ИЗБОРИ И ПРЕСТЪПЛЕНИЯ ВЪВ ВОТА ЗА ШЕСТОТО ВЕЛИКО НАРОДНО СЪБРАНИЕ ПРЕЗ 1946 г.

Author(s): Todor Galounov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

In the fall of 1946 in Bulgaria are held the elections for the Sixth Grand National Assembly. In his vote are fighting government of the Fatherland Front and the opposition grouped around BANU “Nikola Petkov” and Bulgarian Workers’ Social Democratic Party (United). The political campaign is replete with numerous violations – creating unfair conditions for electoral competition, threats, violence, replacement of the vote, murders. Elections hold the sad record for most killed and abused citizens. The paradox is that these were the last elections which allowed some pluralism. Part of the deputies failed to finnish their mandate and opposition leader Nikola Petkov was sentenced and executed. In the next 44 years in Bulgaria there are no longer held even minimum imitations of pluralistic vote.

Отзив за: Татяна Димитрова. Диктатурата на генерал Примо де Ривера: крачка назад по пътя към демокрацията. Велико Търново, 2015

Author(s): Gergana Aleksieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

НАЧАЛО НА КУРС КЪМ ОТКРИТА СЪВЕТИЗАЦИЯ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И НАЛАГАНЕ НА СТАЛИНОВИЯ МОДЕЛ НА УПРАВЛЕНИЕ – КАДРОВИ РОКАДИ И ДИНАМИКА НА ПАРТИЙНИЯ ЕЛИТ

Author(s): Mina Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

A new phase of open imposition of Stalinism began in Bulgaria from the summer of 1948 and its intensification was demonstrated in 1949. When Valko Chervenkov headed the 68-th Bulgarian government in February 1950, his administration throughout the next four years led a course towards open and unreserved Sovietization and application of the Stalin model in all realms of social, political, economic and cultural life of the country. The radical turning point in the government led to purges, confrontation and displacements at the top of the party and government administration in Bulgaria. They were accompanied by personal rivalry and the weighing of past merits among Bulgarian communist elite representatives and predetermined by Stalin’s attitude in favour of long time political immigrants and of the “youngsters” in governance.

Демократична Македония – извън хватката на Тито

Author(s): Milen Mihov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The establishment of communist dictatorship in Vardar Macedonia started at a fast pace as early as the beginning of 1945. The resistance to the new Yugoslav power was organized by the followers of the idea of an independent, democratic Macedonia under the aegis of the western countries. The members of the Bulgarian organization IMRO played a major role in the struggle for separation from Yugoslavia and were subjected to mass repressions. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the end of the 20th c., the issue of the political and historical rehabilitation of the victims of communism in FYROM still remains open.

Проблемът за съдебната власт в процеса на изработване и приемане на Конституцията от 1947 г.

Author(s): Lora Doncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

The problems concerning the constitutional settlement of the issues related to the principles of the structure and functioning of the judiciary occupy an important place in the elaboration of the Constitution of 1947. The article reveals the impact of the political changes on the modification of the constitutional provisions determining the position of the judiciary as an integral part of the state organization. The author dwells on the alternative views and positions expressed during the discussions by the political opponents, such as the Bulgarian Workers’ Party (Communists) and its allies in the Fatherland Front, as well as by the opposition. The author follows the process of elimination of the typical parliamentary principles of the judiciary and the imposition of the Soviet state doctrine in constitutional law governing the structure and functioning of the judiciary on the eve of the adoption of the Constitution of 1947.

Рец. на: Иван Русев, Стоян Стоянов, Камелия Савова-Симеонова. Институтът на Заклетите експерт-счетоводители в България и неговите председатели (1931–1948). София 2022: „Spektar.bg“, ISBN 978-954-91469-3-6. 215 с.

Author(s): Milko Palangurski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Recenzii

Author(s): Claudiu Degeratu,Gheorghe Onișoru,Florin Constantiniu,Lucian Năstasă,Flori Stănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1995

Reviews of: 1. Gale Stokes, From Stalinism to Pluralism - A Documentary History of Eastern Europe since 1945, New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991. 2. Aleksa Djilas, The Contested Country. Yugoslav Unity and Communist Revolution, 1919-1953, Harvard University Press, 1991. 3. The Cominform, Minutes of the Three Conferences, 1947/1948/ 1949. Edited by Giuliano Procacci, Co-editors Grant Adibekov, Anna di Biaggio, Leonid Gibianskii, Francesca Gori, Silvio Pons, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1994. G.M. Adibekov, Kominformi poslevoennaia Evropa, Moscova, Rossiia Molodaia, 1994. 4. Gazdag Gyula, Képes könyv 1968-1979 (Carte ilustrată), Pécs, Jelenkor Kiadö (Ars Longa), 1994. 5. Adriana Georgescu, La început a fost sfârșitul. Dictatura roșie la București, Prefață de M. Lovinescu, Editura Humanitas, București, 1992. 6. Ion loanid, închisoarea noastră cea de toate zilele, I voi. 3(1956-1959), • Editura Albatros, București, 1992. 7. Ion Pantazi, Am trecut prin iad, Ediția a ll-a, Cuvânt înainte de I. Pantazi, Editura Constant, Sibiu, 1992. 8. Mihai Rădulescu, Sânge pe' Râul Doamnei. Până când atâta suferință?, Editura Ramida, București, 1992. 9. Dina Balș, Drumuri pustiite, Memorii, Editura Cartea Românească, București, 1993. 10. Gheorghe Bâgu. Mărturisiri din întuneric, Cuvânt’ înainte de Gh. Bâgu, Editura Tehnică, București, 1993. 11. Ion Cârja, Canalul morții,Cuvânt despre autor de Victor Grigorescu, Cuvânt înainte de I. Cârja, Editura I Cartea Românească, București, 1993. 12. Lena Constante, EvadareaK imposibilă. Penitenciarul i politic de femei Miercurea Ciuc 1957-1961, Prefață de L. Constante, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 1993. 13. Nicholas Dima, Călătorie spre libertate. întâlnire cu destinul, Traducere de Constantin Sfeatcu, Cuvânt i înainte de David B. Funderburk, Selous Foundation Press, Washington D.C., 1987, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 1993. 14. Emil Manu, Infernurile noastre. Jurnal de detenție, Editura Crater, București, 1993.

Ingerințe politice în viața universitară românească 1944-1964

Author(s): Dănuț Doboș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1994

The study presents a part of the conclusions of the doctoral thesis, entitled The University of Jassy in the First Decades after the World War If defended in 1994 at the Faculty of History, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University in Jassy. The author proposes a new perspective on the Romanian higher education institutions, presenting the modalities whereby, in the 1944-1964 period, higher education came under the total control of the Communist party and the implications deriving thereof. The author’s interest is to reconsider the main trends of the Romanian academic life during the transition period before the establishment of the Communist dictatorship.

Marturii

Author(s): loan Băiceanu,Anghel Cojocaru,Claudiu Tanasiciuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1994

Testimonies of: 1. Ioan Băiceanu, The Last Battlefor Crimea 2. Anghel Cojocaru, Across Soviet Camps 3. Claudiu Tanasiciuc, Sentenced for an Indeterminate Duration

Colectivizarea agriculturii - Modelul sovietic: Ridicarea necontenită a nivelului de trai

Author(s): Claudiu Degeratu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/1994

The pictures presented here come from the rich propaganda material the communist press used to popularize the Soviet kolkhoz in Romania in 1949-1953. The photographies are republished with their original commentary and source. The selective bibliography on topic suggests a typology of the visual means. The set of pictures and commentaries might by useful for specialists interested in the history of Soviet kolkhoz in Romania

De l'autocratie au totalitarisme Bessarabie - actions de dépeuplement et de denationalisation

Author(s): Radu Ciuceanu / Language(s): French Issue: 1/1993

The study presents a summary of the history of population in two Romanian provinces, Bukovina and Bessarabia, under the Russian domination, 1812-1918; under the Bolshevik rule between 1939-1941 and after the second World War. The denationalization and Russification initiated by the Tsarist administration reached the climax during the Bolshevik period.

Regimul de exterminare la Aiud: înfometarea

Author(s): Nae Tudorică,loan Gh. Mitucă,Constantin Cesianu,Teohar Mihadaș,Nistor Chioreanu,Constantin Lățea,Ion Ioanid,Ion M. Ionescu,Nicholas Dima / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1993

The authors are former political prisoners. Covering the period 1949-1956, the testimonies describe the daily food in Aiud, one ofthe extermination centres set up by the Communist regime. The prisoners' weight decreased to 19 pounds in less than four months. The estimated daily nutritive value did not exceed 1000 calories.

Dictionar biografic

Author(s): Cristian Troncota / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1993

Daniel Ciugureanu, (1885-1950) Daniel Ciugureanu organized important actions of the Moldavian National Party, the main political force in Bessarabia under Russian occupation. He was member of the Romanian government, 1918-1919. Exterminated by the Communist regime in 1950 in the Sighet prison. Gheorghe Cristescu, (1882-1973) Florian Tănăsescu is a researcher at the Centre of Sociology, University of Bucharest. Gheorghe Cristescu was a Left leader in Romania, 1905-1938. Participant at the foundation of the Communist Party, 1921; secretary general of the Romanian Communist Party, 1922-1924; excluded from the party, 1923. He protested against the anti-Romanian politics promoted by the Communist Internationale. He was arrested by the Communist authorities in 1950. Ion Vatamaniuc, (1903-1992) Ion Vatamaniuc belonged to the partisan movement which fought against the Soviet troops in Bukovina, after the invasion of Romania in March 1944. He was captured by N.K.V.D. At the end of a brutal interrogation in Hungary, he was shot in the neck. Nevertheless, he survived and came back to Romania where he was arrested again by the Communist authorities. In 1953 he was sentenced to eight years and in 1956 to seven years' imprisonment

Tiltovo doba u aktuelnim bh. čitankam

Author(s): Nenad Veličković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2012

On the basis of three teaching units dealing with texts written by authors who participated in the World War II (on the Yugoslav Partisan side) I am trying to answer the following questions: in what way does the current education system, as compared to the previous one, treat the facts connected with their opus? Are these facts being used in the process of indoctrination? What TILTs are used in the above-mentioned process?

Polish Jews in the Soviet Union (1939–1959). History and Memory of Deportation, Exile, and Survival. Hrsg. von Katharina Friedla und Markus Nesselrodt

Author(s): Klaus-Peter Friedrich / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Polish Jews in the Soviet Union (1939–1959). History and Memory of Deportation, Exile, and Survival. Hrsg. von Katharina Friedla und Markus Nesselrodt. Academic Studies Press. Boston 2021. XXIX, 319 S. ISBN 978-1-64469-749-8. ($ 139,–.)

НЕКОИ ПРАШАЊА ОКОЛУ ИСПРАЌАЊЕТО И ГРИЖАТА ЗА УЧИТЕЛИТЕ ОД НАРОДНА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА НА РАБОТА ВО ПИРИНСКИОТ ДЕЛ НА МАКЕДОНИЈА ВО УЧЕБНАТА 1947/1948 ГОДИНА

Author(s): Evgenij Litovski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1-2/2022

After the Bled agreements between Josip Broz Tito and Georgi Dimitrov, the cultural autonomy for the Macedonians in Pirin Macedonia began. This meant that Macedonians were allowed to study Macedonian literary language in the schools in Bulgaria. But as there was much opposition to this from Bulgaria, long negotiations between the two sides took place. Because of that, the Ministry of Education in the People’s Republic of Macedonia started to hire teachers and send them in Pirin Macedonia to work in the schools there. There were also negotiations about some problems between Central Committee of Communist Party of Macedonia and the Ministry of Education of Bulgaria. The negotiations were fruitful and the teachers started their job. Also, when the teachers were in Pirin Macedonia, every problem they had was solved with the help of the Ministry of Education of PRM.

Статуквото: антифашизъм/ фашизъм – случаят „Радко“ в БЮРМ, 2000/2016 г.

Author(s): Dimitrina Naneva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Five European documents of different institutions (1996–2009), describe the transition’s rules in East- and Central Europe after 1989. Nevertheless R Macedonia (1992) continues to exist in the “antifascism-status-quo” shadow; its core is the ideology of Macedonism, i.e. the Serbiancommunist idea that the local population is by Slav-birth and is not a part of the Bulgarian nation. The “antifacism status-quo” is a creation of the Comintern (1919); its Balkans section adopts a resolution (1934) for the “Macedonian nation” invention; in September 1944 it is “built” a “Macedonian language”. So the Comintern internationalism ideology backs the Slav-Serbian position of the non-Bulgarian origin of the native-born population in Vardar Macedonia in practice. The undersigned Anticomintern pact (1936) between Germany and Italie ideologically traces the forthcoming war conflict. During the war (1941–1944) Bulgaria fulfils only administrative governance duties in Vardar Macedonia. At the end of 1944 under the Jugoslav communist party pressure (Comintern party member too!), it is enacted a special law (in a “Democratic Macedonia” – 1945!): the so-called “Macedonian national honour injury” law; the Bulgarians and the Albanians are proclaimed to be “fascist ocuppiers” of Vardar Macedonia.”Radko” is the one of the pseudonims of the last VMRO leader –Ivan Michailov and it is a NGO. It is founded in 2001 in Ohrid. Its aim is “to protect the Bulgarian national identity of the local population”. During 16 years and under the pretence of different judicial causes of Macedonian court at the different levels it is not registrated legally in R Macedonia. After three consecutive appeals by the “Radko” NGO to the European court of human rights in Strasbourg it is registrated finally on 6.October 2016 in R Macedonia.

L’insospettata prossimità della memoria storica: Descarriadas (2018) di Laila Ripoll

Author(s): Veronica Orazi / Language(s): Italian Issue: 44/2023

Descarriadas is a monologue about an atrocious legacy of Francoism: the internment in the centres of the Patronato de Protección a la Mujer (1941-1984) of girls considered descarriadas, that is, stragglers. To end up in these reformatories, it was enough to deviate even slightly from the morals imposed by the regime and to be reported by supervisors in charge of this type of control. Among the shocking aspects of the story, the continuation of this practice and the existence of the centres until the mid-1980s stands out. Over a period of forty years, this phenomenon involved thousands of girls: another example of a silenced intra-history that the play transforms into a cry, giving voice to the victims.

Prilog za biografiju vođe muslimanske milicije u Sandžaku Sulejmana Pačariza (1895.-1945?)

Author(s): Željko Karaula / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 91-92/2023

U radu se na osnovu arhivskih izvora (Državni arhiv Crne Gore, Hrvatski državni arhiv, Arhiv Jugoslavije, Vojni arhiv Srbije, različite privatne ostavštine i rukopisi) i literature te tiskovina pokušava rekonstruirati biografi ja vođe muslimanske milicije Sulejmana Pačariza, uglavnom za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata, iako je radom obuhvaćen cijeli njegov život. Rad u suštini promatra odnosno opisuje složene događaje i vojno-političke procese u regiji Sandžaka tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata s težištem na djelovanje Pačariza i njegove milicije. Kompleksnost mnogostrukih aktera događaja (Italija, Njemačka, četnički pokret, ustaška NDH, muslimanski faktor) s različitim interesima na tadašnjoj vojno-političkoj sceni Sandžaka u ratno vrijeme te nedostatak primarnih izvora u dobrom dijelu onemogućuju da se njegova biografija i djelovanje kao i djelovanje njegove muslimanske milicije kojoj je bio na čelu postave u pravom historiografskom smislu. Ipak, i ovi historiografski izvori koji su nam bili dostupni su nam omogućili da te događaje pa i ličnost Pačariza i pripadnika njegove milicije djelomično rekonstruiramo te tako pružimo pogled i na to dramatično i traumatično razdoblje prošlosti Sandžaka.

Agoronimy i hodonimy jako wyraz ideologii, kultury i propagandy w okupowanej Polsce podczas II wojny oewiatowej

Author(s): Piotr Owsiński / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of the trends in the changing of the names for streets and squares of a selection of towns and villages in the Busko County during the Second World War. The examples are sorted because of the function of the name: the hodonyms, which show a direction, the hodonyms with the lokalization function, the possessive hodonyms, the hodonyms with describing function, the names of streets, which remind about the important people or events. Despite of it is drawn the attention to the tendencies of the naems’ giving in each place.