RAPORTURI ROMÂNO-SLAVE PÂNĂ ÎN SECOLUL AL XVIII-LEA
This paper presents a brief history of contact between Romanian people and Russia, before the 20th century. This contact individualized Romanian people between other Latin people
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This paper presents a brief history of contact between Romanian people and Russia, before the 20th century. This contact individualized Romanian people between other Latin people
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The aim of the paper is to explore the concept of cultural crisis rooted in Nietzsche’s immoralist conception and invoked as an obsession of the European space by the thinkers and artists of the inter-war period. The first part of the paper shall discuss the three theories that have tried not only to explain this phenomenon but also to find its solutions: G. Simmel’s immoralist theory, the absolutist theory supported by A. Liebert and H. Massis and the organic and skeptical theory promoted by O. Spengler. Moreover, we shall try to demonstrate the way in which modern art has assumed the generalized spiritual deadlock and the ways to re-launch the direction of progress that several artistic groups of the age have suggested, i.e. the protest against the official art, the detachment from the values of former generations, the support of a new vision uncorrupted by civilization, adopted from peasant art, African art or the art of the peoples of Oceania. The second part of the paper aims to follow two local perspectives on the same matter, pertaining to L. Blaga and M. Eliade. The two Romanian thinkers pleaded everything for the rediscovery of the ethnicity and archaism as sources for the revitalization of the aged Western culture. In the case of a culture that had not had the possibility of considerable expressions that far, as was the case of Romanian culture, the rediscovery mainly of the ethnic fund could have become the spring of access into the universal circuit, which mostly interested the Romanian intellectuals of those times.
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The present paper reflects on the image Romania and Romanian immigrants have in the Spanish society, which has become a multicultural society over the past decades because of various waves of immigration. The importance and the influence of the media are topics that have been researched by many professionals in the field and it is well known that ¨the media are the main tools for building images of identity and otherness¨ (Rodrigo, 2000: 37). In other words the media are usually responsible for spreading stereotypes, usually negative ones when they deal with aspects related to Diaspora groups. Many times these stereotypes do not reflect the reality. As journalists are interpreters of the social reality, it is essential to realize that their work has considerable significance and that it influences the image people have of, for example, a certain group of immigrants. This image can help or impede the integration into the receiving country. In order to prepare this paper and draw the respective conclusions we did a micro scale analysis of the image of Romanian immigrants in the Spanish press available online. We also conducted some surveys given to both Romanian immigrants from the Region of Madrid and to Spanish people.
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In this paper we argue that blogs are virtual spaces where users’ identities are revealed, interpreted and re-interpreted by means of language. Users belong to different backgrounds and on many blogs there is a mixture of cultural identities. Hence, users succeed in interacting with people all over the world in just one space. At the same time, they create an online persona, permanently taking into account alterity, sharing information and expecting other users’ contribution. Therefore, blogs involve not only the process of self-creation, but also re-shaping other users’ identity. The blogger is implicitly in constant public exposure, a natural aspect for nowadays society and for the digital medium. Moreover, even if this is an impressive narration at a global scale, all pieces of information posted by users represent small parts of a Rubik cube. They can change position, form different structures and be part of a coherent whole, but still preserve their specificity. For instance, all bloggers are connected to other bloggers, all links/videos/commercials/ideas etc. they make public, can be used by others. In order to highlight the cultural diversity encountered on blogs, we compare Romanian, English and French users, presenting similarities and differences in their ways of creating cultural identities.
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The paper makes a debate between two concepts: education and love, presenting the possibilities as well the difficulties that one has to make in order to obtain them
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In our study we try to analyze, redefine and delimit the concepts of communication in terms of communicative and communicability. Also, we try to approach as adequate understanding of knowledge as a form of communication. Also, we want to reinstate the concepts of reason and rationality as a fundamental premise of all forms of knowledge and communication. Despite the postmodernism effort to cancel the meaning by incongruous multiplying of difference, the philosophical discourse remains a constant expression of context and contextualization.
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Researchers in the field have been more and more preoccupied, in the last years, by what trust in the organisation means and the implications this has on employees and implicitly, on companies. The interpersonal confidence is a psychological feature that is developed in time as a result of exchangeable social processes. Building the confidence is an activity that can take away a series of emotional and interpersonal obstacles, so that, it allows members of the group to concentrate their energy on the task or labour they have to accomplish. Therefore, the role of a manager, who is preoccupied to achieve good results for the company, is to develop the trust of his employees in the organisation, this endeavour being a path towards increased turnout. In this paper we will address familiar actors who work together as part of the same organisation.
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This paper aims to examine the communication in advertising along the lines of the trichotomy moral-immoral-amoral. The communication in advertising is, in principle and instrumentally, an amoral, ideal and actional construction, but its socio-cultural and economic actualizations can be characterized by the binomial moral-immoral. And often, these updates tend (themselves or through their perspective) towards the spectrum of immorality. This paper aims, from a neutral point of view, to complete this picture showing some essential forms of dynamic equilibrium between all three terms of the relationship morality-immorality-amorality in respect of the communication in advertising.
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The DELF (‘diploma in French studies’) examinations are more and more sought-after to certify one’s skills in French. The present paper deals with speaking skills and the various activities that one can perform in order to pass the aforementioned examination, and especially to achieve level B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. On this level, defending a point of view and adducing arguments are the main objectives. A person’s comprehension and good command of vocabulary, morphosyntax and also one’s mastery of the phonological system underlie the argumentation construction that mirrors a candidate’s level.
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A prejudice often found when there is talk about elderly persons is that of their uselessness, social exclusion. Also, current policies and media promote concept of the “aging successfully” involving activism ideas and productivity, postulated as normative for developments in elderly. Limit of this perspective is given by special dynamics of motivation, cognition, willpower, sociability, that alter the idea of a normative productivity and successful aging and requires a change of his coordinates and substituting it with the "aging harmonious". The reasons for this change of perspective directions come from developmental psychology, cultural psychology, gerontology. This paper examines the social demand of the elderly depending on which way they can build their productivity. One of the analyzed offers is that of experience that can be harnessed. Tutoring relies heavily on the transfer of experience between generations or between experts and novices. Education in last year put great emphasis on this phenomenon. As custodians of experience and wisdom, older people become landmarks of tutoring. They may be involved in such a diverse educational and formative situations - from behavioral problems like free time management, communication, control of aggression, to offer career counseling, career guidance or even insider- disciple relationship, the promotion and development high-level skills, or in the role of "therapists" and "trainers" of their community
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This evaluation was one of the indicators considered when I realised the usefulness of the sessions and the degree of reaching the intial objectives. I asked the participants, on the one hand, in this evaluation, to highlight their strengths and weaknesses. The novelty of the applied methods, the relaxing background, the knowledge they acquired about themselves were among the strengths above mentioned and, in addition, they were pleased about the fact that, if some of the goals couldn’t be achieved, they have been informed how to study it. Among the weaknesses, we mention the mismanagemnt of time, when the limits of these sessions were first disscused and agreed, there was an agreement for one and a half hour per session but all sessions lasted longer, for more than two hours. Also as a weak point, above mentioned, was the high frequency of the sessions, which were held during a week and a half. One more complaint was about the fact that no psychological tests were used, but the participants were explained that such tests cannot be applied anywhere and by anyone, kwnoledge about how to use tests is needed and the methodological limitations are reason for the seriousness the sessions were approached.
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Neoliberalism has been most often associated with the field of economy and politics. Their connection with the world of education poses the question regarding the extension of its definition, taking into account the dynamics of other fields but, also, the legitimacy of its application to realities for which there had not been developed characterizing principles.
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At European level, initial teacher training is developing on two major complementary coordinates: practical and theoretical preparation. Most of the UE member states admit as a weakness of initial teacher training, the practical training. The widely accepted belief is that pedagogical practice is very important in training future teachers, that is why the most perfomant educational programmes include much time to this purpose. The class practice demands in Europe are between 100 and 200 hours: 47 in Belgium, 61 in Denmark, 73 in Germany, 88 in Greece, 104 in Spain, 116 in France, 128 in Ireland, 145 in Italy, 158 in Luxemburg, 171 in Australia, 56 in Romania. (E. Noveanu, 1997, p.47). The general tendency is of prelonging the supervised practice (mentorship, internship) after graduating the University. In England, for example, a big part of the initial teacher training is being transfered in schools and classrooms. (School / Classroom Based Teacher Training). The paper presents a constatative study on competences involved in pedagogycal practice at initial teacher training level in Romania, North University Centre, Baia Mare, UTCN.
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Marcus Tullius Cicero is famous as orator, politician and author of rhetoric treaties but in this paper we also emphasize that he is at least equally philosopher and moralist. It is true, he is not a philosopher as Platon or Aristotel, but he bequathed us moral principles which are aplicable in our daily life, being a critic of the Stoics in issues such as ‘wisdom’, ‘virtue’ and ‘friendship’. Cicero is considered a representative of The New Probabilistic Academy, but in the issue of friendship he agrees more with Aristotel, for whom friendship is a virtue, or at least they are inseparable as he mentions since the beginning of The Book VIII of the Nicomachean Ethics. Cicero adopts Greek philosophical principles, but he adjusts them to the Roman reality, he is not only the creator of a Latin philosophical language that has been being bequathed till nowadays, but especially, the founder of the Roman philosophy. Laelius sive De amicitia (Laelius or About friendship) is a small treaty of moral practice conceived as a discussion among Laelius and his two sons-in-law, Q. Mucius Scaevola and Fannius, through which Cicero proposes to demonstrate that friendship after wisdom is the most valuable thing of humans.
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Like most of the Platonian dialogues Gorgias has, in addition to the inherent argumentative dimension, a definite semantic dimension, as well. Hence, the dialogue starts with a question that apparently is outside of the ethical area, but which borrows the formal structure of the famous Socratic question: “What is rhetoric?” For Socrates knowing that actually means to know its essence, to master it conceptually. The discussion is about the theoretical knowledge, the only genuine knowledge. Unlike Socrates, his interlocutors are moving more in the area of practical knowledge, of knowing how. At this point, the semantic stake of the dialogue is supported by the intervention of the ethical perspective: how to act by using what I know? In Socrates' vision the moral action presupposes knowing some clear, distinct, stable and especially non-contradictory ethical concepts. Since one of the topics of the dialogue is the very interpretation of the ethical concepts - what means "fair" and "unfair" or "good" and "bad" - can the argumentative semantics provide a grid of pertinent readings for these concepts? If yes, what could be the role of questions in the overall economics of the dialogue? In the opinion of the author, the Socratic maieutics could be seen as propaedeutics whose ultimate purpose is to correctly position the interlocutors in the ethical space.
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Mircea Eliade builds a monumental work. He is the leader of generation '27, establishing a series of essential constants for the rebuilding of Romanian spirituality. He continues the ideological line of Nae Ionescu and Vasile Pîrvan. One of his first aims is to lay the foundation of the spiritual unity of all Romanians. His second goal is to ensure the expression, in universal forms, of the Romanian spirit. He accomplishes in a series of studies a vehement critique of the Romanian political class. He approaches the problem of Romanianism and that of messianism from a lighter point of view than that of Cioran. These are major themes, which are connected to the European spirit of the historical period.
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Nowadays, migration represents a very complex and dynamic phenomenon which determines modifications in social relationships and in the sociocultural models, implications at an economic and political level and last but not least, changes at a personal level. Specialized literature and life experiences presented by the media demonstrates the fact that, sometimes, migrant’s experience is marked by difficult and contradictory feelings, migrant adopting diverse strategies for dealing with a perpetual dialectic between continuity and discontinuity, departure and closeness, resemblance and discrepancy, alienation and affiliation. The present study aims to highlight especially the implications of the migratory process upon the individual and the ways through which he passes the transition space associated with the migratory process, presenting some of the elements which define this interesting dynamic of continuity-discontinuity.
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In the philosophy of mind, biologism is the perspective by which the brain, as a whole, as a biological structure and according to its functions, is, actually, the mind. Through the biological naturalism proposed by Searle, the brain is nothing if not a „biological machine”. Starting from this idea, the road towards imagining, in the same parameters, an artificial intelligent system and, furthermore, an artificial mind, is not that long. In the philosophy of artificial intelligence, biologism and its implications bring an important contribution and are instrumental to extending the sphere of research.
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Due to the usually unfavorable historical circumstances, that characterized the Forests Area over time, unlike other Romanian provinces folklore, the Forests Area folklore began to be collected rather late. The first concerns in this respect were noticed only in the nineteenth century and we owe them to the scholar Emil Bran (1864-1941). Professor at the Seminary of Gherla for two years, between years 1886-1888, then priest in the villages Văguşel, Biuşa, Băiţa de sub Codru and Dragomireşti, Emil Bran led more than a decade Astra's Viseu- Iza Tuition. His name is linked to the first collection of folklore from the villages of the Forests Area. Ever since his studies period in Gherla, he possessed a relatively rich material, preserved in a manuscript book belonging to his son, Gheorghe Bran. At the harnessing of the folklore dowry belonging to the Forests Zone have contributed a series of exhausting lovers of the ancient Land of Forests, among which the following: Sabo Simion, Vasile Vaida, teacher Pompei Hossu-Longin from Tămăşeşti, writer Peter Dulfu from Tohat, Professor Dumitru Pop from Băseşti, Vasile Doniga, Professor and ethnologist Pamfil Bilţiu, Augustin Mocanu, Traian Rus and others. Their untiring zeal in the field of Forests folklore and spirituality deserves our admiration and gratitude, of those who live at the foot of Forests.
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This paper adresses the issues of several types of scepticism that one could find by a longitudinal reading of Wittgenstein’s entire work. It aims to highlight several of the most important elements wich qualify, from a general point of view, as degrees of scepticism, from the moderate to the radical, and the possible solutions that Wittgenstein proposes manifestly or, at least, in some cases, hints at.
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