional causality from effective interest rate of consumer loans to gross fixed capital formation.

More...

Enhancing Disaster Resilience in Cultural Tourism: A Comparative Analysis of Relief and Recovery Policies for Arts, Heritage, and Intangible Culture in the United States and Italy

Author(s): Leah Hamilton,Simone Splendiani / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Disaster management policy in the US and Italy has historically focused on the relief and recovery of tangible cultural assets vital to cultural tourism, including cultural heritage sites and museums. However, the COVID-19 pandemic revealed how disaster policies can protect intangible cultural assets, including the performing arts and creative workers. This study conducts a comparative analysis of cultural disaster relief and recovery policies in the USA and Italy, specifically focusing on the 2017 earthquake in Central Italy, the 2021/2022 tornado and flooding events in Kentucky, USA, and the global COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims to identify the complexities and opportunities in governmental disaster policy related to intangible culture and how this particular area of cultural tourism can be integrated into broader disaster management frameworks toward greater resiliency. Through a review of governmental policy documents and primary as well as open-source data, the analysis reveals that pre-determined national governmental units dedicated to emergency response and recovery are critical for effective disaster management in cultural heritage, yet often lack the specialized knowledge and, to some extent, the resources, to fulfill long-term recovery, particularly with intangible cultural assets. Insights gained from this study contribute to developing recommendations for enhancing more inclusive disaster policy language that recognizes intangible cultural heritage and its role in sustainable cultural tourism in disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies.

More...

Development of Soft Competencies Through Self-Assessment: A Model for Professional Realization of Students

Author(s): Nikola Tanakov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In the context of the transforming requirements for the modern professional environment and the developing paradigms of higher education, the development of soft competencies acquires the status of a critical factor for successful professional realization. The present study aims to construct and validate a self-assessment model aimed at identifying and improving key skills such as communication, adaptability, time management and problem solving. Self-assessment is conceptualized as a tool for purposeful critical reflection that supports the building of competencies relevant to the successful integration of young professionals in the competitive work environment. The methodological framework covers a multidimensional approach based on anonymous questionnaire surveys with 53 employers and 200 students of UNSS conducted in 2024, as well as additional qualitative methods including focus groups and in-depth interviews with teachers and employers. The analyst shows that the systematic use of self-assessment tools leads to a significant improvement in soft competencies, strengthens students' confidence in the professional environment and facilitates the synthesis of theoretical knowledge with practical skills. The results highlight self-esteem as a strategic mechanism for improving the personal and social competencies necessary for successful career realization. The inclusion of adapted self-assessment models in academic programs can play a fundamental role in the preparation of highly qualified professionals capable of responding to the complexity and dynamics of the global labor market.

More...

From Models of Capitalism to Models of Regulation: Comparing the United States and China in Regulating Artificial Intelligence

Author(s): Danko Tonev / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This publication compares the regulatory approaches to artificial intelligence (AI) in the national institutional context of the United States and China. Through comparative normative analysis it is demonstrated that China has been ahead to adopt more binding AI regulations than the U.S., which relies on a less centralized and more market governed and ethical approach. This observation corresponds to the two different capitalist economic models – ‘liberal’ in the United States and ‘state-permeated’ in China, according to the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) comparative literature. The risk of AI overdevelopment has brought the two global economies closer to attempting to adopt risk-averse domestic regulations and seeking global partnerships for regulating AI global diffusion. Future competition between the two technologically most savvy nations is expected in promoting their own standardized values and practices and in inspiring further academic research.

More...

Европейската демокрация в ерата на изкуствения интелект и условията на поликризисност

Author(s): Monika Panayotova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The aim of the study is to analyse the challenges facing European democracy in the era of artificial intelligence and the conditions of polycrisis, related to the risks of societal polarisation, disinformation, the emerging of cognitive "battlefield" attacking the minds and hearts of European citizens, in particular young people. After reviewing the global risks according to the World Economic Forum, the results of the European elections in 2024, the strategic priorities of the European Union and the European Commission for the new five-year mandate (2024-2029); and taking into account the growing number of far-right formations in the European Parliament due to the vote of Generation Z, the author shows certain causes and symptoms of the "health" of European democracy. In addition to the methods of analysis and synthesis of primary and secondary sources of information, generalization, inductive and deductive research approach, the study uses the method of frequency distribution by presenting results from an author survey among 65 students, 98% of them, representatives of Generation Z. In conclusion, the publication draws certain conclusions and recommendations for the healing the heart of democracy related to: the new shield of European democracy, which needs trained "knights"; the vulnerability of open European societies; and the risk that the "digital square" and AI can become an anti-democratic trajectory, undermining the foundations of the EU.

More...

Полезни и вредни продукти, иновации и деновации

Author(s): Leona Aslanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

Is there more innovations or more denovations in Bulgaria? In asking this question we need to clarify the economic dependence between the two concepts. In this academic article we consider the introduction of a new economic concept, phenomenon and term „denovation“, which has the following principle characteristics: 1) the principle of antithesis – reducing or nullifying the impact of innovation; innovation works in the opposite direction to the economic impact of innovation on society; 2) the principle of the center and periphery – denovation always occurs in the center; 3) the principle of the speed of market penetration – denovation always enters and spreads faster than innovation;

More...

Comparative Analysis in the Structure of the Expenditure of the „Central Government” Subsector of the EU-26 and Bulgaria

Author(s): Maya Tsoklinova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The periodic study of the expenditure of the “Central Government” subsector by functions of COFOG allows revealing the state priorities in the provision of public goods during different time period, as well as the possibilities for implementing effective redistributive policies. The main purpose of the report is to examine the differences in the structure of the expenditure of the “Central Government” subsector by the functions of COFOG between the EU-26 and Bulgaria for the period 1998 – 2020 and on this basis to reveal opportunities for redistribution that is more effective and increase of public welfare in Bulgaria.

More...

Средносрочната бюджетна прогноза като инструмент за формулиране на фискалната политика на България

Author(s): Lyuboslav Kostov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The purpose of the report is to assess the degree of credibility in the main budget parameters in the medium-term budget forecast of the Ministry of Finance of Republic of Bulgaria. An overview of the main fiscal parameters in the period 2016 – 2021 was made, as well as their implementation. It is clear that in the observed period there is a significant discrepancy between the originally planned parameters in the revenue and expenditure part of the State Budget of the Republic of Bulgaria, from the actual reported ones after that.

More...

Дигитализация в публичния сектор по време на пандемия

Author(s): Antoan Shotarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant negative changes in all areas - economic, social, humanitarian, etc. The pandemic does not have the same impact – strength and direction (positive/negative influence) towards all areas. There are even areas that the pandemic have had a stimulating effect. The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of the pandemic on digitalization in the public sector and to derive the main characteristics of this impact. This article presents some of the scientific results of the research project "Digital Public Sector" (NID 21-2020, UNWE).

More...

Свръхпотреблението на ресурси и „трагедията на общите блага“ на Гарет Хардин

Author(s): Daniela Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

In the face of global environmental crises, the overconsumption of natural resources is one of the major economic challenges of the 21st century. Garrett Hardin is known for his essay “The Tragedy of the Commons”, which warns us about the damage that the rational individuals inevitably cause to the environment if the natural resources are commons. The purpose of this paper is to analyze his arguments. The thesis is that the premises of his theory and the examples he cites do not prove the „tragedy of the commons“ and the need to privatize or nationalize them.

More...

The Tatarstan Model: Shaimiyev’s Authoritarianism and Russia’s Power Vertical

Author(s): Martin Konstantinov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

During the 1990s and early 2000s the Tatarstan Model was a key framework in Russia’s federal system, based on a power-sharing arrangement with Moscow, granting it more autonomy over its economy, culture, and policies, while still maintaining allegiance to the central government. The primary purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the Tatarstan model of governance during the four terms as president of the Republic of Tatarstan (RT) of Mintimer Shaimiyev (1991-2010). This model exemplifies a unique blend of authoritarian leadership, regional elite management, and crony capitalism. By examining how these elements interact within the context of Tatarstan, the paper aims to illuminate the implications for regional autonomy, economic development, and political stability in Russia. Based on an extensive review of theoretic literature, archival, local and national press sources, the present research employs a mixed-methods approach combining case-study, process-tracing and historical institutional analysis to examine Shaimiyev’s rule in Tatarstan. The paper details and provides evidence for the relevance of the main pillars of the TM, that have been major sources of stability for both the Tatarstan political establishment, and the RF’s “vertical of power” under Putin. Conclusions are drawn as to the crucial historic role of the Model for the overall vitality of the centre – regions power vertical in Russia.

More...

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY. A LOOK AT ASIA

Author(s): Oana Alexandra Alexa / Language(s): English Issue: 25 Special/2022

In the larger context of globalisation and internationalization, navigating business operations in a multicultural environment is no easy task. The Far East has always fascinated the West through the uniqueness of its traditions, while at the same time remaining mysterious and rather difficult to assimilate for those who have not experienced culture shock before. Therefore, this paper strives to emphasise the importance of familiarising business students with the key issues related to cultural awareness and communication, focusing on Asian cultures in contrast to the Western world since, in the light of the latest political and economic developments leading to an ever-increasing Chinese dominance, they will undoubtedly be putting that information to good use.

More...

Ролята на митниците в превенцията на изпирането на пари

Author(s): Boyko Mitkov Petev,Todor Keranov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2025

The role of the customs authorities is of key importance in preventing the cross-border crossing of illegal financial flows and ensuring the financial security of the country and the European Union as its full member. In relation to the studied problem, the article proves and argues the modern role of customs in the prevention and counteraction of money laundering as increasingly necessary and justified.

More...

Не-прилагането на принципа „Замърсителят плаща“ и въздействието му върху екологичната сигурност

Author(s): Atanaska Ivanova Tuntova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2025

The Polluter Pays Principle is a fundamental concept in environmental law that aims to ensure that those who cause environmental damage bear financial responsibility for preventing and remedying it. In the context of global efforts to address climate change, this principle plays a key role in promoting sustainable development and environmental protection. The report analyzes the implementation of the principle in Bulgaria and the European Union and examines the results of the implementation.

More...

Роля на информацията и информационните технологии в съвременната среда за сигурност

Author(s): Kostadin Vasilev Yazov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 21/2025

Information and information technology play a central role in the modern security environment, providing the foundation for managing risks, preventing threats, and ensuring effective protection of data and infrastructure. The role of information and information technology in the modern security environment is not only fundamental but also extremely dynamic, while simultaneously creating new challenges and opportunities. With the development of technologies and their implementation in various areas of life and business, information technologies are becoming not only basic tools for security management, but also the very essence of security on a global scale.

More...