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TRANZITNÍ SPRAVEDLNOST V POSTKONFLIKTNÍM PROSTŘEDÍ: STÍHÁNÍ ZLOČINŮ A USMÍŘENÍ SPOLEČNOSTI

Author(s): Katarína Šipulová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Rozhodnutí, jakým způsobem se vypořádat se zločiny a masovým porušováním lidských práv, je jednou z nejdůležitějších výzev post-konfliktní konsolidace. Vlády postkonfliktních a tranzitujících zemí usilující o obnovení kultury právního státu čelí otázkám, zda potrestat pachatele a bývalé představitele vládní elity, rehabilitovat oběti, nebo naopak udělit amnestie a zapomenout na minulost v zájmu udržení politické a společenské stability.

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SUMMARY: ARMED CONFLICTS AFTER THE END OF THE COLD WAR

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Did the Cold War, or rather the end of it, represent any kind of fundamental milestone in armed conflicts? Answering this question became the central research focus of a project undertaken by a group of specialists from the Department of International Relations and European Studies at the Faculty of Social Studies of Masaryk University as part of the grant funded project “Armed Conflicts in International Relations after the end of the Cold War”. The project was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic.

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Życie codzienne Anny Jagiellonki w latach 1564–1572

Author(s): Patrycja Czarnecka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to reconstruct Anna Jagiellon’s everyday life in the light of her correspondence from the years 1564–1572. Due to her long life, the author focuses only on the short but stable period which began when she had moved to Warsaw in 1564 and ended when her brother, king Sigismund II Augustus, died. Daily life of the royal family member was strictly connected to the idea of a “royal court”. On the one hand, “the court” was defined as an organization consisting of officials, servants and others who were close to the princess but on the other hand, it was also the place where she lived. The article focuses on people who were mentioned in her letters, places where she spent most of her time and her everyday activities.

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Królewskie zdrowie – kondycja fizyczna Zygmunta III Wazy

Author(s): Martyna Góra / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article refers to the health issue of Sigismund III Vasa – the ruler of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1587–1632) as well as King of Sweden (1592–1599). The main goal of the article is to indicate the impact of the aforementioned factor on the kingship. The article focuses on king’s diseases, their symptoms and treatment. The author analyzes monarch’s health since his birth until his death. As it turns out, health had a significant influence on the rule. Whether the king would be disposable or not depended on it.

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Książęca codzienność w cieniu wielkiej polityki. Fryderyk Ludwik książę Walii w latach 1736–1751

Author(s): Magdalena Makówka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this article is to describe the daily life of Frederick Louis Prince of Wales (1707–1751). Frederick had many passions including theatre, art collecting (he was an owner of a great collection of paintings) and gardening. The relationship between Frederick and his parents was very weak throughout his entire life. The author examined the most important stages of his life in the light of the archival material describing his everyday activities, family relations and political beliefs.

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Życie codzienne bernardynów w XVIII i na początku XIX wieku. Wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Maciej Stawiski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Based on various historical sources, the article shows everyday life of Polish Franciscan friars in the 18th and at the beginning of the 19th century. In comparison with other orders, it presents the alimentation, drinks, hygiene and everyday items used by friars. The main conclusion of the article is a constatation that friars predominantly dined on fat cuisine with plenty of meat and drank a lot of alcohol. The article also introduces the topic of hygiene and health. The monasteries, like all other places in the cities at that time, had bad sanitary conditions. The friars had problems with health, but they also used medical care. The article also shows us everyday items used by friars.

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Medyczne aspekty noszenia gorsetu w świetle badań historycznych i współczesnych

Author(s): Izabela Andrzejewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The corset, popular from the 16th to the 20th century, was repeatedly accused of deteriorating women’s health. One of the main concerns among the public and in literature of that time was tightlacing (reducing one’s waist by more than 10 cm), which was believed to cause cancer, consumptions, scoliosis and many other, sometimes deathly, diseases. In order to find if the historical allegations are true, this paper compares the works of 17th to 20th century doctors and publicists, with medical examination of 21st century doctors. The progress of modern medicine excludes most of quoted conditions and clarifies when corsets were safe and when, improperly used, they were dangerous.

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Pobożność katolickich żołnierzy armii koronnej na podstawie testamentów oblatowanych w księgach grodzkich lubelskich w okresie wazowskim. Rekonesans źródłowy

Author(s): Izabela Śliwińska-Słomska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on the issue of piousness of Catholic soldiers of the Crown Army in the Vasa period on the basis of their wills. Six professional soldiers’s wills entered in the books of the town court in Lublin in the years 1621–1655 were analysed. The sources made it possible to distinguish the attitude of soldiers towards God and death, as well as to analyse the records for religious purposes: churches, monasteries and charitable causes. The article also deals with the issue of money donated for masses for the souls of deceased soldiers.

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Życie codzienne oficerów i marynarzy Royal Navy na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku

Author(s): Wiktor Stypczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The Royal Navy was the backbone of Britain’s defence system for centuries. During the late 18th and early 19th century this led to a situation where it was in a state of constant war for over 20 years. This article aims to show the daily life of the crews of Royal Navy’s ships during the height of its power in the Nelson Era. It presents aspects of the daily service on board of ships, the food of the crews as well as the elements of everyday naval culture manifested in the ethos of service at sea. In order to discuss the topic, the paper also shows a sample career pathway explaining the motivations of seafarers.

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Niecodzienna codzienność – z życia w niewoli żołnierza epoki napoleońskiej

Author(s): Hubert Korzeniowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this paper is to examine different problems of prisoners of war in the Napoleonic era – the question which has not been profoundly elaborated in Polish historiography yet. Conditions and alimentation of prisoners, war crimes and enforced enlisting in the enemy’s armies are the most important issues discussed in the article. Primary sources analyzed by the author were confined to diaries of Polish veterans of the Napoleonic Wars. Soldiers described their personal experience of English, Spanish, Austrian and Russian imprisonment. Therefore, the aforementioned problems were referred in the broader geographical and social context of the first decade of the 19th century.

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Fortepian, albo plagi domowe. Paradoks gry na fortepianie w Warszawie na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Marta Michalska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Why did domestic piano playing become a problem in the late 19th century? In this text I listen closely to complaints about the sounds of piano playing and analyse a multifaceted sonic phenomenon of a girl from a (aspiring) middle class family playing the instrument on a daily basis. I describe how the piano playing became an important part of middle class upbringing but also how it was being criticised, especially in the second part of the century. Most importantly, I focus on a girl and I ponder what role the piano could really play in her life. Following suggestions of Ruth A. Solie I claim that the piano was an important tool for emotional labour and emotion management, not only for the girl but also for the whole family.

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Życie codzienne w księżycowej rzeczywistości. Na srebrnym globie Jerzego Żuławskiego jako astronomiczna metafora krytyki społecznej i naukowej przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Wojciech Milej / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main objective of this paper is to examine how Jerzy Żuławski in his novel "Na srebrnym globie" [On the Silver Globe] described Moon’s environment in the context of everyday life. At the end of the 19th century Żuławski’s novel was a prominent example of Polish intellectual atmosphere which can be depicted as permanent sadness, doubt and human inability to create stable predictable future. Also this article underscores the meaning of literary metaphor in a process of describing main problems of the Polish 19th century society. Żuławski used the Moon as a tool to show how different human issues can be filled into another environment but still remain as important and actual as it was on the Earth. Everyday life in this particular case was presented as dangerous and harmful reality that cannot be changed by human knowledge and preparedness for interstellar travels.

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„Czego pragnie gospodyni?” Asortyment codziennego użytku reklamowany w kobiecym tygodniku „Dobra Gospodyni” (1901–1915)

Author(s): Agnieszka Goluch / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the topic of the newspaper advertisement at the beginning of the 20th century on the example of weekly women magazine called “Dobra Gospodyni” [“Good Housewife”]. The magazine published in Warsaw in 1901–1915, gave advice that was designed to help run a household. The article analyzes advertisements of everyday objects including cosmetic and confectionery industry, agricultural products, household items and groceries.

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Czerwone wstążki i terpentyna – hodowla bydła w Irlandii na początku XX wieku

Author(s): Antonina Pawłowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses issues related to everyday life of the Irish country at the beginning of the 20th century in the context of cattle husbandry together with customs and beliefs related to it. The article attempts to analyse Irish folklore related to cattle and the impact of the cows on the daily life of the farmers in the cultural, economic and social aspect. The sources for this analysis were the materials gathered by the Irish Folklore Commission during the School’s Scheme in the years 1937–1939.

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Życie codzienne bezrobotnych w Zagłębiu Dąbrowskim w okresie międzywojennym

Author(s): Mateusz Radomski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article describes a problem of unemployment in the interwar period in the Dąbrowa Basin. It shows how this phenomenon was developing during the years from regaining independence in 1918 to its loss in 1939. In fact, the greatest intensity of this problem falls on the years 1930–1935, during the Great Depression. Unemployment was particularly strong in the Dąbrowa Basin, due to the large number of industrial plants. The article raises issues related to daily life of unemployed inhabitants of this area. It relates to matters such as poverty, social assistance but most of all, it refers to attempts at coping with this reality. The author shows how the unemployed tried to earn their living, not always legally, e.g. by begging, stealing or illegal coal mining. It all adds up to the difficult history of this period. The article uses archives, the press of that time and diaries of the inhabitants.

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PRL serwuje: zupa „nic”, schab z mortadeli, sałatka „byle co”

Author(s): Maciej Waleszczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main aim of the article is to present the culinary side of the Polish People’s Republic. What was eaten and how? Did the shortage of meat trigger the necessity to become a vegetarian or vegan? What did the average citizen of the Polish People’s Republic spend his money on? The primary source in this case were cookbooks. Not only did they present recipes, but they were important guides for women aspiring to be rational and resourceful housewives. Totalitarian power wanted to control its citizens also in terms of cuisine. Despite the difficulties and problems, cleverness and appropriate strategies allowed people to create simple, quick and, from the present perspective, sophisticated dishes.

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Jihoslovanské jazyky na Filozofické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity. Tradice a současnost

Author(s): Pavel Krejčí / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V úvodu k přehledu studia jihoslovanských jazyků a odborného bádání o nich na FF MU nebude jistě od věci, provedeme-li stručný faktografický úvod do oblasti, v níž se těmito jazyky hovoří. Teritorium osídlené jižními Slovany je v rámci slovanského světa nejpočetnější co do množství států i oficiálních (úředních) jazyků, třebaže svou rozlohou i počtem slovanských mluvčích je v porovnání s východoslovanským a západoslovanským prostorem nejmenší (rozloha cca 356 tis. km2 je srovnatelná s rozlohou Spolkové republiky Německo, přibližně 27 mil. jeho slovanských obyvatel představuje jednu třetinu obyvatel Německa). Od svých severoslovanských sousedů je navíc odděleno rumunsko-maďarsko-rakouskou „hrází“. Na prostoru jihovýchodní Evropy se dnes nachází sedm slovanských států (seřazených v našem výčtu podle velikosti), jejichž obyvatelé hovoří oficiálně sedmi jihoslovanskými jazyky: Bulharsko (110,9 tis. km2 , 7 mil. obyv., hl. m. Sofija – č. Sofie; úř. jazyk bulharština), Srbsko (77,5 tis. km2 , 7 mil. obyv., hl. m. Beograd – č. Bělehrad; úř. jazyk srbština), Chorvatsko (56,5 tis. km2 , 4,5 mil. obyv., hl. m. Zagreb – č. Záhřeb; úř. jazyk chorvatština), Bosna a Hercegovina (51,1 tis. km2 , 4 mil. obyv., hl. m. Sarajevo; úř. jazyky bosenština, srbština, chorvatština), Makedonie (od r. 2019 Severní Makedonie, 25,7 tis. km2 , 2,2 mil. obyv., hl. m. Skopje; úř. jazyk makedonština), Slovinsko (20,2 tis. km2 , 2 mil. obyv., hl. m. Ljubljana – č. Lublaň; úř. jazyk slovinština) a Černá Hora (13,8 tis. km2 , 0,7 mil. obyv., hl. m. Podgorica; úř. jazyky černohorština, srbština, bosenština, chorvatština).

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ULOGA ANTIFAŠISTIČKOG FRONTA ŽENA U REVOLUCIONARNIM MIJENAMA DRUŠTVA – MOBILIZACIJA, ORGANIZACIJA, EMANCIPACIJA

Author(s): Vera Katz / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

During socialist Yugoslavia, in Bosnian-Herzegovinian historiography, the emancipation of women was associated with her participation in the People’s Liberation Struggle. From 1942, when the organization of the Anti-Fascist Women’s Front of Yugoslavia was formally established, until 1953, when it was abolished at the Fourth Congress, this mass organization was more or less, and even under the full influence of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, depending on political circumstances. Although this women’s organization was publicly thanked for its successful work, with the constant remark that more women and better results are expected, prominent women members, as well as women fighters and women members of the Party did not participate in the highest emerging government institution during the war, as well as postwar period. The promises of the revolutionary government during the war time were fulfilled immediately after the war by constitutional and legal solutions. Women in socialist Yugoslavia received active and passive voting rights, equal pay with men for equal work, equality in family and inheritance law, the right to divorce, the right to share marital property, the right to protection of illegitimate children, paid maternity leave, the right to guardianship, etc., with tendency to expend legislation in favor of women. However, equality between women and men was more based on legislation and less on a fundamental change in female-male relations in everyday life because it was difficult to change the stereotype of the women as a caring mother, hardworking housewife and exemplary worker – so women did not have much time to socio-political activities. In addition, women were not brave enough to get rid of the imposed restrictions.

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Sjeveroistočna Bosna – pozitivan primjer razvoja lokalne historiografije

Author(s): Edin Mutapčić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

As an important turn in studying the area of northeastern Bosnia in our historical science we can characterize the doctoral thesis and later monograph “Tuzla and its surrounding in the XVI century”, which is still a pattern of monographic processing of a region in our science. In the late seventies and eighties, at last, it moves away from scientific framework that established by Ć. Truhelka and H. Kreševljaković. Consequently, in the study of the medieval history of the area of northeastern Bosnia several researchers have emerged like: A. Benković, M. Baum, Đ. Basler, B. Nilević, P. Živković, and Pavao Anđelić – which left the largest mark. The interdisciplinarity of research is present through ethnological processing of this area in the works of Milenko Filipović and Salih Kulenović. Should be noted that until aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, the most important event was launching of Članci i građa magazine by Museum in Tuzla (in 1958). Though, one moment leaves a large mark on the study of local historiography. That is a monographic treatment of particular areas in the Liberation War in socialist revolution. These projects opened the door to a local historiography. The poor scientific treatment of the area of northeastern Bosnia recognized by Academy of Science and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina four decades ago in the program DC XIII 2 (from 1986). However, at the time of the aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina two projects of particular importance for the further development of historiography in the area northeastern Bosnia were created. Certainly, the opening of the Department of History and Geography, or History, at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University in Tuzla must have a leading role. Thus, in their works A. Kožar, B. Omerčević, S. Hadžić, S. Selimović, D. Bećirović, I. Šabotić and A. Jahić often refer to the subject matter of the specified area. The second project is magazine Gračanički glasnik where the initial duo O. Hamzić and R. Djedović, and later E. Šaković, have been printing, in double, for over two decades. In the initiative – publishing part we mustn’t forget the Archive of the Tuzla Canton and the Institute for the Protection and Use of Cultural and Historical Heritage of the Tuzla Canton, which bring together numerous researchers of the history of this area.

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Muzeografija i historiografija bosanskohercegovačke umjetnosti u postsocijalističkom stanju krize

Author(s): Asja Mandić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

In the historiographical practice, museum has been viewed more and more as an institution which not only collects and exhibits evidence of historical knowledge, but acts as original contributor and actively participates in the construction of that knowledge. This paper examines the relationship between historiography and museography in the context of curating and writing history of art of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The crowning institution in this country, a paramount example of such relationship, is the Art Gallery of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was founded by the socialist government of the People’s Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1946, right after WWII, as a mechanism for materialization of its authority and its powers and its conscious political didactic. Established as the most authoritative institution in the field of visual art, it regulated public sphere of art, and along with other museum institutions of the republic, it actively participated in the construction of its distinctive artistic tradition, its history as well as cultural identity. The gallery and is curators, engaged in systematic research, evaluation and presentation of Bosnian and Herzegovinian art, were actively involved in writing its history. The prominence of this institution and its exhibitions, especially the retrospective ones — that provided the curatorial representation of history and the first narratives on the development of modern art in Bosnia and Herzegovina — has been materialized through the four publications that still represent the only surveys of modern art of this country. Along with giving the original contribution to the history of art, this institution also played an important role in repositioning the art of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the margin to the centre of Yugoslav cultural scene in the 1980s. The collapse of socialism, that went hand in hand with the breakup of Yugoslav state and independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, followed by the brutal war (1992–1995), horrible destruction, human loss and ethnic cleansing, resulted in the complete economic and political breakdown, in the dysfunctional, destabilized and ethnically divided state.

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