Der antisemitische Retter. Zu einem Aufruf polnischer Katholiken angesichts der Vernichtung im Warschauer Ghetto

Author(s): Jan Błonski / Language(s): German Issue: 02/1991

Anfang August 1942, fast unmittelbar nach Beginn der Vernichtungsaktionen im Warschauer Ghetto, gab die sozial-erzieherisch orientierte katholische Geheimorganisation FOP (Front Odrodzenia Polski, Front der Wiedergeburt Polens) 5.000 Exemplare eines Flugblatts heraus, das den Titel »Protest« trug, erinnert sich Wladyslaw Bartoszewski. »Die Verfasserin, die begabte katholische Schriftstellerin Zofia Kossak-Szczucka, appellierte darin an Herz und Gewissen aller gottgläubigen Polen - auch jener, die bisher den Juden gegenüber eine ablehnende Haltung eingenommen hatten -, angesichts des Verbrechens aktiv Stellung zu beziehen [...] Der Protest der FOP fand beachtliche Resonanz bei der Bevölkerung.! Jener Protest ist indessen fast unbekannt, genauer gesagt: er wird nur selten und bruchstückhaft zitiert. Der Grund dafür wird vielleicht besser verständlich, wenn ich den Wortlaut hier wiedergebe….

Pluralita identit v autobiografickém vyprávění československých Židů žijících v zahraničí

Author(s): Jakub Mlynář / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

This article explores selected aspects of narrative expression of identification with social entities in Holocaust survivors’ oral history testimonies, including the related conflicts of identities. In its empirical dimension, the study is based on secondary analysis of archived interviews with people born in Czechoslovakia and labelled as Jews by the Nürnberg laws, who had left Czechoslovakia and remained abroad. Oral history interview is conceived as a social and linguistic interaction of interviewer and interviewee, aiming towards collaborative production of a comprehensible account of the past. The results show how the religious, ethnical, political and national identity of narrators is expressed in the interview as a part of the life-story plot. Second explored topic is the spoken tongue as an attribute of national identity during the pre-war, war and postwar period. Considering the characteristics of the analysed interview-sample it is precisely the (absence of) language knowledge, which is reflected in the interviews as an obstacle that had to be overcome by the narrators, often quite soon after the traumatic events of the wartime.

У борби против заборава: Јеврејска заједница у Југославији и очување сећања на Холокауст 1945-1955

Author(s): Davor Stipić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

Under the influence of different historiographical interpretations in the late 90s in the professional community was actualized the idea arose in the sixties among American Jews. The idea that a decade and a half after the end of a war was a time of the conscious and deliberate suppression of Holocaust Remembrance. In modern historiography, numerous experts from David Cesarani to Hasia Diner constantly and successfully sought to prove that the Jewish individuals and organizations since the end of the war tried not to remain silent and wanted to speak about the horrors of Hitler’s concentration camp. An important place, especially in the socialist bloc, among those who spoke about their own suffering, almost immediately after the war, were Jews of Yugoslavia and this article deals specifically with Jewish activity from 1945 to 1955. Already in Yugoslavia in 1946 was built the first modest monuments, in 1948 was formally established the Jewish Historical Museum, and collecting documentation about the suffering and memories of survivors began soon after the restoration work of the Association of Municipalities in the early post-war years. The unveiling ceremony of five monuments in five Yugoslav cities in September and October 1952 was the culmination of efforts that the genocide of the Jews never forgets. Also, it was one of the most important an initiative of memorialization of Holocaust victims at that time in Eastern Europe, due to which the Federation of Jewish Communities of Yugoslavia became one of the pioneers in the development of awareness of the Holocaust as a phenomenon in the socialist part of Europe, at a time when in most countries of the Eastern bloc Stalin’s anti-Semitic purges were in full swing.

Propaganda Rearticulation of a Crime Against Civilization: The Concept of Theresienstadt in the Series Holocaust

Author(s): Ivana Milovanović / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2017

The most notorious Nazi extermination camps or death camps were Auschwitz, Belzec, Treblinka, etc. Apart from the death camps, the Nazis established concentration labor camps where they exploited the labor force. By its function, one of the unique concentration camps was Theresienstadt, which became a Nazi concentration camp for Jews in November 1941. In fact, Terezin was advertised as a spa center for wealthy senior citizens who were promised safety and luxury. Media articles on the topic of the Holocaust have become a significant part of the culture of remembrance. The American television mini-series Holocaust is one of the media narratives that deal with crimes against civilization and its premiere was in 1978. The concept of Theresienstadt in the series Holocaust corroborates the statement that this camp was used for the purpose of propaganda rearticulation of a crime against civilization and it reveals the hidden and repressed fear and horror underneath the smiling façade of Theresienstadt. The colorfulness of the exterior in the scenes which show Terezin, and on the other hand a horror interior, as well as everything that was happening behind the scenes expressed in the form of secret images of the artists, clearly emphasize the living conditions in Theresienstadt, as well as its role in Nazi propaganda.

Yehuda Bauer, Przemyśleć Zagładę

Author(s): Monika Adamczyk-Grabowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2016

The review of: Yehuda Bauer, Przemyśleć Zagładę, tłum. Jerzy Giebułtowski i Janusz Surewicz, Warszawa: ŻIH, 2016, 376 s.

Mietek Pachter, „Umierać też trzeba umieć”

Author(s): Bartłomiej Krupa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2016

The review of: Mietek Pachter, „Umierać też trzeba umieć...”, red. i wprowadzenie Barbara Engelking, Warszawa: Stowarzyszenie Centrum Badań nad Zagładą Żydów, 2015, 783 s.

Alvin H. Rosenfeld, Kres Holokaustu

Author(s): Justyna Majewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2016

The review of: Alvin H. Rosenfeld, Kres Holokaustu, tłum. Renata Czekalska, Agnieszka Kuczkiewicz-Fraś, Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 2013, 256 s.

Az Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériumának véleménye az Auschwitz-tekercsről

Author(s): Imre Sipos / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The oak tree

Author(s): Marta Kaźmierczak / Language(s): English Issue: 17-18/2011

The text titled The Oak Tree is a true story told by Kazimiera, a woman who in 1941 saw the bodies of murdered Jews being dumped into a common grave in a forest in Western Poland. This text refers to the work of memory and to the work of narration in the context of representation of the Holocaust. This text opens a question about the limits of commemorating and abusing of the past hidden in words and in silence.

Obrazy Holocaustu w etiudach filmowych PWSFTviT w Łodzi

Author(s): Katarzyna Mąka-Malatyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15-16/2011

The article In Search of the Form is a contribution to the research on school films about Holocaust. The author analyzed over 20 short films produced in the National Film School in Lodz in 1948–2010. In great part these films reflect the general trend from the professional cinema of the same period. However young filmmakers appear to be more daring as far form of the films is concerned. Their films are aesthetically original, of the refer to genre cinema and combine different genres.

Put prema holokaustu

Author(s): Michael Salewski / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2006

Nije neprijateljstvo prema Židovima, proizašlo iz kršćanstva, bilo plodno tlo za ideologiju zatiranja, kao ni rasprava o rasama u devetnaestom i početkom dvadesetog stoljeća. Proganjanje i ubijanje Židova razvilo se pod utjecajem okrutnog logičkog postulata njihove neljudskosti. Židovi nisu ljudi, nego gamad. Svaki uredan čovjek treba postati čistač, ukoliko želi očuvati čistim svoje životne prostore i životne snove. Tek kada židovska “gnjila plijesan” konačno i zauvijek bude umrtvljena, svijet će opet ozdraviti. Tako opako, sarkastično i prosto – nema potrebe objašnjavati čije se mišljenje ovdje kolportira. Židovi su naša nesreća. Svako izdanje “Stürmer-a” otpočinjalo je tom najpoznatijom rečenicom jednog od najpoznatijih njemačkih povjesničara, Heinricha von Treitschkea.

Spotkania z Zagładą w Polsce

Author(s): Jolanta Ambrosewicz-Jacobs / Language(s): Polish Issue: 47/2017

Repressed memories remain active and their outcomes bring undesirable effects for education about the Holocaust. How can facts and events that have been repressed or dismissed from the individual and collective memory be reintegrated into social consciousness? When will the memory of the Holocaust in Poland become a shared, collective legacy for Poles? How can education about the Holocaust deal sensitively with the Polish national sense of martyrdom? This remains a crucial question for Polish society. Can memorial sites, museums, historians, writers, educational institutions and civic organizations in post‑communist Poland create space where the voice of Jewish victims and second and third generations can be heard and where communities of memory can integrate? Or will Polish society continue to be characterized by rivalry between competing memories? These questions form the foundation of my empirical studies and trigger interest in the evaluation of existing educational programs. A qualitative research, namely a participant observation of the Forum for Dialogue among the Nations program ‘School of Dialogue’ in Warsaw, will attempt to answer the above questions.

Postpamięć krytyczna w narracjach potomków ocalonych z Szoa ( J. Dres, M. Grynberg, G. Rossenberg)

Author(s): Robert Więckowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 47/2017

The literary works of the offsprings of Holocaust survivors most frequently show that this is the inherited Shoah trauma, which was, and still is, very important or even the most important determinant of their lives. Among the similar voices of the so‑called second and third generation of survivors there appear some distinct ones, which make an attempt to work through the Shoah trauma. This article is aimed at presenting these distinct attitudes, which are the attempts to have a look at the personally experienced situation of the offsprings of Holocaust survivors. While analyzing the critical, reflective attitudes, the author refers to Marianna Hirsch’s conception of post‑memory; he also asks about the influence of the attitudes on polish collective memory.

Koloman Gajan nejen o Františku Grausovi

Author(s): Naděžda Morávková,Koloman Gajan / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2011

Koloman Gajan (b. 1918): Czech historian and professor at Charles University in Prague, the party of anti-fascist resistance in the eastern Slovak Republic, imprisoned in several Nazi concentration camps, 1961-1966 Senior lecture of Charles University, since 1966 Professor of Charles University in Prague in 1970 released (political reason), in 1990 he came back to university, he focuses on the modern world history and the Czechoslovak history, the history of Czech-German and Czech-French relations, on personality and work of TG Masaryk, he´s co-author and chief editor of the extensive synthesis of Modern History III - IV (1973-1974); because Gajan´s name was inappropriate in normalization times, Professor Jaroslav Charvat covered his work on behalf of. Koloman Gajan is a schoolmate of Czech historian Frantisek Graus. There are some memories of Koloman Gajan about Graus.

Terebélyes fehér folt a magyar tudományosság történetében

Author(s): István Hargittai / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2017

Zavaros versengés – A romániai zsidó vagyon párhuzamos népinémet „árjásítása” és „nemzeti” románosítása az Antonescu-rezsim idején

Author(s): Sándor Komáromi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2017

Baier, Hannelore: Dubiouse Konkurrenz – Arisierung versus Rumänisierung in der Zeit des Antonescu-Regimes. = Spiegelungen. 11. Jg. 2016. No. 1. 55-69. p.

„Za wyżej wymienione pamiętniki nie żądałem żadnej zapłaty”. Jak Władysław Wójcik ratował dziennik Chaima Arona Kapłana i Archiwum Ringelbluma

Author(s): Jacek Leociak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

The materials presented above include a file with the correspondence between Władysław Wójcik and the director of the Jewish Historical Institute Bernard Mark, located in the institute’s archive, as well as fragments of Wójcik’s memoir from the Yad Vashem Archives. In all of Wójcik’s writings, there is a discrepancy between the declared unselfishness, and ingratitude he had been experiencing after the war from the Jews. His claims relate, on one hand, to the lack of compensation from the mother of a girl, whom he helped to hide during the occupation, and on the other, from the JHI’s – due to his role in discovery and saving the second part of the Ringelblum Archive and Chaim Aron Kapłan’s Diary. The motive for his efforts to obtain payment are Wójcik’s financial problems after he emigrated to the USA.

Zatrucie. Piołun i popiół… trzydzieści lat później

Author(s): Marta Tomczok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 13/2017

W artykule zadaję sobie pytanie, co sprawiło, że opublikowany trzydzieści lat temu esej Romana Zimanda Piołun i popiół. Czy Polacy i Żydzi wzajem się nienawidzą? został dziś prawie zupełnie zapomniany. Stawiam sobie także zadanie, aby zmienić tę sytuację, a przede wszystkim przyjrzeć się okolicznościom, które doprowadziły do niej.

Wspomnienia ninon pytrus. Do druku przygotował Adam Ustyniak

Author(s): Ninon Pytrus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2011

The author of the memoirs (b. 1923) during the occupation escaped from the transport that was going to forced labor camp. When she was caught she was in prison on remand then taken to Ravensbruek concentration camp. The camp experiences had on impact on her psyche. With their nightmare and diseases acquired during her stay in prison and camp, she struggled for her life.

Logori, topovske šupe i sajmište kao centralna mesta holokausta u okupiranoj Srbiji – numeričko određenje i kvantitativna analiza

Author(s): Dragan Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

The paper is an attempt to show the central role of Topovske šupe camp and Judenlager Semlin in the destruction of the Jewish community in Occupied Serbia based on the partially revised list „Victims of War 1941–1945“. The article deals with the territorial belonging of the killed Jews, the gender, age and professional structure of their losses in these two camps, and shows the share of losses from these two camps in the total losses of the Jewish community. As part of a unique process in Europe, the Holocaust on the territory of Occupied Serbia has hit the entire Jewish population, inflicting irreparable losses. Unfortunately, no precise number has been established in the Holocaust of the stricken Jews from the territory of Occupied Serbia, as the number of survivors is unknown. The most frequently quoted estimate is 13.600 (82% of their pre-war number). Among the dead civilians of the Occupied Serbia Jews accounted for 11.20% of losses, while in the pre-war population of this territory only 0.33% were incurred, so the Jewish community suffered losses in the Holocaust 33.94 times more than their representation in the population. The Holocaust in the territory of Occupied Serbia was closely linked to the Topovske šupe camps and Sajmište camps (Judenlager Semlin), where 86.47% of all killed members of the Jewish community from this territory lost their lives, alongside with killed Jews from other parts of Yugoslavia as well as abroad. In those two camps 79.51% of all male victims of the Jewish community of occupied Serbia were killed, while 94.32% of all female victims were killed in Sajmište. While in the Topovske šupe victims were men aged 15 to 60 years of different professions (80.37% were businessmen, workers, officials and experts), were members of the Jewish community executed in the Judenlager Semlin were of all ages (28.44% were children under 14 and 10.90% were person older than 65) and all professional groups (63.72% were dependent persons). An analysis of the internal structure of the suffered losses of the Jews shows that these two camps represented the central place of the Holocaust in Occupied Serbia that did not spare any segment of the Jewish community.