Proglašavanje blaženika i svetaca kroz povijest i danas

Author(s): Velimir Blažević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 43/2015

Kršćani koji se po sakramentu krštenja preporađaju i postaju baštinici Božji i subaštinici Kristovi (Rim 8,17), u novozavjetnim knjigama se nazivaju i prikazuju kao sveti (gr. ἅγιος/ἅγιοι – hagios/hagioi). Tako se u prvoj Crkvi svetima zovu kršćani u Jeruzalemu (Dj 9,13); apostol sv. Petar svetima naziva kršćane razasute u Pontu, Galaciji, Kapadociji, Aziji i Bitiniji (1 Pt 2,9); sv. Pavao svetima oslovljava i pozdravlja kršćane i kršćanske zajednice u Rimu (Rim 1,7), Korintu (1 Kor 1,2), Efezu (Ef 1,1), Filipima (Fil 1,1), Kolosima (Kol 1,2). Ali nakon što su prvotni vjerski zanos i gorljivost oslabili, nije se sve kršćane moglo označavati svetima, nego se počelo, nakon smrti, iskazivati posebno štovanje i nazivati svetima (lat. sanctus/sancti) najprije one koji su svoj život završili mučeništvom za kršćansku vjeru, a potom i one koji su se istaknuli strogim pokorničkim ili pustinjačkim životom. Kroz nekoliko prvih stoljeća štovanje svetaca se uvodilo via facti bez ikakvih formalnih postupaka i službenog proglašavanja svetim. Kasnije su biskupi mjesnih Crkava preuzimali vlast odlučivanja o tome tko može biti čašćen kao svetac, a od 12. st. su u Zapadnoj Crkvi na neki način s mjesnim biskupima u uvođenju i odobravanju štovanja pojedinih svetaca počeli sudjelovati i pape,da bi s vremenom to prešlo u isključivu njihovu nadležnost.

Teologia w poszukiwaniu więzi z Biblią. International Congress „The Soul of Theology”. On the Role of Scripture in Theology, Leuven, 17-20 września 2015 r.

Author(s): Paweł Borto / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2016

Duchowość a świat. Wyzwanie zawarte w myśli Romana Guardiniego

Author(s): Łukasz Strzyż / Language(s): Polish,Italian Issue: 1/2014

L’articolo prende l’avvio dal dibattito accesosi dopo il discorso di papa Benedetto XVI, tenuto a Friburgo il 25 settembre 2011, durante il suo ultimo viaggio in Germania, quando il Pontefi ce tedesco parlò della Entweltlichung – demondanizzazione della Chiesa. Analizzando il pensiero di Romano Guardini, l’articolo presenta un abbozzo della sua visione cristiana del mondo dove la dimensione spirituale fa parte del creato.

Trzy intrygujące aspekty świadectwa w Psalmach

Author(s): Wojciech Węgrzyniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28/2015

The aim of this article is to analyze three difficult aspects of testimony in the Book of Psalms: (1) the term עֵדוּת‘ēdût in the titles of certain Psalms (Ps 60:1; 80:1); (2) understanding who or what is referred to as a witness in Ps 89:38; and (3) the proper translation of עֵדוּת ‘ēdût, and its meaning, in its multiple uses in Ps 119. First, as background, the author synthetically depicts what the psalms say generally regarding the notion of testimony. Proceeding to the focal issues, he first analyzes עֵדוּת ‘ēdût in the titles of the two psalms and concludes that the term should be interpreted as an independent title and translated as “testimony”. The next section presents the current understandings of who or what is a witness in Ps 89:38 (rainbow, sun, moon, throne, God), and proposes a new messianic interpretation. In the final part, after the presentation of various translations, the author suggests interpreting עֵדוּת ‘ēdût in Psalm 119 as a technical term, properly translated in Psalm 119 always as “testimony”.

Samopojednanie u Ojców Kościoła Wschodniego

Author(s): Jan Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2008

Artykuł rozwija temat samopojednania w ujęciu Ojców Kościoła Wschodniego

Grzech pierworodny w sferze relacji

Author(s): Andrzej Piotr Perzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

This article consists of the following parts: introduction, in Adam all sinned, original sin with love, from person to object, breaking human relationship, humanity dispersed; conclusion. Appropriate understanding of the Church’s teaching on original sin needs to portray this issue in the light of God’s love. The doctrine of faith of original sin is based solely on Revelation. A correct understanding of it refers to the Person and the salvation of Jesus Christ, the „new Adam”.

Youth and Experience of Living Faith. The Essential Aspects of the Path to Christian Maturity

Author(s): Aleksander R. Bańka / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2017

Is there any other Christianity than the authentic one? Is there another faith than the living one? Or is it rather that you have a choice to either be authentic in your Christian faith, or not being a Christian at all? This question seems very compelling for at first glance we can notice alarming, increasing regress of the interest in Christianity among European youth — especially in Western Europe. How to restore Christianity to its brilliance for the modern youth? What is the secret of authentic Christianity and how to bring young people to experience it so that the religion is not associated by them with something archaic and long outdated? The foregoing questions especially are answered by this article.

Poszukiwanie „objawień antropologicznych” w chrystologii. Wskazówki metodologiczne

Author(s): Sławomir Zatwardnicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

The author of the article puts forward methodological guidelines important in the process of deriving anthropological truth from Christology. A Christological doctrine along with its modern reinterpretation is presented in the text. It is a hermeneutical key to conduct a research on the earthly history of the Incarnated described in the Gospels. The fact of the primacy of Christology over anthropology is highlighted, as well as the significance of the statement that the Word became man ‘for us and for our salvation’. In Christ we receive not direct, but indirect manifestation of a human. One should regard both the Son who became man and the Redeemer who, being exactly a man himself, redeems sinners. Therefore, the Incarnated Word as well as a man should be regarded in a dynamic way, taking into account the time dimension. The patristic axiom Quod non est assumptum non est sanatum (‘what is not assumed is not saved’) can be also referred to particular stages of human life redeemed by Christ.

LE RISORSE PRESOCRATICHE DI UN CONCETTO ANTROPOLOGICO DI MASSIMO IL CONFESSORE: γνώμη

Author(s): Claudiu George Tuțu / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1-2/2018

The Pre-Socratic Roots of an Anthropological Concept of Maximus the Confessor: γνώμη. The theological anthropology of Saint Maximus the Confessor is closely related to his christological thinking. A thorough understanding of the mystery of Christ’s human nature helps Saint Maximus unveil the idea that every human will is partly similar and partly different from the will of the Son of God. The fundamental difference between the human will, actualised in all human being, and human-God’s will resides exactly in its gnomic dimension. It is important, therefore, that we should seek St. Maximus’ philosophical, biblical and patristic sources, especially if we wish to better understand the gnomic dimension of the human existence. Consequently, the aim of the research hereunder is to explore the pre-socratic world of philosophy, strictly highlighting the concept of gnome, within all pre-socratic works/texts we have got so far.

LA « DÉMYTHOLOGISATION » ET LA « DÉMYSTIFICATION » DES LANGAGES DANS LA THÉOLOGIE ET LES SCIENCES DES RELIGIONS

Author(s): Alexandru Buzalic / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2018

“Demythologizing” and “Demystifying” Languages in Theology and Religious Sciences. In the perspective of a new anthropological model proposed by Mircea Eliade, anthropology of homo religiosus, we can talk about a new dimension of “demythologization”. In his vision, homo religiosus emerges from prehistory and becomes “man” at the moment of the perception of the sacred in the world, that is to say at the moment of the discovery of an ultimate meaning of the existence of all beings. This capacity is specific, even fundamentally constitutive of the human being. Myths are not simply imaginary productions. The mythological language is symbolic, behind the linguistic structures being a real historical event. The anthropological conception of Eliade, linking the study of religions, the philosophy of religion and the human sciences, leads us to an integral anthropology which can become one of the foundations, among others, for Christian theological discourse and especially for fundamental theology. In a desecrated world like ours, the sacred is especially present and active in imaginary universes. In order to reach the discovery of the sacred, it is necessary to demystify and demythologizing the categories used today in theology and religious sciences.

Peter Abelard’s Conceptualism and Its Influence

Author(s): Elitza Kaldramova / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2019

The problem of the universals is associated with the universals’ existence and reasons for classifying objects as one species or genus. It inquires what notions and their features are. The problem’s importance is related to the detailed study of dialectics and the notion. The latter is the link between sensible objects and the mind and is essential for building sentences and propositions. Abelard’s conceptualism is moderate position considering universals as notions and focusing on the linguistic and logical aspects of the problem. The ontological aspect is not excluded which is evident due to the notion of status. The influence of Abelard’s conceptualism in modern times is associated with the theory of direct reference for nouns, the account of formal validity and the theory of propositional content. Common features between Abelard’s conceptualism and Rand’s objectivism are also discussed such as the abstraction, the important role of reason, the individual and the subjective element.

Postmodernizm – nowe wyzwania ewangelizacyjne

Author(s): Władysław Majkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

Christianity has its source in the fact of God’s love for Man. „For God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him might not perish but have eternal life. For God did not sent his Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world might be saved through him” (Jn 3,16-17). This „Good News” about the salvation accomplished in the Person of Jesus Christ is addressed to every human being to restore his original perspective. The Good News reaches people through its preaching to those who have not yet received it, but also to those who, for whatever reason, have departed from it. In Europe, starting from the Enlightenment, slow de-Christianization of societies began. Rationalism slowly began to supplant religious attitudes, and pragmatism moved towards the organization of the earthly kingdom, excluding the eschatological perspective. Two atheistic ideologies worked in the same direction: Marxism and Nazism. As a consequence, European societies began to move away from Christianity, adopting a way of life without God. A new perspective of postmodernism has been included in this lifestyle, the essence of which is the epistemological crisis and the crisis of values. These recent changes pose new, previously unknown challenges to Christianity. As a result, a need arises for new forms of preaching the Gospel to these people.

Biskup Konstantyn Dominik (1870-1942) – święty kapłan

Author(s): Dawid Galanciak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

A human being needs to meet witnesses of faith on the way to achieving holiness. One of them can be Bishop Konstantyn Dominik (1870-1942) – the Bishop of Chełmno. The figure of Bishop, who is a candidate for canonisation, was shown in the article in the context of his relations with Swarzewo, Pelplin, Chełmno and Gdańsk. The difficult time of the Second World War during which the Bishop served, present him as a real witness of faith. Christological and Marian aspects of Konstantyn’s pristly and episcopal service, his simplicity and commonness, as well as his path to sanctification, create a beautiful testimony that can be achieved by living one’s life according to God’s vision.

Źródła odnowy życia konsekrowanego

Author(s): Leszek Poleszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The crisis of the consecrated life is tightly connected with the crisis of the contemporary human being and with the crisis of the Church. Weakening of the faith and lack of faithfulness to the chosen calling results with lack of witnessing and consequently with lower number of vocations. Both the Word of God and the modern teaching of the Magisterium of the Church give clues, which could become the source of the renewal of the consecrated life. It gives hope that the religious again will become a clear sign of the presence of God in the world.

Laudatissima virgo. Maryja w dialogu katolicko-luterańskim w USA

Author(s): Józef Majewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2018

Drepturile omului între antropologia ortodoxă și raționalismul occidental

Author(s): Anton-Viorel Pop / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2019

In this paper we will address one of the most discussed issues of the last 80 years, namely human rights. The preoccupation on this subject, taking advantage of Orthodox and Christian theology, involves an approach to anthropological premises. Human dignity is considered to be the purpose of human rights. This is mentioned in the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but the document itself does not define precisely the subject of rights, namely man. The Orthodox perspective admits that human dignity springs from the quality of the man’s image of the Creator (Fc. 1, 27), and a harmful life is an endless prosperity to perfection. The foundation of human rights can only be sought in human nature, and the ultimate hope of the person and humanity can only materialize in God. Although Orthodox doctrine is consistent with the core points of human rights (life, freedom, self-determination, equality, etc.), it does not subscribe to everything that is proposed as “human rights”, especially when human nature is redefined. The placement of human rights on such a theoretical pedestal is rather simplified. The zeal of reason appears as a substitute for the faith. Removing a concrete man in the name of humanity is an absurd ideology that ultimately becomes anti- Christian and inhumane.

Identitate națională și ecclesială

Author(s): Paul Andrei Mucichescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2019

After many decades in which the idea of a nation-state seemed to be proven wrong or, in the best case, vague, it is now being reassessed by a wave of right-wing populism. Many of its sympathizers may regard themselves as Christians. The Church has to take a position on this. She faces a latent question today, in view of the national cultures the Church herself helped to engender: Isn’t it the case that even the concept of a national culture contradicts Christianity’s universalist claims? If it is, than as local Churches have now matured, the further question seems to arise if it is – or if it should be – possible to drop out, repulse or refute those cultural goods that are stained by “national character”. The present analysis will argue that the national does not run against the universal, that “nationalism” still possess another equally legitimate sense, besides the one of the ideology, and that this more or less lost sense was not condemned by the Holy Synod from 1872. Finally, it will be shown why even Christ endorsed the nation as a form of communion.

Rolul capital al inconștientului colectiv în conservarea identității naționale românești.

Author(s): Călin Drăgeanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2019

The conservation of Romanian identity represents one of the main priorities that all Romanians have to manifest. Through the conservation of national identity and the capitalisation of specific values, the Romanian nation continues to be alive and to manifest his main cultural and spiritual characteristics. In this context it is necessary to find the most efficient ways of identity conservation, through researching mythological symbolism and his influence on national identity. The research can be extended both at psychological level and at spiritual level through the study of Romanian mythology. In that sense, the most powerful influence on the process of national identity conservation is held by the unconscious dimension of human mind. Considering the fact that unconscious, spiritual and psychological, contributes significantly to the achievement of a systematic process of national identity conservation, it is necessary to research the connexions between unconscious and mythological symbols. In this study, which has exploratory and introductive character, it is highlighted the importance that unconscious holds in conservation of the Romanian national identity through mythological symbols. Thus, the specific connexions between unconscious collective and mythological symbols are analysed and also the influence of collective unconscious through the use of symbols in national identity conservation. Moreover, the specific methods and research tools of connexions between collective unconscious and symbols are analysed. The research also includes the analysis of the myth named Meșterul Manole, as a national myth with deep meanings in Romanian culture and identity.

Teologia w świecie nauki

Author(s): Angelo Vincenzo Zani / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Culture and modern society are posing new challenges to academic institutions (primarily in Europe). Therefore, the Church has started once again to re-establish its own universities to promote dialogue between faith and reason. In the academic world, student autonomy has begun to increase, and more and more, emphasis is placed on self-teaching using multimedia technologies. This has led to innovative activities in the teaching process and in the teaching system, forcing the transformation of universities, who are questioned about their role to play in the world. There must exist a dialogue between theology and exact sciences, which John Paul II described in Sapientia Christiana, Ex Corde Ecclesiae and Fides et Ratio. Two reflections come to the fore: the first is about the mutual benefits that science and theology can obtain in intellectual dialogue in a university context. Consequently, theology plays an indispensable role in the search for the unity of knowledge, which is why it is obliged to a responsible university presence. The second describes the importance of reaching an integrated view, which oscillates between scientific and religious-theological reading of the world. Veritatis gaudium of Pope Francis shows the prospects for the development of Church studies. New social and cultural dynamics force us to extend the purpose of studies, so that the Gospel not only reaches each person individually, but all cultures in their entirety.

CONDACUL – CEA MAI COMPLEXĂ FORMĂ A POEZIEI IMNOGRAFICE BIZANTINE

Author(s): Radu Bogdan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Nota de originalitate a Sfântului Roman în imnografia bizantină o constituie dialogul, mai exact, adaptarea dialogului la genul poetic, întrepătrunderea perfectă dintre genul dramatic și cel liric. Sfântul Roman reușește să păstreze aceeași metrică, același număr de silabe, același refren, chiar dacă personajele sale vorbesc între ele. De asemenea, condacul ne propune să inițiem un dialog cu Dumnezeu, dar și să-L ascultăm pe Dumnezeu, Care ne vorbește mereu. Condacul rămâne, axul, punctul de sprijin pentru întreaga imnografie bizantină, un gen deosebit de complex, cel mai complex, deosebit de bogat în conținut teologic, de mari dimensiuni, un gen care a inspirat tot ceea ce a urmat după el.