Българските зъболекарки като женски образовани елити: проблеми на селектирането и функционирането

Author(s): Zhorzheta Nazarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The article aims to create a socio-demographic portrait of the professional group of women dentists in Bulgaria in the first half of the 20th century; to characterize their impact in their guild’s development; to analyze this group through the theory of elites and in particular as educated elites, i.e. as a leader in the process of social modernization. The formation of this professional group starts late - in the 1890s and in the 1910s. Among the women dentists dominate foreign graduates who graduated in Germany, France and Russia, mostly of Bulgarian origin, born in cities and originating from middle class. Up to 1944 the professional career of women dentists in Bulgaria was not complicated. They established their own private practice and worked until old age; they had been respected of their male colleagues and attracted a lot of patients, various in gender and age. There were no cases of open discrimination in payment or other forms of subordination. Bulgarian women dentists were elected to higher positions in their professional associations. Their leadership role was also important in many public associations.

Sozialpolitik und weibliche Problemlagen in Osteuropa – Herausforderungen aus dem Blickwinkel von „Sozialismus“, „Feminismus“ und „Neoliberalismus“

Author(s): Sabine Hering / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

The post-1989 transition from state socialism to capitalism and democracy has produced winners and losers. There is no doubt that women in Eastern Europe find themselves mainly among the loser. Irrespective of variations in economic and political development, birth-rates dramatically dropped in all countries of the former ‘Eastern Bloc’, while at the same time female unemployment increased significantly. Statistics disclose the reasons behind this development. They reveal a sharp decline in the number of places available in day nurseries for children, and an escalation of gender-specific segregation in the labour market. Both developments have contributed to a ‘feminisation of poverty’ which many Eastern European authorities accept as an inevitable consequence of modernisation.

Жените в търсене на роли: полови идентичности и театрално изкуство в социалистическа България (1944-1954)

Author(s): Nadége Ragaru / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The article explores the transformations in the definitions and experiences of gender identities in Bulgaria following the establishment of socialist rule. The study centers on one specific milieu, that of theater actresses. The 19th Century emergence of a national theatrical tradition has been accompanied with the development of ambivalent images of female comedians, both as art muses and light women. While denouncing “bourgeois” ways of acting (and living), after 1944 socialist rulers invest actresses with unprecedented social and political missions. Comedians, however, are asked to perform these new roles (both on and off stage) in front of audiences whose representations of theatrical performances predate the imposition of socialism. How then can the expected metamorphosis be achieved? Comparing the trajectories of two scenes (the National theater and a modest provincial theater), the paper shows that the visual and moral departure from the pre-1944 era is not achieved through eschewing previous ways of doing and sensitivities. Rather the latter are re-enacted so as to break with the bourgeois past. Additionally, the article argues that one may not assume the existence of a gap between the socialist project of female emancipation and the truth of lived experiences. Changes in gender identities and ways of appropriating them were indeed filtered through diverse generational and social frames.

Васил Априлов и Юрий Венелин - аспекти на въздействието

Author(s): Elena Tacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The paper discuses the relationship between Vassil Aprilov and Yuriy Venelin as a stable figure in the narrative of the Bulgarian National Revival and attempts to make adjustments in it. The main elements of the proposed adjustments are: 1. The image of society of Bulgarian emigrants in Russia; 2. The idea of the texts of Aprilov as a dialogue with Venelin; 3. The imposition of reciprocity as impact resistance unidirectional influence.

“По сто кила мъже!” Конструиране на мъжественост в едно наративно интервю

Author(s): Daniela Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Based on Butler’s theory of the performativity of gender, Goffman’s dramaturgical approach and Connell’s idea of the multiplicity and hierarchy of masculinities, the article adopts a discursive approach to the life-story interview of a retired miner. The focus of interest are the rhetorical resources for the construction of masculinity. The analysis aims to show the working of social conventions and gender stereotypes at the level of the personal narrative. The narrative performance of masculinity is centred around work understood as hard and risky physical labour. The topics of male solidarity in the mine, body and embodied knowledge, and operation of machines supplement the main theme of work. By contrast, family relations and fatherhood are significantly understated, presumably in conformity with the local hegemonic masculinity. At the level of the interaction, working-class masculinity is negotiated with the interlocutors (female intellectuals) by means of a rhetoric drawing on humour and (self-)irony.

Were Multiple Family Households a Means for Economic Success and a better Living Standard in Serbia in the 1860ies?

Author(s): Siegfried Gruber / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

This contribution starts with an introduction into the topic of joint family households in Serbia, their distribution within the country, and their alleged dissolution in the second half of the 19th century. Data of the population census and the property census of 1863 for eight Central Serbian settlements are used then to analyse the influence of multiple family households on their economic success. The proportions of multiple family households within the classes of property and income are calculated. The results show that these households had higher income and property, but this was an outcome of their larger sizes. Comparing per capita income and property does not yield an advantage for such households. The most important factor for the household’s property value was the agricultural area used for farming and the most important factor for the household’s income was the number of adult men.

“Не забравяйте за звукооператора!”

Author(s): Mariana Piskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

“This article is an attempt to make visible some hidden processes around the making of the first Bulgarian-Soviet feature film „The Heroes of Shipka“(1955). With this purpose archives records from Bulgarian Archives have been used, as well as published reviews and articles on the film and memoirs of contemporaries. The given examples corroborate the predicament of reaching the sources on the imposed forgetfulness in the 1950s. More questions remain then answers could be found regarding the oblivion of the Soviet Ukrainian sound-producer Aleksander Maksimovich Babiy, having perished in Bulgaria during the film making.

Pflege, Betreuung und soziale Fürsorge im ausgehenden 18. und im 19. Jahrhundert: Institutionen, familiale und verwandtschaftliche Netze

Author(s): Margareth Lanzinger / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

The majority of studies on the late eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries German-speaking areas focus primarily on public institutions in urban areas as well as on poverty and pauperism. Contexts of informal and familial care have not been investigated to a comparable extent. However, the care of children, of the elderly and the sick has been primarily the responsibility of family members, mainly of women. The article first gives an overview of various forms of professional, informal and contractually regulated care. It then focuses on crisis situations and demand for care within families using the unique evidence provided by dispensation applications. They provide new insights into issues of family care work, social norms and expectations. At the same time, this kind of source material reveals the importance of female relatives, especially of the deceased wife’s sisters, but also of cousins and nieces as caregivers. They were seen as opposed to the negatively depicted figure of the “stranger” as maid servant or stepmother.

Gewöhnliches sagen – Außergewöhnliches hören? Auf Basis von Interviews zum Thema Selbermachen forschen

Author(s): Nikola Langreiter / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

Why do people in various circumstances produce things by themselves? How do they integrate this making in their systems of significance? Inspired by the currently noticeable trend to Do-it-yourself (DIY) I describe the phenomenon handicraft in two research fields: firstly in ‘classical’ areas, such as the so-called ‘female’ craft and the – traditionally more ‘male’ associated – building or repairing in the house and garden; secondly in the (new) niche economy where craftspeople put their products on sale. Furthermore, I am also interested in artistic-social-political activities which under the buzz word Radical Crafting get some quite public attention at present. As regards the actual DIY-wave, I find its ambivalence especially remarkable. DIY may be placed near neo-liberal claimed concepts of living and working – entrepreneurship, individual responsibility, also in the sense of self-therapy. At the same time it may be interpreted as an expression of resistance: as (partial) anti-consumerism, as an individual contribution to sustainability, as a social/political statement, as an element of an independent, freer lifestyle. With her work and her personality Kristina Popova taught us about reflecting scientific work, and she accompanied and motivated us concerning methodology and specific methods. So this text will present some interim results of researching DIY, but will be focussed on methodical challenges and experiences with narrative interviews.

Apologii, ode, ditirambi

Author(s): Cristian Pătrăşconiu,Cristian Preda / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2024

Interview with Cristian Preda by Cristian Pătrăşconiu.

Falling in Love

Author(s): Patrick Giddy / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The phenomenon of falling in love is undoubtedly highly valued but at the same time is often viewed with skepticism. The “face-to-face” nature of romantic love, accompanied inevitably by a measure of obsession, seems to conflict with the more stable friendship-love, imagined as “side-by-side” and focused – as in Aristotle –on the cultivation of virtues of character. In this paper I argue that a more positive take on romantic love is made possible by a certain kind of metaphysics of theperson. In particular, Feuerbach’s notion of the “inner life” constitutive ofpersonhood, can be expanded beyond Feuerbach’s materialism to ground thepossibility of fully transferring one’s self-love to the other person. Key to thisinterpretation is Rahner’s idea of the human being’s openness to an infinite horizon,corresponding to the infinite longing of romantic love, and not at all doomed to thefrustration that Jean-Paul Sartre, for example, would have it. I draw on Aquinas’distinction between love that is concupiscence and love that is friendship, to makethis point.

Academia de Cercetare a Sonatelor „München” de Mozart – Institutul „Orpheus” – 3-13.07.2023: Raport și întrebări despre practica ornamentației și improvizației pe instrumente timpurii cu claviatură ca pianist din secolul XXI

Author(s): Christophe Alvarez / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The research was conducted around these three focal points: 1) Authenticity: I replaced the composer-performer as part of an aesthetic whole, with the instrument being the focal point of his experiments. I questioned the meaning of 'authentic' performance and restored the historical context of the works. 2) (Re)forming interpretation: I deepened the understanding of musical works by exploring the characteristics of the clavichord and Stein fortepiano. I questioned the expressive architecture of the chosen musical pieces in the light of Empfindsamkeit, rhetoric, and good taste. 3) Artistic exploration: focusing on Mozart's 6 'Munich' Sonatas and C. P. E. Bach's 6 Sonatas with Variations Wq. 50, I studied the connections between the musical score, sound complexes, and the instrument itself. I explored the notion of improvisation and variation in the classical era and questioned my relationship with it as a modern performer.

Eugen Vaida, Salvând cultura celuilalt, Asociația MONUMENTUM, Sibiu, 2021

Author(s): Laura Cristina Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2023

An old subject, folk costume, remains in the attention of researchers either because not enough has been written yet, or because it raises disputes, but also because the evolution of costume is a continuous process. With regard to southern Transylvania, Nicolae Dunăre's contributions are an important bibliographical landmark, his volume Portul popular din zona Târnavelor (Popular costume in the Târnavelor area) continuing to be mentioned in specialized works. As far as the Târnavelor area is concerned, we can also mention the research carried out by Cornel Irimie who, in addition to his origins in the Hârtibaciului Valley, was also the one who laid the foundation stone of the Folk Technical Museum, today the ASTRA Museum. As regards the controversial topic of the contribution of the Roma to the history of the "iei cu altiță", Vintilă Mihăilescu proposed an anthropological perspective on the body and clothing of Roma women in Romania. Thus, with the evolution of the port, it can be observed that the perspectives from which this theme is approached are also constantly changing.Eugen Vaida, coordinator of the "Ambulance of Monuments" project and of the MONUMENTUM Association, is the coordinator of a volume published in 2021 in Alțâna. The group of authors who have worked on the realization of this volume is composed of names of resonance: Ligia Fulga, Mirela Crețu, Doina Ișfănoni, Ioana Corduneanu, Elena Găvan, Eugen Vaida, Sebastian Paic. From the very first meeting, the volume creates a special impression: the cover presents a title, presents a portrait photo, presents an ethnicity, presents a shirt with a hat and "a camera from the front". Saving the culture of the other. The research of the altita intacted yayas of the Hârtibaciului Valley is a project co-funded by AFCN funds in the second session of 2021, and the volume is the fruit of this research project.

ION CUCEU (23 iulie 1941–26 decembrie 2023)

Author(s): Laura Cristina Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2023

We owe a lot to Professor Ion Cuceu. He was an intellectual and moral support for many of the current researchers of specialized institutes in the fields of ethnography, folklore, ethnology. Professor Cuceu's scientific career speaks for itself. He was born in Giurtelecu Hododului, Satu Mare County, on July 23, 1941, and graduated in 1962 from the "Gheorghe Șincai" Theoretical High School in Baia Mare. Graduated from the Faculty of Philology in Cluj, Romanian Language and Literature section in 1967, he immediately began to turn his attention to ethnography and folklore, attending in 1969 specialization courses at the Institute of Ethnography and Folklore of the Romanian Academy in Bucharest where he was supervised by Mihai Pop, Ovidiu Bârlea, Alexandru Amzulescu and in 1971 he specialized in ethnological research methodology and semiotics under the guidance of Mihai Pop. He began his doctoral studies in 1971 and in 1978 he obtained his Ph.D. in philological sciences at the University of Cluj with the thesis Fenomenul povestitului. O încercare de abordare sociologică și antropologică asupra narativității, a thesis written under the guidance of the well-known folklorist, Professor Dumitru Pop.

Meine erste Forschungserfahrung

Author(s): Viktoria Atanasova / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2024

From The Abandoned to The Bird – Sanja Latinović’s Microworlds as Mirrors of the World’s Condition

Author(s): Neva Lukić / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2024

Sanja Latinović, the artist who has been present at the art scene since the beginning of 2000s is almost always engaged in performance art; however, the said medium is free-flowing, and it frequently grows into sculpture, video work, or photography. In her works – which we can also attribute to her sculptural vocation – the artist creates new (non)spaces, with the emphasis on the relationship between fullness and emptiness and the individual themselves, i.e., herself at the centre. Her work could indeed be described with several key words – fullness, matter, decomposition, void. These four elements are being realized in different combinations: fullness sometimes contains another fullness – object, installation or liquid contain a body (for example Aquarium, 2008) or a body contains organic substance like food (The Abandoned, 2019) and sometimes it stands on its own – as a body, or as a post-performance object/ installation (Do Not Cross, 2016); matter balances between the object and the body, sometimes standing independently as a body, and as an object it is being realized only as a post-performance object/installation, never as a self-standing object within the exhibition space; decomposition is being manifested through matter such as food, sand or glass (Movements: White, 2012); and finally void which with its emptiness embodies all three material elements listed above, because the performances of Latinović problematize the emptiness from different perspectives – be it a shaped void engraved into different kinds of materials (Do Not Cross, Obstacle or Threshold, 2022); be it formless void, just a movement enacted by a body which gets a momentary shape by usage of different tools, such as pencils or belts (Deflection, 2009, Until Death Do Us Apart, 2021); or be it void which was once a visible matter but then by decomposition or digesting, it magically disappeared from the physical world, extending its missing half further into boundless space, merging with it without any boundaries (Half of My Meal is an Artwork, 2023)

UN KIT DE UZ DRAMATIC ŞI VECTOR IDENTITAR

Author(s): Emanuela Ilie / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2024

My paper presents Oltiţa Cîntec'recent book entitled Kitul artistului începător. Cum să mă fac cunoscut?[The beginner artist's kit. How do I make myself known?],which saw the light of day in the middle of this year. This substantial volume highlights both the undoubted expertise and the didactic vocation of the author – renowned theater scholar, long-time drama columnist, screenwriter and director, university professor at UAGE, etc. Although anchored in various realities of the field of reference (the performing arts, with everything they imply, from the conceptualizing phase to the actual applicative one), Oltiţa Cîntec's discourse attracts attention through a series of stylistic attributes and operates with symbolic associations, factual analogies and correspondences of all kinds, which make it agreeable to a large category of readers, not only those who are professionals or those in the process of becoming professionals in different theatrical subfields.

Viitorul arheologiei subacvatice

Author(s): Constantin Chera / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 55/2022

Așa după cum ați auzit mai înainte, de la profesorul meu Geoff Baily, noi arheologii nu putem să nu ne gândim la viitor. Voi încerca să abordez și eu această temă, în scurta mea prezentare: „Viitorul patrimoniului cultural și al arheologiei subacvatice”. Există trei subiecte pe care le considerăm importante, când vine vorba despre dezvoltarea unei strategii a arheologiei subacvatice: cercetarea, restaurarea, conservarea, respectiv emiterea legislației în domeniu. În primul rând, cercetarea a cunoscut o dezvoltare spectaculoasă datorită unor echipamente mai mult sau mai puțin sofisticate, utilizate pentru localizarea unor nave scufundate și artefactele corespunzătoare, dar și a structurilor unor clădiri create de activitatea umană, care au fost inundate. Evoluția unor astfel de mijloace tehnice este unul dintre factorii care ne vor duce la o mai bună cunoaștere în viitor a civilizației noastre, prin îmbogățirea cunoștințelor istorice, deoarece fiecare element nou descoperit într-un mediu care până de curând era greu accesibil poate contribui cel puțin cu o pagină la evoluția planetei noastre. În general, acest mediu genenors este depozitarul unei mari cantități de patrimoniu cultural, din ce în ce mai accesibil pentru cercetare și valorificare.

Dvadeset godina časopisa Gradovrh 2004. – 2024.

Author(s): Petar Matanović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 20/2024

Tko je mogao i sanjati među matičarima koji su pokrenuli ovaj časopis (na čelu s predsjednicom Matice hrvatske Tuzla prof. Petrović) da će nas većina dočekati i dvadeseti jubilarni broj Gradovrha? S ponosom ističemo svoju radost i zahvalnost Bogu i svima koji su sudjelovali na ovom važnom poslu. Uredništvo posvećuje ovaj DVADESETI JUBILARNI BROJ GRADOVRHA svima onima, kojisu sudjelovali i podupirali ovaj projekt!

Bajanje bojama - Ulančani isječci slikarskog kontinuiteta Dina Trtovca

Author(s): Tonko MAROJEVIĆ / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 95-96/2024

Preko trideset godina već pratim likovni rad Dina Trtovca. Kad je autor došao u priliku da svoj dosadašnji saldo zaokruži unutar jedinstvenih korica, da svoj stvaralački profil predstavi cjelovitom monografijom, zamolio me za popratni tekst. Doista, s obzirom na duljinu i kontinuitet mojega pisanja o njemu bilo je na neki način i logično. Kad sam se potužio kako sad nemam vremena, kako sam zatrpan drugim obavezama, sâm autor me podsjetio na količinu i sustavnost dosad ispisanih tekstova, jer sam u desetak posebnih prigoda reagirao na njegove izložbe. Pozvao me da samo okupim i nanižem prikaze i predgovore, jer da se monografski tekst ionako „sam ispisao“.