Категорията „отношение“ като структурен момент на историчност във византийската философия

Author(s): Smilen Markov / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian Issue: 20/2014

The metaphysical intuitions, which dominate Byzantine mental culture, favor exactly that, which is considered inferior and secondary in Neo-Platonism, namely, individual existence and movement. The concept of the ontological structure of creation is extremely dynamic. This dynamism stays behind the strategies of some of the Byzantine commentators of Aristotle for interpreting the category ‘relation’. They develop the ideas of Porphyry and Olympiodorus, who try to find a general explanatory model, in order to integrate all types of relations (potential and actual, unilateral and reciprocal) into one coherent system. John Damascene, Photios and Scholarios speculate on different patterns for presenting the last six categories in Aristotle’s list as derivative from the first four. They introduce two important ontological principles, when dealing with the category ‘relation’: 1) relations are manifestations of the essential energy, which is immanent to the essence and is a constant existential activity; 2) created essences are relational, which is why the hypostatical identity, although not relational in itself, is properly expressed through them. By Maximus Confessor one can reconstruct the metaphysical dimensions of these analytical transformations. For him relation is a guarantee and a tool for overcoming the divisions of the world and for its deification. Responsible for this transition is the cognitive capacity of man, which internalizes all the relations of being, thus realizing the eschatological goal of human history.

Wiara źródłem radosnego świadectwa o Chrystusie

Author(s): Henryk Szmulewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Wiara i radość są ze sobą ściśle powiązane. Pełnia radości zależy od stopnia wiary. Obserwacja współczesnego świata przynosi jednak niepokojące dane, według których wielu wierzących w Chrystusa zatrzymuje się na radości „chwilowej”, „płytkiej”, „niegodnej”, „grzesznej”. W konsekwencji traci związek z prowadzonym przez Kościół dziełem ewangelizacji. Będąc Bożym darem, wiara domaga się konkretnej odpowiedzi ze strony człowieka. Niniejsze studium jest przypomnieniem argumentacji teologicznej (szczególnie biblijnej i eklezjologicznej), według której głęboka wiara jest nieodzowna do dawania radosnego świadectwa o Chrystusie. Faith and joy are closely linked. The fullness of joy depends on the level of faith. However, today’s world observation brings alarming data, which show that many believers in Christ remain on a joy that is “temporary”, “shallow”, “unworthy” and “sinful”. As a consequence they lose connection with the evangelization promoted by the Church. Faith as God’s gift requires a specific answer from a man. This study is a recollection of a theological argumentation (especially biblical and ecclesiological), according to which deep faith is indispensable to give joyful testimony to Christ.

Sprawozdanie z trzeciej edycji wykładów w cyklu Kościelne Dzieje Piły, październik 2015 – czerwiec 2016

Author(s): Jarosław Wąsowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

Salezjańskie wydawnictwa promujące sanktuarium Matki Bożej Bolesnej w Skrzatuszu

Author(s): Jarosław Wąsowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

The Salesians took care of the Parish Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Maryand the Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows in Skrzatusz in the years 1952-2001. As a part of theirmission in the Church and the expectations raised by the dioceses and religious superiors theytried to promote the place of worship through the mass media. The study attempts to reflect onthe ground of the pastoral commitment of spiritual sons of St. John Bosco during their servicein the main sanctuary of the Virgin Mary in Koszalin-Kolobrzeg diocese.

Bierzmowanie – sakramentem dojrzałości czy sakramentem kształtowania dojrzałości?

Author(s): Kazimierz Misiaszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2017

In colloquial language as well as in the catechesis and religion lessons taught in schools, Confirmation is described as a sacrament of maturity. However, such description is incorrect as in the Polish Church Confirmation is received by young people of secondary school age. At such an age young people are still undergoing quite a dynamic development before achieving maturity in personality and life. For Confirmation to be considered as a sacrament of maturity it would need to possess some “magic” functions, for example, at the time of receiving Confirmation an immature young individual would immediately become a mature person. Therefore, Confirmation should be interpreted as a sacrament of coming of age, of emerging maturity. This is because in accordance with its definition, the purpose of Confirmation is to support the development, to stimulate Christian excellence. Consequently, it is necessary to move away from understanding Confirmation as a sacrament of maturity and to stress its developing functions in Christian education.

Aneks 3 – Fotografie

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

Zarys kultu Matki Bożej w kolegiacie w Łasku

Author(s): Piotr Zwoliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2000

Arcybiskup gnieźnieński, Jarosław Bogoria Skotnicki, w 1366 r. erygował tu parafię. Parafia pod wezwaniem Matki Boskiej i Świętego Michała Archanioła została powołana do życia przy drewnianym kościele, który wzniesiono prawdopodobnie już w 1356 r. Fundatorami tego dzieła byli właściciele osady, protoplaści rodu Łaskich, pieczętujący się herbem Korab. Oni też wystarali się u króla Władysława Jagiełły w 1422 r. o nadanie osadzie praw miejskich. W celu gospodarczego ożywienia miasta Aleksander Jagiellończyk w 1504 r. nadał Łaskowi wiele przywilejów, którymi cieszyły się miasta królewskie.

Duszpasterstwo redemptorystów polskich wśród Polonii w Niemczech

Author(s): Marian Brudzisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2006

The apostolic activity of Redemptorists was resumed in the Polish territories in 1883 aside to national missions, and soon crossed the old Polish frontiers. Pastoral care for the Poles abroad started as early as 1891 from the „most abandoned” Polish workers in Germany, mainly in Westfalia and Nadrenia. Later on there were expeditions further into czarist Russia, as far as Siberia and the Caucuses, reaching the then groups of Poles. The first missionary expedition to the Poles in Germany was organised by Fr Bernard Łubieński who lived in Galicia and took up apostolic tasks in the Prussian partition. He soon realised where the Poles wandered „for bread”. In 1891 Fr Łubieński together with Fr Antoni Jedkie conducted a mission for 1000 Polish workers in Langendreer. After that Fr Bernard preached his famous sermon for Poles in the Redemptorist church in Bochum, the church called „Polish church”. Later on there were further missions and expeditions made by Redemptorists in 1899, 1900, 1901, 1910, and 1931. They travelled from one place to another. The German authorities, including some church authorities, were not very happy to see Polish priests who contributed to support the Polish spirit and thereby made the Germanisation of Poles difficult. In the context of the policy of Germanization, German Redemptorists would send from 1899 onwards their subordinates to the monasteries in Galicia and then in Poland to learn the Polish language. Among them we find Henryk Mann and Paweł Porbadnik. They were devoted to Poles with all their hearts. Polish Redemprists restarted pastoral care among Poles in Germany in 1945. These were prisoners of concentration camps: Jan Szymaszek, Wacław Pilarczyk, and Tadeusz Tybor. They were found by Jan Schultz, the chaplain of the American army, amongst several hundred priests from Dachau, and on 8the June they were introduced to Augsburg Bishop Kumpfmuller. The Bishop established pastoral care for Poles in Augsburg, and Fr. Szymaszek was appointed a parish priest. They worked together for a short period. Fr. Szymaszek still worked in Augsburg, Fr. Tybor went to Dillingen and there, on 2nd June 1946, he died in a car accident. Pilarczyk wandered from a centre to a centre, working were he was sent to work. In 1950 Fr. Szymaszek went to Denmark, and Fr. Pilarczyk to Argentina. The third period, the years from 1972 onwards, when the Redemptorists were employed to work in the Polish Catholic Missions in Germany, first in Landshut (1972), then in Munich (1978), and in Stuttgart (1981). Initially, they worked as priests, and then from 1978 onwards as parish priests and vicars. These missions work for several churches (Munich) or distant centres (up to 100 km): Landshut and Stuttgart. There special action in Germany was the „peregrination” of a cope of the icon of Our Lady of Częstochowa in the Polish centres of pastoral care, preceded by missions or recollections (1979-1981).

Konwent kamedułów wigierskich i jego oddziaływanie religijne, kulturowe i gospodarcze na obszarze dzisiejszej Suwalszczyzny

Author(s): Ryszard Sawicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The hermitage of Wigry Island has not got a full monograph study so far. This article brings new and fundamental arrangements regarding to the Camaldolese monastery in Wigry. It shows the region of present-day Suwalki, before the hermits came. It presents the state of research over the history of hermitages in Wigry. It depicts circumstances of the founding process made by the King John Casimir in 1667, building of the monastery complex in Wigry and the arranging process of the peninsula. It describes the process of everyday life of the hermits, their pastoral care of local population. Camaldolese are presented as pioneers of economic development in the region of Suwalki. It presents their 132 years activity in religious, cultural, social and economical aspect that was stopped by winding up the monastery in the Prussian annexation. This article enrich all knowledge up to now on Camaldolese monastery in Wigry, expands historiographic and pastoral output in the extent of research of history of Suwalki region.

CRKVA I »AUTONOMIJA ZEMALJSKIH STVARI« PREMA KONSTITUCIJI »GAUDIUM ET SPES«

Author(s): Miljenko Aničić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2013

Faced with numerous and profound social changes, in the Second Vatican Council the Church set for itself a task to once again raise awareness and show its members and the modern world the essence of Christian faith. The Pastoral Constitution »Gaudium et Spes« not only rejects the dualistic opposition of the Church and the world, but clearly highlights the Council’s opening of the Church to the world. Regarding the world, the Council offers a differentiated image with its positive and negative aspects and challenges. Gaudium et Spes calls one of these challenges »the autonomy of earthly affairs«. This article seeks to explore this for the modern man and the world important topic. The Council distinguishes between relative or legitimate and absolute or illegitimate autonomy. The discussion on this topic is much older and it goes back to the early centuries of Christianity, but it was not until the Second Vatican Council that it was adequately defined. To position this topic correctly it is necessary to consider both the Council’s image of man and of the world, and also to examine the ambivalence of the relationship between religion and the world, the Church and society. The autonomy of earthly affairs encompasses a wide range of human activities.

Aneks 4 – Fotografie

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2019

ORGELFORSCHUNG IN EUROPÄISCHEM GEIST. DIE ORGELLANDSCHAFTEN RUMÄNIENS IN GESCHICHTE UND GEGENWART AM BEISPIEL DER TEMESWARER ORGELBAUFIRMA WEGENSTEIN

Author(s): Franz Metz / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2019

In Romania there are two of Europe’s major organ landscapes: Transylvania and Banat, which have developed within several centuries. They show own characteristics but have also attributes in common with the Bohemian, Austrian and Southern German organbuilding. The organ builders of those two cultural areas came mainly from other parts of Europe and settled down here. Because of the several demarcation changes resulting from both World Wars of the 20th century the organs of Banat and Transylvania can be documented only by international research and investigation. For the time being the last major organbuilding company of Romania was the one of Wegenstein family in Timisoara. The instruments of this factory are located today in churches and synagogues in Romania, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovakia, Ukraine and Bulgaria. Special historical value is apportioned to the Wegenstein organ of the Catherine church in Timisoara and the one of the basilica Maria Radna. In the publications of Dr. István David we can find also important information about many Wegenstein organs of Transylvania. The Wegenstein company had to stop business after the second World War due to the political circumstances in then Romania and has been disappropriated by the state in 1972. Thereby almost 300 years history of Banat organbuilding came to an end.

ÁROKHÁTY BÉLA – AZ ORGONATERVEZŐ

Author(s): Károly Fekete / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

This study present Béla Árokháty’s biography, who was not only a musician but also a minister leading and inspiriting his flock. It also highlights that the people rebelled against him because of the novelties he adopted. Béla Árokháty was convinced that the Protestant musical treasure must become accessible to all. In several of his writings, he accepted the rules regarding religious church music and instrumentation, but from the beginning of his religious musicological activity and, until the last, his aim was to favour the widespread adoption of church music in the Reformed Protestant service. Very few of his contemporaries recognized his personality and mission, however he was the one who launched the reform of the musical culture in the Protestant communities of the 20th century. Béla Árokháty’s exceptional initiatives and his achievements have largely contributed to raising Hungarian Reformed religious music to European standards.

HAJDÚBÖSZÖRMÉNY REFORMÁTUS ORGONÁI

Author(s): Balázs Szabó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

The main churches in Hajdúböszörmény, both of remarkable size inherit two Angster-organs with 3 manuals. The older and bigger organ in the church of Bocskai Square was built 1902 with three manuals and 46 stops. All divisions are constructed with different windchests by using tubular pneumatic action: the great and pedal with cone chest, the second manual with Witzig-type pneumatic windchest and the third manual using the Angster-type pneumatic windchest. This is indeed a unique solution by Angster, later one he never used the Witzig-systhem again, for pneumatic windchests he used the Angster-type pneumatic construction. The organ in the Kálvin Square church was originally built 1899, with slider chests, tracker action and barker lever, pneumatic action for the stops. Angster rebuilt it in 1914, the organ received new Angster-type pneumatic windchests and a new console with roll-player mechanism with three manuals and 38 stops. After several modifications, the organ was reconstructed to its original state in 2014–2016 as the first pneumatic-reconstruction project in Hungary. The Bocskai Square organ is after improper reparations still unplayable, the congregation launched benefit concerts by professionals in November 2018 to gain bigger public attention to this organ-treasure.

LISZT FERENC PRÓFÉTA-FANTÁZIÁJA MINT ORGONAMŰ. AZ ELSŐ KIADÁS TANULSÁGAI

Author(s): Balázs Méhes / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

The piece in the title, dated back in 1850, was a milestone. It is not only the first and most significant organ piece of Liszt, but also one of those pieces which every organist has to deal with sooner or later, and for the interpretation, they have to ask and answer many questions. For this study, the first edition, published in 1852 and available online, provides many references, while the manuscript is difficult to access. It is no coincidence that, at the hundredth anniversary of Bach’s death, Liszt began to write a large-scale organ piece to worship the art of the great composer. It may also be intentional to date the completion of the piece on the Remembrance Day of the Reformation. Both the inevitability of the composition, and the Protestant aspects, and not lastly, the personal commitment of Professor István Dávid to the piece, prompt me to try to find answers to some of the basic questions of this grandiose piece, and publish them – without the need of completeness – in the book to be published in honour of him.

LEZÁRÓDÁS ÉS/VAGY FOLYTATÁS. CSOMASZ TÓTH KÁLMÁN MUNKÁSSÁGÁNAK NÉHÁNY KÉRDÉSE ÉS AZ INTERNET

Author(s): Csaba Fekete / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

The Protestant congregations have been singing in the churches from the beginnings but not as the official part of the service. The singing style changed in the 20th century but only in the case of Latin liturgical rites. Singing and the manner of Scripture reading were not similar in the Middle Ages to the Biblical times either. During the centuries, new forms and manners of content expression were adopted by the church. The content and the form were not inseparable. The free-style and set forms of the service, reading and singing for the ministers and the congregation significantly changed. They did not completely break away from the roots, however during the centuries there were several earlier elements that were left aside.In the mid-20th century, Kálmán Csomasz Tóth (1902–1988) wished to stop the process of oblivion by inventorying the Hungarian Protestant airs dating back to the 16th century. And thus, he edited the first Hungarian handbook of this kind. In 2017, another important work by Kálmán Csomasz Tóth was published, namely the air collection known by the profession as RMDT I. It both preserves and creates values, and for this reason, it is our responsibility to preserve it and pass it on by means of today’s modern preservation techniques, namely the Internet.In his study, the author discusses the works that our generation needs to preserve even more so because it sensitively touches upon the current and future use of the Reformed book of chant.

„GYERMEK SZÜLETÉK BETLEMBEN.” EGY KÖZÉPKORI KANCIÓ AZ OLTSZAKADÁTI EVANGÉLIKUSOK HAGYOMÁNYÁBAN

Author(s): Timea Benkő / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

Several Hungarian-speaking Transylvanian Lutheran congregations of the 20th century have sung Gregorian passions together with a number of liturgical songs belonging to the Holy Week (such as Kyrie puerorum, Lamentatio Mariae). The Lutheran congregation in Oltszakadát is the only Lutheran congregation in Transylvania, that owns an exemplar of the so-called Öreg Graduál, the Protestant book of devotion that includes these items. The handwritten notes in the Gradual from Oltszakadát, as well as the corrections done by hand in the case of worn-out pages that contained often-sung liturgical hymns, all emphasize the fact of the Gradual’s actual regular use. The congregation in Oltszakadát kept till this day the specific singing practice of Puer natus set in the old hymnals and graduals. The local Hungarian version of the medieval cantio starting with the words Puer natus in Betlehem in hoc novo anno, is sung by the congregation on Christmas Eve’s service, and is repeated in the tower-song subsequent to the church service. The local Hungarian version, starting with Gyermek születék Betlemben ez új esztendőben is actually a variant of the cantio with the same name present in the Gradual from Eperjes (Eperjesi Graduál). The practice of Puer natus singing is still alive in Transylvanian Saxon-Lutheran congregations, and some congregations have recently readopted it. Whether it be due to the Saxon influence or the close relationship to the Gradual from Eperjes, the congregants from Oltszakadát sing the song in simple polyphony.

„…HOGY EGYEK LEGYENEK, MINT MI” – AZ EGYSÉG KÉRDÉSE

Author(s): Sarolta Püsök / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

2019 is the Year of unity in the Hungarian Reformed Church since 10 years ago, when the Hungarian Reformed Churches on 22 May expressed their unity by accepting a common constitution. In the era of Reformation, in the 16th century the young reformed church of the Hungarian territories was divided in three parts. The Western region was brought under the rule of the Habsburg Empire, in the Eastern territory the independent Principality of Transylvania emerged and the biggest “third” of the former kingdom, the part in the middle was conquered by the Ottomans. The first common organizational structure for the whole Hungarian Reformed Church was possible only in 19th century, following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The developing of the first constitution was finished in 1881, in Debrecen. After the two World Wars the Hungarian Reformed people lived not only in Hungary, but with a sudden political move they were citizens of Austria, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. In the latter century there have arisen significant Hungarian Reformed communities also in distant lands, not only in the traditionally Hungarian region. The Consultative Convent prepared a common liturgy and hymnal beyond the harmonization of reformed church law, which is a considerable result for the songs are important factors of unity.The disgregation / fragmentation is an old problem of humanity and of Christianity. The alternative is the koinonia, the true communion with God and with fellows. This study has its purpose in seeking possibilities to realize unity between people, the fellows in Jesus Christ.

A PRÉDIKÁCIÓ A LITURGIÁBAN

Author(s): Szabolcs Szetey / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

In the present paper, I examine the relationship between preaching and liturgy. I only focus on preaching in the services on Sundays and feasts. First of all, I offer an overview of Hungarian Reformed theoretical and practical liturgical books, service books, and books of liturgics concerning the relationship between preaching and liturgy from the 16th century to the recent days. The importance of preaching overshadows the liturgical function of the sermon; prayers, church music, hymns, and psalms are consequently losing relevance in the worship. The theoretical and practical books emphasize consistently, that the preaching must be presented and regarded as one of the elements of the liturgy/service. Preaching takes place within the service; the sermon has to be based on and contacted all the liturgical elements of the congregation’s worship. Balance between preaching and liturgy should be discovered, and established in order to worthily celebrate our services.

Vyskupų ingresai Lietuvoje XXI amžiaus pradžioje

Author(s): Aldona Vasiliauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 36/2004

The article speaks about the events of 1926 significant to the spiritual life of Lithuania: the establishment of the Church Province of Lithuania and three new dioceses; the birth of Antanas Vaièius, Juozas Žemaitis, and Juozas Preikšas, future bishops of Lithuania. It reviews the history of the dioceses of Telšiai, Vilkavi Škis, and Panevëžys. In 2002 Lithuania celebrated the 75th anniversary of the dioceses of Kaišiadorys, Panevëžys, Telšiai, and Vilkaviškis along with the 57th birthday of bishops Juozas Preikšas, Antanas Vaièius and Juozas Žemaitis MIC. Since according to Cannon Law bishops who reach that age have to retire, on January 5 the pope John Paul II issued the edict by which he assigned three new bishops ordinaries: Jonas Boruta SJ for Telšiai, Rimantas Norvila for Vilkaviškis, and Jonas Kauneckas for Panevëžys. The article narrates the biographies of these bishops’ and describes their ordination.