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Mehmed Fuad Köprülü began his political life as a deputy of Kars in 1935 at personel request of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. However, it cannot be said that he had taken an active role in politics until 1945. In 1945, along with Adnan Menderes, Celal Bayar and Refik Koraltan, they took part in the opposition movement against the anti-democratic policies of National Chief İsmet İnönü beside the one-party government and they formed a new political party in the name of Democratic Party (DP) as a result of this opposition. Köprülü had served as Deputy Prime Ministry, in Ministry of National Defense and particularly in Ministry of Foreign Affairs until 1957, when he resigned from the party in DP government. With the drifting of the Prime Minister Menderes away from the democratic understanding of the party’s foundation, Köprülü criticized this situation, made great efforts to correct it, and officially resigned from the DP on September 6, 1957, when he realized that he could not fix this situation in the party. The process of Köprülü’s separation from Democratic Party has been examined in the study.
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Bir hareketin büyük mütefekkirlerinden Yüksek Türk yetisine, kurtuluşun tek yolu İslâm ahlâk ve fâziletini yerleştiren bir münevver. Kendi deyimiyle "İslâm imân ve ahlâkına göre yaşamayı en büyük saadet bilen, büyük Türk milletini iki cihanda aziz ve mesut görmek isteyen ve böylece İslâm'ı gaye edinen Türk milliyetçiliği şuuruna sahip" birisi. Seyyit Ahmet Arvasi... Türkiye'nin en yüksek noktası ünvanına sahip Ağrı Dağı'nın adını aldığı il olan Ağrı şehrinin, Doğubeyazıt ilçesinde; 15 Şubat 1932'de dünyaya gelir. Köyü, soy isimlerine ithafen “Arvas” adını taşır. Babası Anadolu'da ki büyük âlimlerden ve peygamber soyundan gelen Seyyit Abdulhâkim Arvasi'dir. -Abdulhâkim Arvasi, Üstat Necip Fazıl'ın İslâmlaşmasına ve fikriyatının oluşmasına vesile olarak bilinir.- Altı çocuklu bir ailenin ferdi olan Ahmet Arvasi, ilk ve ortaöğretimini Van-Doğubeyazıt- Erzurum arasında tamamlar. Liseye Erzurum Erkek Okulu'nda adım atar. Erciş Öğretmen Okulu'ndan mezun olur. 1952 yılında Konya'nın Doğanbeyli nahiyesinde öğretmenlik hayatına başlar.
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A feeling of “new” emerged in almost every level as the political situations stabilized by the balance of terror that appeared in the post World War II era started to disintegrate by the 1980’s. For the past two decades, the postmodern debates dominated the cultural and intellectual scene in many fields throughout the world. In aesthetic and cultural theory, polemics emerged over whether modernism in the arts was or was not dead and what sort of postmodern art was succeeding it. Advocates of the postmodern in turn aggressively criticized traditional culture, theory, and politics, while defenders of the modern tradition responded either by ignoring the new challenger, by attacking it in return, or by attempting to come to terms with and appropriate the new discourses and positions.
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Bruto nacionalni proizvod neke zemlje može se razdijeliti na različite načine. Konkretno, može se razdijeliti tako da bolje zadovoljava manje hitne nego hitnije potrebe. U tom je slučaju opće blagostanje stanovništva ispod objektivno postizive razine. Ovaj jednostavni zdravorazumski pristup potiče dobro poznate i goleme analitičke i teoretske probleme. Ako prihvatimo - kao što se to općenito čini - da međupersonalne usporedbe blagostanja nisu moguće ili opravdane, tada izgleda da nema objektivnih kriterija za prosuđivanje relativne hitnosti potreba. Uz to, opće blagostanje ovisi ne samo o raspodjeli, već i o proizvodnji. Stoga imamo zamku povratne sprege u sistemu koji ne možemo mjeriti - jasnu analitički mrtvu točku.
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Since second half of XX century, creation of powerful industrial enterprises, increase in industrial power, development of scientific and technical progress created a condition for the decision of some social and economic problems, but on the other hand it characterized increase in environmental problems and environmental pollution acceleration. With expansion and deepening of industrial activities affected negative influence on a life and health of people increased. For this reason in a market economy condition, the problem of prevention of environmental pollution comes on the first rows of social responsibilities.
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1946-1960’lı yıllarda savaş ve onun getirdiği belalar, savaştakilerin kahramanlıkları bütün kültür alanları gibi edebiyatı da belirgin etkilemiştir. Birçok Azerbaycan yazarları eserlerini savaş motiflerine adamışlardır. İnsan his ve duygularını tavsif eden yazarlarsa kendiliğinde, ideolojik hizmete dayanan bazı eleştirmenlerin olumsuz eleştirileriyle karşılaşıyorlardı. Edebiyatı ideolojik çerçevelerden çıkmaya koymamak amacıyla Komünist Partisinin ideolojik meselelerle ilişkili karar altına alınmıştı (14 Ağustos, 1946). 24 Ağustos 1946 yılında çıkan karara göre tiyatroların dramatik repertuarı düzenlenmeliydi. (1, v.45) Bu ideolojik düzenlemeden kurtulamayan Azerbaycan yazarlarının savaş sonrası yaratıcılığında emeğin terennümünün ön planda tutulmasına rağmen, güzel sanat örnekleri yaranırdı. Bu dönemde verilen bütün edebi eserlerin, aynı zamanda lirik şiirin ana problemi insan kalbinin manevi gelişimiydi.
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Great dramatist Mirze Feteli Akhundzade, who gave a special support to critical- realism in our generalized Turkish literature in XIX and he established many genres in Turkish literature for example with his six comedy (“Hekayeti- Molla Ibrahimkhalil kimyager”, “Misyo Jordan and Dervish Mestali Shah”, “Hikayeti-vezirikhani- Lenkeran”, “Serguzeshti- merdi- khesis” or “Haji Gara”, “Murafie vekilleri”), satiric-realism with his “Aldanmish kevakib” story, philosophical tractate with “Kemaluddovle mektublari” and he established criticism genre with his critical papers. That’s why this great writer’s legacy was one of the research issues from XX century’s beginning till now. From 1970-1980 M.F.Akhunzade’s cultural legacy was investigated from different points. From these periods’ researchers Nadir Mammadov, Yashar Garayev, Arif Mammadov, Nadir Velikhanov, Veli Nabiyev and others tried to show their results in the papers and they paid attention to its positive and negative points. Especially they gave place for writer’s works’ genre problem and issue concerning to craftsman.
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This paper tries to demonstrate how The Godfather by Francis Ford Coppola challenges the myth of the American Dream. The thesis of the paper is that The Godfather is not a film seeking to re-establish American norms and ideals, but that it tries to break down and shed light on the corrupt side of the modern American society through the myth of “the American Dream”. The structure of the paper is so that first, what other academics and critiques have to say about Coppola’s attempt to criticize the American society and ideals will be visited, as this will give the reader a clearer understanding of the film’s meaning and message. Then, analyses of how certain characters are built and how their presence and attributes contribute to the film’s meaning will be conducted, topped off with the usage of props.
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Lacking a structured ideological basis, the early Romanian national Communism stresses the idea of independence, attempting to assert the theory of Communist national origins. The recourse to Romanian history was used to fill in the void created within the ideological space by the rejection of Muscovite integration policies. During the first phase, until 1968, history was used mainly as a weapon to wage foreign ideological battles; afterwards, national history, reinterpreted according to Ceauşescu’s views, became the basis of a new national ideology and, consequently, a means of propaganda. Historian’s professional actions and historiography itself became part of the state policy and therefore were completely subdued to Ceauşescu’s efforts of forming a new type of Romanian civilization, having a Socialist form and National content. The increasing frequency and quality of contacts with the West, along with an obvious timing of Romanian historians’ participation in inter-Socialist projects started a genuine ideological battle between Romanian historians and those from the “Socialist community”, especially the USSR, Hungary and Bulgaria – countries with whom Romania had a series of territorial disputes and the interpretation of national history became a means of outward signal sending, particularly towards the Socialist countries and especially the USSR.
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Bulgaria joined the Second World War on the side of Germany and was defeated. The Red Army of Russia, which is among the victors of the war, occupied the country and founded a socialist government close to itself. The Patriotic Front government preferred “the Soviet model” in its domestic and foreign policy. The government applied the policies of pressure, persecution and forced immigration to the minorities in its country, particularly to the Muslim Turks. The Turks, living near Turkish border of Bulgaria were exiled to interior regions by the order of Stalin and those, who resisted to these policies, were forced migration to Turkey in 1950-1951 years. Bulgarian government applied assimilation policies towards Turks staying in the country in the context of the secret decisions, taken by the Bulgarian Communist Party Central Committee Politburo and tried to create “a socialist society with one-nation”. In this study, the policies towards Turks in Bulgaria and the reasons of their immigrations to Turkey have been analyzed on the basis of official documents.
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Konjic municipality has an area of 1,346 km square and extends from municipalities Trnovo in the north to the municipalities Kreševo, Fojnica, Rama in the south-west and Jablanica municipality in the south. Konjic is spacious largest municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mainly located in the Neretva river basin, from the river source to Ostrošac, the hydro- reservoirs Jablanicalake. The Neretva valley with its major tributaries and many smaller rivers with vast fields of fertile alluvial sediments, abundant grasslands, forests and mild sub-Mediterranean climate is an extraordinarily area of people’s lives. According to archaeological sources and pinpointed sites people lived here even at a stone age from 2400 to 2200 year BC. In the age of metal (bronze and iron) there are located72 settlements in which we can say there lived from 5000 to 7000 because the population to live in families, and the family is counted from 50 to 100 people. In ancient times, which goes back to the Roman Empire occupation of areas Iliric to drop the Empire in 476thAD assume that the population grew due to the significant influence of non Illyrian population of the vast empire and because of the intensive development of the economy and the presence of huge military garrison for the defense of the invading Germanic tribes. Of course, in the early feudal period after the fall of the Roman Empire comes to the settlement of these areas by the Goths, the Avars, but not negligible immigration and Vlach elements. At that time appear and Slavic tribes. From 1463rd AD, with the fall of Hum countries and the Bosnian kingdom under Ottoman rule, begins a new era with completely different attitude. Population estimates at this time could be derived from the Turkish census of taxpayers where the current municipality of Konjic were 1,861 home-host, and we assume that every household had at least 6 members makes 11,166 residents. Interestingly, in 1469th the total number was 11,166 no Muslim inhabitants (Catholics, Orthodox, members of the Bosnian Church and only 5 Muslims). So, Islamization has completed in 1585th. During the Austro-Hungarian administration, there were four complete statistical list as follows: 1879th, 1885th, 1895th and 1910th. After the 1879th census, the total number of the municipality amounted to 14,284 inhabitants, of which 7,822 Muslims, Orthodox 2,041 and Catholic Croats 4,421 resident, and in 1910th the total number of the municipality amounted to 23,542 inhabitants of which 8,469 Catholics. For the duration of the state of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and then the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918 - 1941) there were two lists as follows: 1921 and 1931. After this first list is kept roughly the same population as per 1910th census. The Socialist Yugoslavia was held 6 list, as follows: 1948th, 1953rd, 1961st, 1971st, 1981st and 1991st. According to preliminary unofficial results of the inventory in the current state of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2013th, the total population in the municipality of Konjic is 26,381 but it doesn’t have a national composition. According to unofficial data now in the municipality of Konjic lives less than 1,500 Croats - Catholics or 5.7 %.
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