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Transformacja współczesnej rodziny egipskiej a model rodziny w Opowieści starego Kairu Nadżiba Mahfuza – analiza genderowa

Author(s): Jakub Kościółek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2013

This article portrays the Egyptian family known from Palace Walk and influenced by modernization, which affected the traditional understanding of the gender roles. To use gender roles as a basis for any discourse on the relationship between modern and traditional family environments, in an Arabic culture, seems to be an interesting proposal. The transformation of the contemporary Egyptian family, determination of the types of characters, and relations between the sexes characteristic of the Arab cultural sphere is presented based on the author’s analysis. The article reveals the condition of an Egyptian family and the shift in its functioning, related to the conflict between the traditional and modern, in Muslim discourse and social life. The dissonance in the female and male presence in private and public spaces, as well as their ability to achieve professional fulfillment is its significant point.

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NEMATERIJALNO KULTURNO NASLIJEĐE I UPRAVLJANJE KULTURNIM PROSTORIMA U OKVIRU ISLAMSKE ZAJEDNICE U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Elvir Duranović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 97/2024

Non-material cultural heritage is or the living religious legacy, is a significant segment of the cultural identity of any ethnic or religious community. According to the UNESCO Convention, non-material cultural heritage is defined, among other things, as cultural spaces, and is manifested in five domains, of which the third incorporates: social practices, rituals and festive events. Within this domain, Bosnia and Herzegovina has Ajvatovica Pilgrimage on the Open Preliminary List of Intangible Heritage. In this article, the author presents the experience of the Islamic Community in organizing the pilgrimage to Ajvatovica, explores some prospects for preserving the sight as a living religious heritage, and points out some challenges that the organizers may face in future. The author here also discusses another cultural space, Brateljevići cave near Kladanj which could also be promoted as another sacred location along with Ajvatovica for the Preliminary List of Intangible Heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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HALİDİYE KÜTÜPHANESİNDE KAYITLI BİR KUR’AN FALI: TERCEME-İ TEFE’ÜLNÂME

Author(s): Emrah GÜNDÜZ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 27/2024

Since before, fortune telling has been one of the efforts of human beings to find meaning in the face of the uncertainty of time and the world. In our culture, many types of fortune telling were used, and Qur’an fortunes were preferred in line with religious sensitivity, especially after Islam in the Ottoman Empire. This fortune telling, which is applied as the interpretation of the letters and verses of the Qur’an with the bibliomancy method, is also called Tefeulname. Tefeul (Bibliomancy), which is an Arabic word, means to interpret favourably. Many artefacts have been given in our history of this type of literature. One of them is the work called Terceme-i Tefeulname, which is covered in this article. The work written in Ottoman Turkish and determined in The Khalidi Library in Jerusalem is dated 1793-1794. It is noteworthy that the fortune-telling culture, which is not applied especially from an Islamic point of view and whose credibility is incorrect, is texted by including the Qur’an in the form of bibliomancy. On the other hand, the curiosity of Muslim societies and the enthusiasm to know the future have enabled different meanings to be given to bibliomancy and increased the interest in these fortune texts. Based on this, in this article, the meaning world of the Qur’an fortunes, which were texted in Ottoman society, was tried to be interpreted, and the translated written text of the aforementioned work was presented.

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Le Problème de l’interprétation chez Al-Ghazâlî (1058-1111)

Author(s): Mohammed Lachkar / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2020

Our intervention will deal with the problem of interpretation in the thought of Alghazali. Starting from the chronology of his works, we will try to describe the contours and the nuances of his concept of interpretation, but, at the same time, to emphasize the context and the framework of this concept both theoretically and practically. First of all, we mention that it is not possible, concerning the issue of interpretation, to set a clear distinction in the works of Alghazali, between the purely theoretical writings and others with a purely practical character. However, if the ideas of Alghazali are often the home of alternation between the contextual approach focusing more on the practical illustration and the abstract approach regarding the theoretical foundation, it is true that these ideas are, as a whole, governed by unifying and constant principles. For this reason, we prefer not to analyze the conception of Alghazali in the paradigm of the couple theoretical/practical, but to approach him moreover starting from the fundamental principles that create a sort of general framework for the deployment and usage of the interpretation process. There are three such principles. The first concerns the unchangeable aspect of interpretation; the second, the hierarchical aspect; and the third, the undefined aspect.

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Revisiting Post-Islamism a Decade After the Arab Spring

Author(s): Mohammad Affan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The Arab Spring uprisings marked a watershed moment in regional politics, significantly impacting Islamist movements in terms of strategies, ideologies, and organizational structures. Accordingly, this paper examines whether these dramatic events strengthened or weakened the post-Islamist evolution of traditional political Islam movements, focusing on the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (E-MB) and the Tunisian Ennahda Movement Party (EMP) as case studies. The proposed hypothesis is that the Arab Spring has variably influenced Islamists. In Egypt, it initially weakened the post-Islamist turn of the E-MB. However, owing to the 2013 coup and subsequent repression, the E-MB was politically excluded and weakened, creating a vacuum that was filled by various forms of less political or non-ideological forms of Islamic activism. The Tunisian Islamists had a different story. The Arab Spring seems to have strengthened their transition to post-Islamism. In its tenth conference, the EMP declared its exit from political Islam, adopting the new concept of Muslim Democracy. Even after the presidential takeover in July 2021, which resulted in the political exclusion of the EMP, the Work and Achievement party that defected from it maintained clear post-Islamist features.

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Islam Penginyongan: Orientation of Local Wisdom towards Ebeg Tradition in Islamic Studies and Local Culture

Author(s): - Nawawi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Javanese culture has become the center of study for many Indonesians, due to its historical dominance in the fields of politics, economics, culture, and its status as a major ethnic group in the archipelago. Throughout its history, Javanese culture has gradually absorbed various elements and influences and has been influenced by various interactions for more than a millennium from foreign cultures and civilizations. Islamic values, harmony between movement, music and lyrics in art ok can represent spiritual concepts in Javanese beliefs. This ritual becomes a channel for the expression of spirituality, connecting humans with higher dimensions and honoring the presence of spiritual forces. The method in this research is qualitative. The results of this research are: in art ok, process machine is a powerful reflection of humanity's greed and lust for the world. This is a moral message and reminder about the importance of maintaining balance, caring for spiritual values, and avoiding excessive attachment to material things that can disrupt one's relationship with God. Through procession machine will provide a moral message about the importance of controlling oneself and avoiding negative behavior that can harm oneself and others. Just as this procession illustrates the effects of uncontrolled lust, so too can behavior such as gambling and other vices have a negative impact on a person's life and social relationships. On the other hand, Art ok encourage responsibility to maintain good relationships with law. In all, procession machine for someone is a form of expression of gratitude, appreciation, and happiness to law.

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The Role of Digital Platforms in Studying the Holy Qur’an: A Case Study based on the Voices of Students from Diverse Cultures at the Prophet’s Mosque

Author(s): Ayman Mohammed Zohdi,Fahad Saleem Al-Hafdi,Waleed Salim Alhalafawy / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

All through the past few years, digital platforms have witnessed a widespread and a significant increase in their popularity, coinciding with the increasing dependence on modern technologies and the increasing need for communication and distance education. Digital platforms have proven their efficiency in various educational fields, but few studies have addressed the role of digital platforms in improving the study of the Qur’an. The Prophet’s Mosque is one of the biggest mosques that provides the service of studying the Holy Qur’an relying on multiple methods, including digital platforms which are used in a specific context for teaching the Qur’an to students from various cultural backgrounds from different countries. Accordingly, the current study aims to study the case of digital platforms used in teaching the Holy Qur’an in the Prophet’s Mosque by relying on listening to (7) voices of students studying the Qur’an from different cultural backgrounds. To implement this study, the qualitative case study approach was adapted through interviews and qualitative observation of participating students. According to the outputs of the objective analysis, the results of the study showed that the roles of digital platforms in teaching the Holy Qur’an to students from diverse cultural backgrounds are based on four main topics: educational flexibility, educational efficiency, educational satisfaction, interaction, and participation. These results showed the possibility of expanding the generalization of the experience of the Prophet's Mosque in teaching the Holy Qur’an via digital platforms, as this experience showed that teaching in this way contributes to creating positive attitudes towards digital platforms, enhancing participation in Qur’anic circles, facilitating communication between teachers and students, providing assistance, ease of access, and flexibility of study, which contributes to the continuation of education.

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Freedom of Religion of Muslims in Finland: Impediments in Legislative and Societal Structures

Author(s): Merilii Mykkänen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Freedom of religion and the right to equality and non-discrimination are significant human and fundamental rights that are currently under-researched in the Finnish context. This article analyses how different legislative and societal structures adversely affect the realisation of positive religious freedom for Muslims in Finland by examining two case studies: freedom of religion among Muslim prisoners, and the impermissibility of headscarves as part of the police uniform. The article argues that although Finnish legislation does not directly limit freedom of religion, it contains structures that hinder the realisation of positive religious freedom for Muslims. These stem from the close relationship between the state and the Evangelical Lutheran Church, and from prejudicial attitudes that manifest together or separately. Such structures may lead to an unequal position for Muslims compared to Christians in society, and can constitute discrimination.

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AI Threat and Digital Disruption: Examining Indonesian Ulema in the Context of Digital Culture

Author(s): Robby Habiba Abror,Rabiatul Adawiah,Sofia Nanum / Language(s): English Issue: 67/2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed the perspectives and needs of the Islamic community in relation to the presence and roles of religious figures, particularly ulema or Islamic scholars. Concurrently, the acknowledgment of religious figures and their roles has emerged as a crucial axis for the Islamic community to anchor their religious needs and address pertinent issues. This study adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, incorporating online observations and evaluations of both formal and informal policies. It objectively delineates how the roles of scholars have evolved in response to the intricate challenges faced by the community due to AI. The emergence of Artificial Intelligence has enabled individual autonomy and liberty, establishing digital cultural terrors as an unavoidable reality. AI has repositioned users (the community) from passive followers within religious society to active participants engaging with AI to tackle various pressing religious concerns. Furthermore, this research discerns that the digital culture, encompassing both followers (the community) and religious figures, has depersonalized individuals in their autonomous and liberated thought processes. The Islamic community and religious figures must not dismiss the AI threat as a form of digital cultural terror that has seamlessly become ingrained in their lives. Consequently, they must demonstrate the ability to embrace an open and critical stance in their interactions with AI.

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Digital Religion: The Packaging and Persuasion of Celebrity Preachers in Contemporary Indonesia

Author(s): Moch. Khafidz Fuad Raya / Language(s): English Issue: 67/2024

Digital platforms and social media development have brought major changes in mediating religion with technology. This makes new means and even new methodologies of digital religion in the contemporary era. The emergence of Islamic da'wah applications and the proliferation of Islamic social media have created a new form of universal religious involvement in Indonesia's digital space. This article examines the use of digital platforms and social media created and managed by two celebrity preachers, Aa Gym and Das’ad Latif. Focusing on the Islamic application ‘Aa Gym Apps' and social media on Instagram and YouTube, these two celebrity preachers created a new, broader religious authority. In addition, the packaging and persuasion of the two preachers, who have different characteristics, have attracted millions of followers from upper elite segments of society and urban millennial Muslims who are untouched by other preachers. By using Shusterman's analysis of aesthetic arguments and persuasive perception, this research highlights the intimacy and visibility of two preachers articulating Islam on digital platforms and social media. This study argues that using digital platforms and social media has enabled celebrity preachers to continue to exist in the contemporary era and create visibility for preaching that transcends the boundaries of space and time.

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E-Jihad or the Way Islamic Fundamentalists Utilize Digital and ICT Progress

Author(s): Katarzyna Czornik / Language(s): English Issue: 67/2024

This paper aims to verify the research thesis stating that the combination of Islam and the digital, information and communications, and technological progress has both a bright (positive) and, unfortunately, a dominant, dark (negative) side. Islam and digital or ICT progress are not contradictory, and the proper use of digital tools, without resorting to violence, expansion or war, serves the development and strengthening of Islam. Nevertheless, in the twenty-first century digital progress has proven to be the phenomenon which most noticeably influenced the expansion of terrorist (jihadist) attitudes and has become a catalyst for the emergence and rapid development of cyber jihad within the cyber ummah. For Islamic fundamentalists, tradition remains crucial, but radical scholars in Islamic law argue that to defend that tradition against Western influences, one must embrace the latest and most advanced digital technologies. E-jihad has thus become one of the most effective forms of both offensive and defensive jihad, and it can be presumed that its development will continue in the coming decades. The popularity, consolidation, and development of e-jihad are directly proportional to digital progress.

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Antagonizam okcidentalnog odreðenja umjetnosti i karakterizacije modaliteta diskursa Qadar/Sinaʿata

Author(s): Mehmed A. Akšamija / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 1/2024

The paper analyzes the relationship between Occidental-Westernized understanding of art and a possible status of art within an integrated discourse – al-thawābit al-islāmiyyah, as well as the aesthetic-metaphysical experience of the traditional Islamic systematization of knowledge – ṣināʿat al-ʿilm, and the action of making a visual form beautiful – ṣināʿat al-taṣwīr. Particular attention attention is attached to the concept of qadar/ṣināʿat, where it is possible to distinguish between homo islamicus’s ornamental activity of recognitive type and the cognitive productive-reflective representation of collaborative disposition. Due to the simultaneous existence of unity and difference within the aestheticized activity/ṣināʿat of recognitive type (ornamental form) – al-ṣināʿat al-zukhrufiyyah, the paper strives to show that the traditional systematization of knowledge provides the most complete expression to the aesthetic meaning of the unity-difference dialectic, which is in turn manifested in the qadar/ṣināʿat discourse under the umbrella of ṣināʿat al-taḥsīn – the issue of the modalities of discourse in the context of pictorial activity/ṣināʿat rather than fann al-taḥsīn. Still, a particular emphasis is placed on the parallel existence of a kind of informative initiation of applied form – al-ṣināʿat al-taṭbīqiyah aimed at achieving a distinctive content-related goal of aestheticized activity/ṣināʿat of homo islamicus, where he is not involved in imitation or figural representation with a special importance of the pure figural phantasm (miniature visual representation/books of Arabic and Persian manuscript). The paper also analyzes and substantiates meanings of the Arabic word al-fann, and raises the question as to why the word al-fann has been selected to refer to the phenomenon of art in modern Arabic, rather than the word al-ṣināʿah (skill, practical knowledge). To articulate the answer, the paper studies the words in Arabic lexicographic, non-lexical, i.e. semantic tradition, and substantiates and defines the reason for the established use of the word al-ṣināʿah within qadar/ṣināʿat, i.e. the science of the pictorial – ʿilm al-taṣāwīr.

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Dobrodušni Albanac: Bajram Murati i zaštitnici Islama - drugi dio

Author(s): Abdullah Drury / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 1/2024

This article analyses the biography of Bajram Murati (1930-2013), an Albanian refugee to New Zealand, and the contentions over symbolic spaces and meaning within the New Zealand Muslim community over the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. At the centre of the analysis stand the ongoing negotiations between Murati, as director-general of the New Zealand Council of the World Muslim Congress, and other Muslim community representatives over leadership. Such an examination reveals much about the wider immigrant experience and the nuanced evolution of Islam inside a secular society of Anglo-European Christian heritage. The author contextualizes the cultural and social setting of his life, highlighting both his commercial interests outside the religious organisations and his extensive discussions on faith issues. As should become obvious, the notion of a simple Albanian-Muslim rivalry with Asian-immigrants does not suffice to explain in depth the complex mechanisms at work. Altogether intra-Muslim communal competition, the reshaping of Islamic identities and solidarities across the country, and variegated political discourse have generated differences and loyalties that go well beyond one-dimensional ethnic conditionalities.

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Antagonizam okcidentalnog određenja umjetnosti i karakterizacije modaliteta diskursa Qadar/Sinaʿata - treći dio

Author(s): Mehmed A. Akšamija / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 2/2024

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Strani utjecaji na islam u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1995. godine

Author(s): Juan Carlos Antunez Moreno / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 2/2024

This paper describes the historical role of Islam as the majority religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the predominantly Christian religion in Europe. A special focus was placed on the activities of the Islamic Community in Bosnia-Herzegovina during the recent war and peace in the struggle to preserve the Islamic tradition of Bosniaks against the foreign influence of some radical elements of "Salefism" and "Wahhabism". Not ignoring the external criticism of some international and local media, as well as the criticism of some voices from within the Islamic community itself, of the leaders of the Islamic community because they were not alert enough about foreign influence, the author recognizes that they nevertheless faced the challenge of foreign influence on the Islamic tradition of Bosniaks wisely and responsibly in a way to ensure the unity and stability of the Islamic community as well as the Bosnian society as a whole. Therefore, the author concludes that the example of supreme Islamic leadership could play a constructive role as a bridge builder between the Islamic world and Christianity in Europe. For Bosnian Muslims belong to Europe geographically, historically and culturally. It is the sense of the author of this paper that Bosnia has been practicing Islam in its own way for centuries. Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina have a long history of multicultural society. They are proof that Islam, as it is understood and practiced in Bosnia, has its legitimate place in Europe, against those who claim that Islam is not compatible with European civilization.

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IMOVINSKI STATUS ŽENE U ISLAMU U DJELIMA JOSEPHA F. SCHACHTA

Author(s): Amina SVRAKA / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 99/2024

Joseph F. Schacht was one of the most significant orientalists of the last century and a leading expert among the orientalists in the field of Sharia law. His works still are the basis for studying Sharia law in the West. His research includes analyses of the position of women in Islam in which regard his position reflects the opinion that in the pre-Islamic society, women had lesser rights and that Islam brought significant changes and improved their status. This article aims to analyse his understanding and interpretation of women’s property rights in Islam. The research focuses on two Schacht’s works: The Origin of Muhammedan Jurisprudence and An Introduction to Islamic Law. Schacht’s selection and interpretation of the Qur’anic ayahs regarding women’s property rights, his understanding of the woman’s right to a wedding gift, her right to financial support and her inheritance rights are also presented here.

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ANGAŽMAN HUSEINA ĐOZE U GAZI HUSREV-BEGOVOJ MEDRESI I NJEGOV POGLED NA POZICIJU MLADIH IZMEĐU TRADICIJE I MODERNOSTI

Author(s): Behija Durmišević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 99/2024

In the year 1960, Husein Đozo was elected a head of the Religious-education Office of the Islamic Community of Yugoslavia. In the academic year 1960/61, he started his service in Gazi Husrev-bey’s Madrasa. From that year onward there he taught the following subjects: aqaid, fiqh, tafseer, hadith, akhlaq and the methodology of delivering lectures in a jamaat. Working with the students, discussing the Muslim society, he stressed the need to overcome ignorance, and narrow-mindedness and to adjust to the new contemporary developments, adopting the new social, political, cultural and all other circumstances. Throughout the sixties of the 20th century, Husein Đozo spoke and wrote about the youth. Often stressing the elements in our society that could be classified as the problems of the youth. However, he pointed out that the problem of the youth cannot be isolated and viewed outside of the framework of society as a whole. The life of the young people expresses some kind of a revolt which can ultimately be seen as a movement forward and progress.

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TERAVIH-IMAMI NA PODRUČJU VAREŠA

Author(s): Azmir Muftić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 99/2024

For centuries, Islamic religious life in remote villages and suburbs which did not have permanent imams, was intensified during the month of Ramdan with the arrival of taraweeh-imams. Prior to opening of new maktabs, masajeed and mosques, taraweeh salah was offered in private houses, often in the home of the imam. Before or after the prayer, imams would deliver a lecture, teaching the locals in rural areas about the basic teachings of Islam. The author here presents taraweeh-imams from Vareš of the 20th century, using the available materials from the Archives of the Majlis of the Islamic Community in Vareš and interviews. Along with brief biographies of the imams, the author also elaborates on the circumstances and organisation of taraweeh salah before and after the Second World War, when the communist government held absolute control over the religious affairs of Bosniaks.

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RIJEČ (IZ) TIŠINE

Author(s): Almir Fatić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 99/2024

Review of: Kemal Ljevaković, Riječ (iz) tišine. Tešanj: Opća biblioteka, 2023.

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NASILJE U PORODICI, NJEGOVO SPREČAVANJE (AL-'UNF AL-USARĪ WA MAŃUHU) I OBAVEZE LIJEPOG SUŽIVOTA SUPRUŽNIKA U FIKHU EVROPSKOG VIJEĆA ZA FETVE I ISTRAŽIVANJA

Author(s): Ahmed Hatunić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 10/2024

U narednim redovima obradit ćemo pitanje nasilja u porodici, ali i upotrebe bilo kakvog fizičkog udarca u odgajanju ili preodgajanju članova porodice, što je tema aktualna u mislimanskim zajednicama ovoga i prošlih vremena i koja je izazivala brojne polemike kako među učenjacima tako i među muslimanskim masama. O tome ćemo govoriti kroz prizmu rješenja Evropskog vijeća za fetve i istraživanja, stavova islamskih pravnika i zakona nekih savremenih arapskih zemalja. Upustit ćemo se u stavove islamskih pravnika i njihove argumente po pitanju upotrebe bilo kakvog udarca u cilju odgoja i preodgajanja, nastojeći, putem tradicije Allahovoga Poslanika, s.a.v.s., i vjerodostojnih tumačenja kur'anskog ajeta ...pa ih i udarite ( faḍribūhunna), doći do ispravnoga stava zabrane nasilja i izbjegavanja upotrebe fizičkog kažnjavanja u porodici. Također, u radu ćemo se baviti obavezom i lijepog suživota među članovima porodice, što je preduvjet nepostojanja bilo kakvoga oblika nasilja među njima. Pribjegli smo potpunom rasvjetljavanju teme kroz sučeljavanje različitih stavova i argumenata da bismo došli do ispravnih zaključaka i spriječili evidentnu zloupotrebu dijela navedenoga kur'anskog ajeta kod nekih muslimana.

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