Davor Marijan, Rat Hrvata i Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1992. do 1994.
Review of: Davor Marijan, Rat Hrvata i Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1992. do 1994., Hrvatski institut za povijest, Zagreb 2018, 476 pp.
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Review of: Davor Marijan, Rat Hrvata i Muslimana u Bosni i Hercegovini od 1992. do 1994., Hrvatski institut za povijest, Zagreb 2018, 476 pp.
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This text attempts to bring about the changes that have occurred in the teaching profession over the past 30 years, against the background of changes in education and in wider social contexts, following a change of system in Poland. They are shown from the perspective of the experiences, life and professional fates of generations of teachers from that period, documented in their diaries, autobiographies and other personal statements. These materials were collected in subsequent editions of nationwide research, using an autobiographical method. The text’s analyses used a category of ethos and social role of the teacher, as well as a generative approach. In turn, the defining issues, subsequent editions of the research, the directions and the extent of tensions and transformations in education and the role of the teacher in the past thirty years were discussed. The analysis concludes with a summary and conclusions.
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The Last Fifty Years of the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia – With a Presentation of the Educational and Scientific Institutions of the Church. My study focuses on the events of the last fifty years of the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia. In the first part, I briefly introduce the institutions established in the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia in the last fifty years, most of which are still active; in this subsection, the paper focuses on the educational and training institutions linked to the Church, from kindergarten to secondary school level. After presenting the primary and secondary educational institutions, I would like to provide a brief historical overview of the theological training that took place in Prague from 1950 onwards and then of the higher education institutions that were established and are still maintained by our Church after 1990, which have trained and are training theologians and religious teachers. At the end of the paper, I will briefly describe Calvin J. Theological Academy, which is the scientific institution of the Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia.
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Anarchism is a set of brood doctrines, thoughts and philosophies that, despite some differences in worldview and the social, cultural and economic changes resulting from successive historical periods, still today focuses on the struggle against the social insjustices that stem from capitalism and hierarchical social structures. However contemporary schools of anarchism in their theory and practice began to operate in other fields, going beyond social problems, focusing, among others, on the fight against environmental degradation, criticism of consumerism, artistic activities to promote specific ideas. The recognition of other problems by contemporary anarchists in the reality around them has led to the emergence of new anarchist school such as Green Anarchism and Querker Anarchism. At he turn of the XX and XXI centuries, anarchisms associated with pro-environtmental and anti-technological attitudes began to be interested in problems realated to the place of animals in capitalism, their exploitation and the lack of legal protection for represcutatives of the world of fauna. Also the polish anarchist circles formin in the 80s and 90s of the 20 twentieth century were aware that their duty is also to fight for the improvement of conditions of animals functioning in human homes, farm and wild areas. However, in a more radical form, the struggle for animal rights was to take the form of full animal liberation (destruction of animal farms, promotion of veganism, opposition to keeping animals in zoological parks). The aim of this article is to present the attitude towards animals and their rights, autonomy, together with the methods undertaken to improve their conditions by Polish anarchists and representatives of various left-wing circles (similar to anarchism in their outlook on the world, e. g. addressing anarchist thought in their press) achive in the years 1980–2020.
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The proposed amendments to the draft act amending the Act – Code of procedure in case of petty offences seems to call into question the constitutional and international standards that should be ensured in repressive proceedings in which the issue of an individual’s criminal liability is resolved. The assumptions that are to speak in favor of introducing these changes in the form of improving proceedings in cases of offense and relieving the courts (it should be mentioned that after the analysis of provisions of the draft one can notice that they were not fully effective) seem inadequate in relation to the burdens associated with the repressive proceedings in the proposed version. The draft assumes depriving the individual held responsible for breach of its basic procedual guarantees, i.e. the right to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence, the right to defense, and ultimately, it is proposed to prohibit worsening the procedural situation. In addition, the question arises whether the project is in fact intended to achieve the objectives on which the project initiator refers to in its content?
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The article examines the growing role of visualization technologies, and, in parallel, the limits of visualization: images are not context–free and do not "speak by themselves." From the antiquity on, scientists and laypeople alike had been fascinated by malformed fetuses and newborns, but the term “birth defect” was developed in the 19 century. Ever since doctors became interested in the prevention of “birth defects” produced by diseases or poor health during pregnancy. Until the 1960s, it was, however not possible to know whether such preventive steps were efficient before the child was born. The development of obstetrical ultrasound, and the parallel possibility of genetic analysis of fetal cells opened a possibility “to see what is going to be born”. The older term for the scientific discipline that investigated abnormal births “teratology” - the study of monstrosities - was replaced in the 1970s with the less scary term, “dysmorphology.” In late 20 century the science of abnormal development became inseparably linked with the rapid development of prenatal diagnosis and prenatal screening, and to changing attitudes to the unborn. The author analyses the above phenomena.
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Artykuł poświęcony jest wizualności aktywizmu na rzecz praw reprodukcyjnych w polskich zinach feministycznych i anarchofeministycznych z końca lat 90. i lat 2000. Analizując niezależne publikacje kobiece odnalezione w anarchistycznych centrach kulturalnych i w prywatnych zbiorach twórczyń, w tekście autorka przygląda się początkom wytwarzania i dystrybuowania w Polsce proaborcyjnych zinów. W ramach rozmów przeprowadzonych z anarchofeministycznymi autorkami wydawnictw z tego okresu, skupia się na widoczności symboliki dotyczącej praw reprodukcyjnych (motywy czarownicy, macicy i krzyża) i na wizualnych strategiach oporu obecnych w zinach (karykatury władzy solidarnościowo-katolickiej). Celem artykułu jest również przyjrzenie się przemianom i kontynuacjom anarchofeministycznych tradycji wizualnych po 1989 roku w kontekście walki o opiekę socjalną nad zdrowiem reprodukcyjnym kobiet.
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Maria Karolina (Maka) Cielecka i Guillaume Siemieński (Wilczek) w 1995 roku rozpoczęli życie na dyplomatycz - nych walizkach. Opu - ścili Kanadę, by miesz - kać kolejno w Holandii, Rosji, Słowacji, Turcji i wreszcie – od marca 2005 – w Gruzji. Guillau - me objął tam stanowisko szefa Human Dimension Office [Biura ds. Wymiaru Ludzkiego] Orga - nizacji Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie (OBWE), z którego w czerwcu 2008 przeszedł do Misji Obserwacyjnej Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych w Gruzji (UNOMIG). Maka uczyła angielskiego, głównie dzieci uchodźców z Abchazji, jednocześnie ucząc się tkania gobeli - nów – sztuki charakterystycznej dla regionu.
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Essay by Mădălin Bunoiu - "Why Is It Impossible, If It Is Possible?"/ Essay by Vladimir Tismăneanu - "Retro-spects"
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This research paper presents mechanisms for the protection of human rights as a form of available procedures for preventing the violation of the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman, degrading treatment or punishment. The purpose of the research paper is to introduce the concept of torture and the legal aspects of the regulation of their prohibition in the light of the Convention on the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of 1984. The research paper focuses on presenting the genesis of the Convention, the concept of torture in the light of its provisions, specific obligations of States Parties and the formal and legal provisions of this legal act. In addition, the provisions of the Optional Protocol to the Convention were presented.
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The strategy for the development of bilateral Polish-Ukrainian relations, shaped on the basis of the Jerzy Giedroyc doctrine, had a significant impact on Polish historical policy, as well as on public opinion, education and the official media coverage. It is still a prevailing view for many political circles. Consequently it led to a lack of elementary historical knowledge among Poles and drew a veil over the difficult and „uncomfortable” Polish-Ukrainian history. It also did not lead to the creation of a true, real partnership for Polish and Ukrainian nation because the lack of working through the difficult pas. The article tries to bring this problem closer by presenting 30 years of relations between the two countries and introducing the state of education and public debate on the topic.
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The author’s intention is to study the “archival” vector of modern Russian literature. When the state archives were opened in the 1990s, it became a shock for those citizens who tried to comprehend the recent history of the USSR. Insight into these materials initiated a new vector in literature — “archival”. The article examines two contemporary Russian texts: Sasha Filipenko’s novel The Red Cross and Sukhbat Aflatuni’s novel The Earthly Paradise. All the plot twists in these texts are not the author’s invention, but the paradigm of the political investigatory records of 1937–1938: interrogation protocols, indictments, relatives’ statements, various kinds of certificates. The narrator fills in the gaps that are missing in documents: builds links between the interrogation protocols, restores the psychological context, the relationship between the accused and the investigator, — and the picture of the past becomes complete and convincing.
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Almost thirty years after the armed conflicts in Croatia, there are still ongoing discussions about their causes, their legal nature and the consequences they have for today's relations between Serbia and Croatia, as well as relations between Serbs and Croats in Croatia itself. In this paper, the author is looking for an answer to the question of the legal qualification of these armed conflicts and whether it can offer us certain directions for the beginning of the improvement of modern relations between Croatia and Serbia. The basic argument of the paper is that the legal classification of armed conflicts in Croatia was changing and that from a non-international armed conflict in the summer of 1991, it later evolved into an international one. In addition, the paper claims that a correct understanding of the legal classification of these conflicts offers certain starting points for the improvement of contemporary relations between Serbia and Croatia, but also that this legal qualification has inherent limitations in terms of the broader context of political relations between these two countries.
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The aim of this study is to analyse the course of the November Revolution in 1989 in the conditions of Czech and Slovak cities. It was the spread of the revolution beyond the two main cities – Prague and Bratislava – that was the key condition for its national success. It was important for the success of the revolution at the local level that the most socially important part of society – the workers – also opposed the communist regime, but also that in each city there was a potential group of citizens willing to overcome their fear and high level of risk and become civically engaged. The study is based on the already very large regional or national literature on the November 1989 events in Czech and Slovak cities, as well as on personal accounts of the actors of the revolutionary changes, which allows us to convey not only the course of November 1989, but also its atmosphere, including the general strike. The study also includes a reminder of the significance of the events of November 1989 for local historical memory and contemporary political identity.
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The article discusses the role of military education and military history in the training of US and British officers after the Cold War. The first part of the article provides an overview of the main restructuring of professional military education after the Cold War. The following topics will be focused on: military education in general, the growing number of civilian specialties in cadet and military schools, and academic accreditation of professional military education curricula. The second part analyzes the change in the role of history teachers serving in US and British military colleges as a result of these reorganizations, the development of history teaching goals, the use of historical research by cadets in professional self-development, and the integration of history education with other learning areas of the professional military education system, such as war games and simulation exercises. The article concludes with a discussion of the impact of these developments on the role of military history in the military and academic worlds, and suggests some lessons learned from these developments for future restructuring.
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The author here thematizes the work of Dr. Fikret Karčića in his role of the editor-in-chief of Glasnik in the period 1990-1992. These three years were heavily marked by turmoil in the Islamic Community, as a result of the new Constitution of the IC and the election of the new reisu-l-ulama, as well as by a larger scale social distress since this was also the period of dissolution of SFRY (Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia) and the beginning of the Aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina. The burdensome times through which the Islamic Community and the Muslims of Bosnia went through are clearly evident in the pages of Glasnik of this period. In the final part of the article, the author underlines the fact that Professor Karčić was the person in charge of the initiation and establishment of MINA (Muslim Information News Agency) in the year 1991, during his tenure as editor-in-chief of Glasnik.
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This article attempts to identify, describe, and explain the main historically shaped social factors that have influenced the post-communist transition in Bulgaria. Three groups of interrelated factors are of particular interest: the specific features of the former totalitarian regime, Bulgaria’s social structure, and the cultural characteristics of Bulgarian society.
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With the break-up of the Soviet Union and the disintegration of its federation systems (Warsaw Pact, CSTO), the bipolar world system came to an end. In between – the western borders of Europe slowly but surely moved eastwards. After the change of regime, Hungary quickly recognised that Croatia could be a key partner in the pursuit of its geopolitical interests, as evidenced by the fact that it was one of the first countries to recognise its independence. The experience of historical coexistence from a common past was a significant factor in this. Over the past thirty years, Croatian-Hungarian relations have been balanced. They have been able to find appropriate solutions to common challenges that have arisen. The situation of national minorities is satisfactory. The Hungarian government’s approach to European domestic policy differs from that of Croatia. We insist more strongly on preserving our nation-state competences within the Union. The aim of this study is to present the developments of the last thirty years.
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Review of: Đuro Škvorc, Vojna sila pobunjenih Srba na Banovini 1992.-1995., Matica hrvatska, Ogranak u Petrinji, Petrinja, 2022.
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The article describes the process of the reconstruction and protection of the Polish minority and Polish heritage in Lviv after 1991. This process is presented in the context of Polish-Ukrainian relations. The author indicates the most impor- tant actors in this process, focusing on presenting this phenomenon in spatial terms. Next, he describes achievements and possibilities for further development, in addition to the causes and effects of the phenomenon.
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