Към историята на Българското тайно революционно братство в Турция (1897 – 1899)

Author(s): Todor Radev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The study addresses specific problems related to the establishment, the development and the cessation of the Bulgarian secret revolutionary fraternity in Turkey. Special attention is paid to existing hypotheses that the Thessaloniki-based organization is a conspiracy concept of the Bulgarian Exarchate, the Bulgarian trade agent Atanas Shopov or the Sofia Supreme Macedonian Committee. However, these hypotheses are not supported by evidence in the historical sources. The version suggested here puts forward the well-grounded position that the birth of the Secret Fraternity is an initiative of teachers at the Bulgarian Male High School in Thessaloniki, who decided to oppose to the propaganda of the Internal Macedonian-Edirne Revolutionary Organization that was continuously deteriorating the school discipline among the students. New historical sources for this unsuccessful irredentist project are presented and analyzed accordingly.

София в жизни профессора Марина Дринова

Author(s): Ljudmila Gorina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article traces the multifaceted activity of prof. M. Drinov as a public figure and scientist to legitimize Sofia as the capital of Bulgaria. The emphasis is on revealing the sound scientific justification of Drinov’s idea. “The Sofia line” in his writings is traced in all his works where he argues that it is Sofia that is the geographical, historical, spiritual, cultural and social center of Bulgaria.

Неизвестни връзки на Марин Дринов с просветните борби на българите от Вардарска Македония (70-те години на XIX век)

Author(s): Elena Hadzhinikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

Marin Drinov took an interest in the educational movement of the Bulgarians in Vardar Macedonia in 1876. Then he published folk songs, created in the region of Debar. Drinov took up this position because he wanted to study the folklore of the Bulgarians in Macedonia. On the other hand he used this to fight against the falsification of the Bulgarian language in Serbia. Drinov collected the songs at Galichnik – the village where archimandrite Partenie Zografski was born. This Bulgarian cleric took part in the church movement in Macedonia. Archimandrite Partenie also studied the Bulgarian Macedonian dialect. He supported the existence of this dialect. On the other hand Drinov chose Galichnik because this region attracted Russia’s attention on the Bulgarian Church Question in Macedonia. In conclusion one may say that Drinov also wanted to make a study of the Bulgarian Macedonian dialect. Thus he defended the Bulgarian church educational movement in Vardar Macedonia.

Професор Марин Дринов и колекцията от славянски ръкописи на Българската национална библиотека

Author(s): Elena Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article represents some of the most famous Slavic manuscripts from the collection of the National Library “St. st. Cyril and Methodius”, received in the early twentieth century, acquired from the archive and the personal library of Professor Marin Drinov, leading Bulgarian scientist researching Bulgarian and South Slavic literature, history and culture and one of the leading lecturers in Kharkov University in Bulgarian history and literature. The author also briefly discusses some of M. Drinov’s papers related to various historical and philological projects on original texts of old Bulgarian literature as well as some written by famous Byzantine writers.

„Дигитален архив Марин Дринов“ – резултати и перспективи

Author(s): Tsvetana Velichkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

One of the first projects of the Science Archive at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is the “Digital Archive Marin Drinov” (http://www.math.bas.bg/digi/drinov/archiv.html). It was realized in cooperation with the department of Applied Information Technologies in the Humanities at the Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The project began back in 2006 with the scanning of 24 archival units (176 facsimiles of manuscripts, 14 printings and 15 black and white photos) from fond № 104K of the Science Archive. It is worth mentioning that the digitalization of a personal archival fond is the first of its kind in Bulgaria with respect to the technological, methodological, and classification merits of the digitalized information. The future plans of the team that undertook this project are closely related to the systematic updating of published information, in terms of quantity and thematic content, with documents reflecting the life and work of M. Drinov which are kept in the fonds of the Science Archive. This project is still viable in 2014, a year marking the 145th anniversary of the Bulgarian Literary Society (now the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.)

Дарителят Козма Тричков

Author(s): Antoaneta Kirilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

The article examines the will (1867) of the Bulgarian donor Kozma Trichkov, who was born in Vratsa, but capitalized on business in the Danubian principalities in the first half and the middle of the nineteenth century. Based on extensive documentary material the author traces in detail all actions of the Bulgarian Band of Virtues in the implementation of the will notably in that part which concerns public affairs and initiatives – enlightenment and social charity. The author finds the young people who studied in local and foreign educational institutions with financial support from K. Trichkov’s donations. She traces the movement of money – interest from capital and real estate intended for maintenance of Vratsa schools. A. Kirilova also pays special attention to the changes that occurred in the work on the implementation of the will after the restoration of the Bulgarian state (1878) and especially after the death of E. Georgiev (1897) and the dissolution of the Band of Virtues (1901), when the powers on the implementation of the donor’s will were gradually transmitted from the Band into the hands of state institutions.

Македонска Голгота. Спомени и изповеди от Ениджевардарско. С., Тангра ТанНакРа–ИК, 2009. 751 с.

Author(s): Divna Gotseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

Book review

Създаване и запазване на колективната памет за военни конфликти в османската погранична периферия: битките на Михай Витязул с Османската империя по време на войната със Свещената лига (1593–1606)

Author(s): Stefka Parveva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2015

This study focuses on some aspects of the ways and mechanisms for preserving the memory of traumatic events during military conflicts among the subjects of the Sultan. These aspects have to do with the functioning of the Ottoman bureaucratic, judicial and military institutions on local and central level, and communication with the local population. For this purpose, the study analyzes the case with the citizens of Silistra and their conduct, as well as that of the Ottoman authorities, during and after the war with the Holy League in 1593–1606 and the late 17th century. The analysis of the sources reveals that the process of preserving and passing on the information involved functionaries from all levels of the Ottoman hierarchy and that various bureaucratic practices were applied related to the registration and taxation of the population, and to the creation of formal and informal archival collections. There were several ways of preserving and passing on of the memory: by means of written communication among the institutions (through document flow toward the centre and back to the provinces); by oral communication between the representatives of the authorities and taxpayers in the kadı court, and discussions among the members of the community and its elders who attended the court sittings. Written evidence of the war events, or more specifically, of the feelings that overwhelmed the people and the disturbing thoughts that haunted them in those troubled times was left by a number of literate Bulgarians in marginal notes on pages of liturgical books and even on church walls. These short notes testify that the clash between the warring armies did not bring any hope to the Christians, but only fear in their souls and awareness of the trouble that had befallen them in those “severe and turbulent times”. Finally, the folklore also provides information about the war, transforming in a specific way the memory of events and people, people’s attitude towards the afflictions that befell on them. The analyzed sources show that the memory which the Bulgarians have preserved and transmitted to next generations is charged with predominantly negative assessment of the traumatic events during the war and of Michael Viteazul’s image. It seems that the scope of the devastation and the suffering caused by the Wallachian armies to the Christian population were a stronger factor in the process of constructing the collective memory of the events than the war victories of the Voivode over the Ottoman ruler in the lands south of the Danube. That is why the themes of killing, enslavement and displacement of the population as well as the motif of the unforgivable sin of Voivode Michael stand out in the Ottoman documents, in the marginal notes, and the folk songs.

Габор Деметер. Балканите и Османската империя. Том І. Обществени и икономически преобразования от края на ХVІІІ до средата на ХХ век. Обща част и България. Будапеща, 2014. 767 с.

Author(s): Penka Peykovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2015

Book review

Найден Геров и Драган Цанков в лабиринтите на въпроса: Българската уния

Author(s): Antoaneta Kirilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2015

Based on known and newly found documents the author traces the specific actions taken by the Russian diplomacy to abolish the Bulgarian Union in the middle of the 19th century. The main role in this task was assigned to the Russian consular agent in Plovdiv Nayden Gerov. The article highlights the activity of N. Gerov and D. Tsankov and presents their opinions on how to solve the Bulgarian Church Issue showing clearly the difference in the positions of the two prominent figures of the Bulgarian national movement. One of them was a Russian diplomat who was obliged under his official position to follow Russia’s policy towards the Bulgarian-Greek religious strife, which coincided with his personal beliefs to solve the Issue within the traditional Bulgarian Eastern Orthodox. The other was a Bulgarian journalist, politician and public figure offering to Bulgarians a union with the Roman Catholic Church as the way out of the tangled religious issue. The author tries to give a reasoned answer to the question which is a major focus of this article: What did the Bulgarian union achieve for the national movement in the mid-19th century and in this sense – was it its well thought out, far-sighted and politically justified „alternative“?

Нови документи за големия род Пулиеви

Author(s): Rositsa Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3-4/2015

The aim of the report is to inform the scientific community about a new, previously unknown and very interesting collection of documents chronologically and thematically related to the recent history of Bulgaria. The archive was created by Todor Hristov Puliev (1837-1913), a successor to and representative of the great Pulievs’ family from Karlovo. After his death the documents were kept by the family of a politician well known in the past Theodor Theodorov, whose granddaughter Nadezhda Teodorova donated the archive to the archive collection of BHA. The report consists of two parts – the author’s text and 13 documents. In the first part the author provides biographical information about Todor Hr. Puliev, presents his donations and the kinship ties of the Pulievs. Then she makes a review of the documents arranging them by type, origin and content. The archive is a treasure trove for researchers of the post-liberation history. Thematically it contains a wealth of data testifying to persons and events, problems of everyday life, business, mentality and culture of the social stratum to which Todor Puliev belonged. This is evident from the documents selected for publication.

Караджа паша джамия в Гоце Делчев – историографски разказ и документални реалии

Author(s): Damian Borisov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

By comparing the historiographical narrative of Karadzha Pasha Mosque in Gotse Delchev and content of the documents on which it was built, this article raises several questions, the answers to which give cause for rethinking the facts.

Търговската модерност на Българското възраждане

Author(s): Margarita Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

Ottoman Gunpowder Factories (Baruthanes) in Bulgaria

Author(s): Lyubomir Mikov / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2015

The presented baruthanes give grounds for making the following important conclusions: First, almost all baruthanes were built in the 19th century as gunpowder stores or powder-kegs and have a specific architecture (an exception in this regard is the state factory in Razgrad for the production of refined saltpeter). Second, the spread of these baruthanes follows the policy of decentralization implemented by the Ottoman authorities in the establishment of baruthanes outside the Bulgarian lands. Third, the built baruthanes were most likely related to the securing of gunpowder for the Russian-Turkish wars in the nineteenth century.

La politique de la Bulgarie visant à stimuler le peuplement du pays et se reflétant dans la législation Bulgare après la libération (1879–1912)

Author(s): Mario Aleksandrov / Language(s): French Issue: 3-4/2015

The paper reveals the formation of the concept in Bulgaria’s laws in the period 1878–1912, related to the stimulating the settlements in the country. Starting with the Constitution, the author examines some basic laws connected with the implementation of this aim such as the Law on Population of Uninhabited Lands in Bulgaria (1880), the several versions of the Law of Acquisition of Bulgarian Citizenship as well as the legislation connected with the settling of the refugees. Particular groups of laws were targeted to different categories of population abroad with regard to attracting them to the Bulgarian Principality. For the realization of this policy the legislators set out mainly encouraging measures of economic and political nature, with the dominance of those of economic character. The main tendency in reflecting this political concept in the envisaged laws was to gradually expand the opportunities for attracting potential settlers to the country. Nevertheless, there was a marked inconsistency in the implementation of this trend by the government. This was mainly due to the lack of convenience among the ruling circles about the necessity of this type of policy and its enforcement through the existing legislation in the country at that time.

Pieśniowe interpretacje wybranych wierszy Paula Verlaine’a. Analiza porównawcza utworów Ireny Wieniawskiej oraz Gabriela Faurégo, Claude’a Debussy’ego i Maurice’a Ravela

Author(s): Anna Al-Araj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02 (33)/2017

The aim of this article is to interpret songs by Gabriel Fauré, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel and a less-known composer − Irena Wieniawska (1879−1932), based on the same poems by Paul Verlaine. In the first part of this paper, the relationships between Wieniawska, Fauré, Debussy, Ravel and Verlaine are subsequently described. Then, the author makes a comparison between selected songs by French composers and Madame Poldowski, indicating main similarities and differences. The final part consists of some remarks related to the fact that Wieniawska fulfills features of the French mélodie very strictly. This is why her songs seem to be more traditional, not so allusive and sophisticated as Debussy’s or Ravel’s vocal works

Дирята на възрожденците енциклопедисти от Сливенско в българския обществен живот, родната и европейската наука на XIX век

Author(s): Ivanka Deneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

Paying tribute to the individual personalities, interests and scientific focuses, the purpose of the study is to look for the unifying contacts between the spiritual giants Dr. Petar Beron (1799 – 1871), Dr. Ivan Seliminski (1799 – 1866) and Dr. Georgi Mirkovich (1826 – 1905) – using the “parallel approach” in the review and evaluation of their contributions to the Enlightenment, public and research areas for the benefit of the Fatherland and Sliven region and to European science of XIX century. The grounds for the selection of the topic are set out and the writers from the Bulgarian national revival are compared with their activities in time (considering the specific differences, quests and everyone’s activities) in their: – similarity of ideas and the type of activity in the public and scientific fields; belonging to the nearby “time period” of the formation of their character and work of altruistic nature; in the similar human field of the medics; in affinity for books and knowledge as higher values; in the state of mind and abilities of theoretical thinking and working in the field of Bulgarian and directions of European science of XIX century; in charitable activities to support the Bulgarian schools, community centers, hospitals and education of talented young people; and especially in “the synthesizing difference”: consistent dedication and sacrificial participation in the national liberation causes for gaining autonomy and political freedom of our country in the times of Ottoman rule.The study highlights the kinship goals and practical results in individual areas and their overall public activity, determined by:– higher education in universities of Europe; knowledge of Greek and Latin cultural heritage, political liberal views of the XVIII and XIX century and the achievements of Western “natural sciences”; the availability of personal cognitive and creative potential to become agents of change in the Bulgarian spiritual and social life – in unison with Renaissance European ideas of time by: radical reforms in Bulgarian schools and educational science (textbooks, organization and methods of the learning process) as well as building the foundations of health care (and Dr. G. Mirkovich laid the foundations of municipal management and finance); willingness to work hard, to sacrifice their health, money and life for public causes for independent ecclesiastical and national self-determination and cultural prosperity of the Bulgarians; the brilliance of scientific perspicacity and opportunities for “theoretical systematization” shown in the efforts to write and publish research works in Bulgarian and the main European languages, that presented their contribution to the scientific life by their will and dedication to the work of the scientist-researcher. The analysis of these areas justified in this work the thesis for their brightest track as prominent builders of “origins” in Bulgarian Revival and encyclopedists, who created independent and original research systems, concepts and intertwined their tracks in the spiritual revival of the Fatherland and the science of Europe from the middle XIX century.

А. Е. Викторов „Идеалист“ 40-х годов XIX века

Author(s): Tatiana Strokovskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5-6/2015

Aleksei Egorovich Viktorov deserves an honourable position in the circle of Russian bibliographers, archaeologists and Slavists in the second half of the 19th century. Like many of his contemporaries and colleagues of that time, called the “idealists of the 1840s”, he was alien to political passions and chose a field that satisfied his intellectual needs and civic feelings - reaching impressive success he gained authority in the scientific community as an archaeographer, a researcher and a connoisseur of the ancient-Russian written monuments. This article focuses on the activities of A. E. Viktorov in the manuscript department of the Moscow Public Museum and The Rumyantsevski Museum.

„Що нещо е църквата?“ или отново за формирането на конфесионалната идентичност

Author(s): Albena Hinkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2015

The article focuses on the problems of religious and national identity, as well as on the ways and means of their formation through periodic printing in the 1850s and 1860s. The analysis is influenced by Eric Erisson’s ideas of identity-building and typology proposed by Manuel Castells. The majority of the empirical textual material concerns issues of the struggle for an autocephalous Bulgarian church during the Revival, which implies a wider involvement of the problems and conceptual tools of theology and church history. The author uses the theoretical basis of literary history and the history of journalism. The conclusion is that the cultural attributes of confessional identity are based mostly on the idea of equality

Имиграционната политика в законодателството на следосвобожденска България

Author(s): Mario Aleksandrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2015

The aim of this research is building up a concept in Bulgarian legislation during the period of 1878–1912 concerning the immigration policy. The major conclusion of the analysis made is that during the researched period, the Bulgarian lawmakers still lack consistency in the implementation of this policy as a factor concerning the demographic development of the country.