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Review of: Eštok, G. (2020). (Ne)dávne hľadanie strednej európy. (in English: (Un)Delayed Search For Central Europe). Košice: Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach, 2020. 192 pp. ISBN 9788081529245.
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The document contains a collection of memoirs from survivors and witnesses of the Holocaust, organized by the Jewish Museum in Prague and provides brief annotations of the recorded memoirs, numbered from 301 to 400, with information such as the names, dates, places, and experiences of the individuals. The memoirs cover various aspects of the Holocaust, such as deportation, ghetto life, concentration camps, resistance, hiding, liberation, and post-war adaptation. The document is a valuable source of historical and personal testimonies of the Jewish fate during the Nazi occupation.
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This article examines the history of the government regulation on the legal status of Jews in public life, which was approved by the Protectorate government on July 4, 1939, but published only nine months later, on April 24, 1940. The author traces the origins of this regulation to Hitler's directives on the German occupation policy in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, which were presented by State Secretary Wilhelm Stuckart on March 25, 1939. The author analyzes the differences between the definition of Jewishness proposed by the Protectorate government and the one imposed by the Reich Protector Konstantin von Neurath on June 21, 1939, based on the Nuremberg laws. The author also explores the reasons for the delay in the publication of the regulation and the interventions of various German authorities, such as the Reich Ministry of the Interior, the Office of the Reich Protector, and the Security Police, in the drafting process. The author concludes that the regulation was a result of the conflicting interests and dynamics of the German and Czech actors involved in the Nazi occupation policy.
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The article discusses the historical significance and context of the Wannsee Conference, which was held on January 20, 1942 in Berlin to coordinate the implementation of the "Final Solution" of the Jewish question in Nazi-occupied Europe. The author argues that the conference was not the starting point of the genocide of European Jews, but rather a bureaucratic meeting to inform and involve various state agencies in the ongoing mass murder that had already begun in the Soviet Union and Poland. The author also analyzes the motivations and roles of different Nazi leaders, such as Hitler, Göring, Himmler, and Heydrich, in planning and executing the "Final Solution", as well as the euphemistic terminology and deceptive methods they used to conceal their criminal intentions.
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Reviews of: 1. Charles Wengrov: Haggadah and Woodcut. An Introduction to the Passover Haggadah Completed by Gershom Cohen in Prague. Sunday, 26th Teveth 5287 / December 30, 1528. Schulsinger Brothers, New York 1967. Passover Haggadah, Shmuel Mohr, Bene-Beraq, 1988. 2. Shammai Waks: Grief is My Song (Ma trojer lid) Los Angeles, 1966, 104 pages. 3. Růžena Bubeníčkovi, Ludmila Kubátová, Irena Malá: Tábory utrpení a smrti. - The Camps of Suffering and Death, Svoboda, Prague, 1969, 490 pages. 4. Arnold Pauckert: Der jüdische Abwehrkampf gegen Antisemitismus und Nationalsozialismus in den letzten fahren der Weimarer Republik. Hamburg, Leibniz-Verlag, 1988, 311 S.
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1. Terezín (Theresienstadt) am 3, September 1972 2. Le cycle des conférences „De l’histoire de l’art juif“
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The article commemorates the 100th anniversary of the birth of dr. Josef Polák, who was a member of the staff of the war-time Jewish museum in Prague, participated in preparing its exhibitions and perished in Auschwitz at the end of World War II. The readers are informed about his life and work in the field of museology and history of art.
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When imprisoned in the Terezin concentration camp-ghetto, Karel Heřman collected a number of documents. The collection, which is kept in the Terezin Memorial, represents the most important source of information on the prisoners’ activities in the field of theatre and recitation. The author of the paper mentions the most important data from Heřman’s collection concerning Terezin theatrical performances and revues.
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Review of: Alicja Szlazakowa: Janucz Korczak, Bratislava 1984, 89 S. Joža Karas: Music in Terezín 1941—1945, New York 1985, 223 pages Alena Hájková: Komika jako nástroj kritiky maloměšťáctví v díle Karla Poláčka (Die Komik ais Instrument der Kritik am Kleinbürgertum im Werk des Karel Poláček), Studie CSAV 7, Praha, Academia 1985, 109 S., russisches Resümee Thérèse und Mendel Metzger: Jüdisches Leben im Mittelalter nach illuminierten hebräischen Handschriften vom 13. bis 16. Jahrhundert. Edition Popp, Würzburg, Verlag GmbH et Co., 1983, 324 Seiten Holzschnitte und Plastiken von Leopold Hecht
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The article mentions some works of art made in the Terezin concentration camp-ghetto and surveys various spheres of the prisoners’ artistic activities. Terezin drawings by about forty authors, either kept in the State Jewish Museum or the Terezin Memorial, are studied from the point of view of the techniques used, motifs chosen and depicted, etc.
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1. Детские рисунки из концентрационного лагеря Терезин 2. Выставка, посвященная работе Государственного еврейского музея в Праге 3. Ein Bericht über die Restaurierung und Konservierung einer Gewürzbüchse
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The study focuses on the artistic aspects of traditional furniture from Bessarabia, dating from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. We emphasize the importance of materials, decorative techniques, artistic means, and decorative structure in the crafting and decorating of traditional furniture. The motivation for this research lies in analyzing how the culture and folk art of Moldova are reflected in the characteristics of traditional furniture. The specific hypothesis of this study posits that Moldovan traditional furniture represents an expression of the talent and artistic sense of the craftsmen and householders from Moldova. The research aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the materials used, including wood and others, as well as decorative techniques such as carving, sculpture, and painting. The objectives include a comprehensive description of the mentioned materials and techniques. The research methods included documentary analysis, relevant illustrations, and extensive field research in all regions of the Republic of Moldova, spanning the years 2007-2023, contributing to the scientific and applied foundation of the research. The main results consist of highlighting the role of traditional furniture in reflecting Moldovan culture and folk art, providing data and illustrative images to support these aspects.
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Tin Ujević, der wohl bedeutendste Dichter der klassischen Moderne in Kroatien, stand zu Lebzeiten und in der späteren Rezeption in einem spannungsvollen Verhältnis zur Avantgarde. Der poetologische Wandel und die Schwankungen beim Einsatz avantgardistischer Mittel führten i.d.R. zu dem Schluss, es ginge bei Ujević lediglich um Elemente, Phasen oder Teilaneignungen der Avantgarde. Betont wird im vorliegenden Beitrag hingegen der umfassende Charakter von Ujevićs Eingriff ins literarische Feld, sein revolutionärer Bruch im Verhältnis zu den Kategorien Mimesis, Subjektivität und Linearität – lesbar als implizite Antwort auf die theoretische Debatte über die Wiederholbarkeit der Avantgarde.
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Reviews of: 1. Ludmila Vrkočová: Hudba terezínského ghetta (Die Musik des Theresienstädter Ghettos) Jazzpetit 8/1981, 43 Seiten mit 51 Bildbeilagen 2. Witold J. Tyloch: Gramatyka jçzyka hebrajskiego. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 1980 3. Martin Litvin: The Journey. Galesburg Historical Society, Galesburg, Illinois, 1981. XL + 473 pages, 22 plates
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Before I proceed to further detailed and developed arguments, I would like to present the main research problem involving the following question: how did the Border Protection Forces evolve in the years 1945–1965 from the perspective of the legal system and the constitutional law in particular. The constitution referred to above is not the basic law “as such”, in common parlance, but it is the constitution present in the course of the evolution of the legal status of the Frontier Protection Forces. This article is mainly focused on this constitution, although, apart from that, it contains the spectrum of legal and constitutional schemes adopted in different periods of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces in their constitutions. It is therefore immanent to present the process of the functioning of the Border Guard Forces – the origin and evolution of legal norms in the light of the constitution and the whole system of law, as well as the changes taking place in the system of law in the time-space between 1945 and 1965. Taking into account the defined objectives, it turned out to be necessary to present the work from a historical perspective. The chronology of facts is important for the discussed subject matter, as it helps to systematize the deliberations. The structure of the work has been adapted to the above principles of this publication. It begins with a legal-historical part introducing the subject of the tradition of constitutionalism in Poland. It presents the reasons for the creation and the process of subordination of border formations to various institutional solutions, and systematizes the legal and organizational transformation of the Border Protection Forces created in 1945 as a separate type of troops by the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Internal Affairs as part of the People's Army of Poland. The Border Protection Forces repeatedly revised its structural- -bureaucratic subordination from the Ministry of National Defence through the Ministry of Public Security to the Ministry of the Interior and vice versa. The general research method became a legal-historical method to reconstruct the past state of affairs, the evolution of the legal status of the Border Protection Forces.
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Review of: Phonographic Encounters: Mapping Transnational Cultures Of Sound, 1890–1945. Editors: Elodie A. Roy and Eva Moreda Rodríguez Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2022. ISBN: 978-0-367-43921-7 (hbk); ISBN: 978-1-032-05711-8 (pbk); ISBN: 978-1-003-00649-7 (ebk); DOI: 10.4324/9781003006497.
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The article investigates the connection between the early record industry and the development of copyright legislation in Croatia and the former Yugoslavia between 1929 and the 1960s. Special attention is given to the topic of the implementation of copyright and the related rights within domestic record production in the selected period. The concept of the author, partly constructed through the implementation of copyright, is then reconsidered in the example of early Yugoslavian popular music.
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The article is about Janina Brzostowska (1897-1986) – a polish poet, writer, translator and her relationship with Emil Zegadłowicz (1888-1941) – a poet and a playwriter. I started from her literary achievements and published poems and novels. Then I described members of the „Czartak” group (Emil Zegadłowicz, Edward Kozikowski, Tadeusz Szantroch, Janina Brzostowska) and their connections. My article mainly touches the type of relationship between Janina Brzostowska and Emil Zegadłowicz. I analyzed it from different perspectives: friendhip, artistic dependence and master-disciple relationship. The result of my resarch indicates artistic dependence. Emil Zegadłowicz was an experienced poet and a famous man who supported young poets in literary community. On the other hand, Janina Brzostowska made the group’s image more attractive and increased the audience which needed sensitivity and gentleness. In my work, I cite the opinions of various specialists in the field of literature and humanities and I cite quotes from the family members: Witold Brostow - Janina Brzostowska’s son and Ewa Wegenke, the granddaughter of Emil Zegadłowicz.
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Propaganda played a very important role during Fascism; the kind of propaganda used by Mussolini to build a totalitarian state was to a very large extent based on his own personality cult, on the myth of the leader. Despite the disastrous outcome of the Mussolini regime, the propaganda has outlived Mussolini himself. Cultivating the image therefore becomes an essential part of the mechanism of generating consensus, anticipating by more than half a century the politics of spectacle used today throughout the world.
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Review of: Marushiakova E., Popov V. (Eds.). Roma Voices in History. A Sourcebook. Roma Civil Emancipation in Central, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe from the 19th Century till World War II. BRILL, Ferdinand Schdöningh, 2021, 1104 p.
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