Nieznany nagrobek gotycki w Elblągu

Author(s): Tadeusz Jurkowlaniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Tadeusz Jurkowlaniec, Unbekanntes gotisches Grabmal in Elbing (Zusammenfassung) Während der 2007 in der ehemaligen Stadtpfarrkirche und seit 1992 Kathedrale St. Nikolaus zu Elbing geführten Bauarbeiten zwecks Errichtung einer Gruft als Grablege der hiesigen Bischöfe wurde eine aus dem 14. Jahrhundert stammende, größtenteils gut erhaltene Grabplatte (216x191 cm) eines unbekannten Ehepaares wiedergefunden. Auf dem Grabmal wird die schmucklose, glatte Hauptfläche von folgender Inschrift eingefasst:anno • d(omi)ni • m◦ • ccc◦ • lxxiii◦ • fe(r)i/a • a-s-a(e)c(un)da • p(ost) • b-….. [-b ... ...] / [... ...] / [... ...] • elyzabeth • vxor • eiua-s-a • o(rate) • p(ro) c-// < eis >-c Ablesung: der Verfasser sowie Tomasz Płóciennika- -a „verkehrtes” ‘s’ b- -b nach Meinung von Tomasz Płóciennik kann dieser Abschnitt wie folgt gelesen werden: ‘Cinner(um) [’ (= ‘Cinerum’ geschrieben mit doppeltem ‘n’) oder ‘Anne • o[biit’. In beiden Fällen würde der Anfangsbuchstabe (‘C’ oder ‘A’) als Initial fungieren; vgl. Barbara TRELIŃSKA, Gotyckie pismo epigraficzne w Polsce, Lublin 1991, S. 29-30, 47 (Nr. 9), 63-67, 81 (Nr. 54).c- -c möglicherweise stand dieses Wort am gegenüberliegendem, rechten Rand der Platte, auf dem teilweise abgebrochenen Eck (sofern es sich bei dem oben am rechten Rand sichtbaren, eingeritzten Motiv um ein Fragment eines „verkehrten“ Buchstaben ‘s’ handelt).Im Jahre des Herren 1373 am Montag nach Aschermittwoch oder nach St. Annen Tag [verstarb] ..... [verstarb] Elisabeth, seine Ehefrau, betet für [sie]Aus der Inschrift ergibt sich, dass der Ehemann 1373, je nach Lesart entweder am Montag (feria secunda) oder am 7. März oder am 1. August verstarb. Der Name des Verstorbenen sowie das Sterbedatum seiner Ehefrau Elisabeth waren mutmaßlich auf dem nicht erhaltenen Teil der Grabplatte angebracht. Wo das verstorbene Ehepaar ursprünglich bestattet war ist nicht bekannt. Ebensowenig bekannt ist, wer das Grabmal in Auftrag gab und welche Werkstatt den Auftrag ausgeführt hat. Vermutlich wurde es vor Ort, in Elbing, aus gotländischem Kalkstein hergestellt, so wie die meisten Grabmäler im Deutschordensland Preußen. Die Grabplatte zerbrach in der Neuzeit, vor dem großen Brand der Kirche 1777. Aus dem Polnischen übertragen von Waldemar Moscicki

ELITELE MEDIEVALE ROMÂNEȘTI LA ELE ACASĂ.LOCUINŢA NOBILIARĂ ÎN SECOLELE XIV-XVI

Author(s): Cristian Nicolae Apetrei / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 19/2020

Using the statistical method, this paper identifies a type of medieval dwellings common to the social elites (princes, boyars, high clergy, and urban patricians) in the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia during the 14th to the 16th centuries. Built of wood, masonry or in a mixed system, the house combines a cellar partially raised above the ground level and a high ground floor, resulting in a structure with a tower-like appearance. Its origins can be traced back to medieval Hungary, whence it was brought and imposed by the Romanian and German elites who emigrated to Wallachia and Moldavia during the 14th century. The author considers that its adoption by the Romanian medieval elites resulted as a compromise between the elites’ need to assert their social prestige, the relatively low construction costs of this type of dwellings and the practical needs of everyday life.

The anonymous Parisian prologue to Averroes’ De substantia orbis from the end of the 13th century

Author(s): Łukasz Tomanek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article examines the anonymously preserved prologue to Averroes’ De substantia orbis dating to the end of the 13th century (manuscript Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 14246, ff. 16r–v, 19rb) and presents its edition. Along with commentaries by Fernand of Spain and Giles of Orléans (lost), this work is a rare witness of the still scarcely known commenting practice of Averroes’ work at the Faculty of Arts in Paris in this period. The codicological and paleographical examination conducted on the manuscript led to establishing the approximate dating and origin of the prologue. Additionally, the doctrinal analysis allowed us to place this opusculum within the context of other similar prologues and commentaries produced in this period. Of significant importance are similarities between the anonymous author and Fernand of Spain, whose prologue to his commentary on De substantia orbis provides an important context for the Anonymous Monacensis. Both works often employ the same examples and consider De substantia orbis the supplement to De caelo et mundo, which was an unusual addition to traditionally established divisio librorum naturalium.

Albán migrációs hullám a görög területeken a 14‒15. században

Author(s): Ádám Balogh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2021

Reflection of one episode of Georgian history in the 14th century Syrian chronicle – „History of Mar Yahbalaha and Bar Sauma“

Author(s): Gvantsa Evaniseli / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The Catholic Western world exhibited a heightened interest in establishing contact with unfamiliar populations following the emergence of the Mongols on the global stage. The Papal authority entertained aspirations of effecting the conversion of the Tatars to Catholic Christianity through the deployment of missionary endeavors. The Catholic Church embarked on a vigorous proselytization campaign within the Mongolian uluses. In pursuit of this objective, Georgia, distinguished by its amenable disposition toward Franciscan and Dominican missionaries, emerged as a strategically valuable foothold for this mission. Conversely, the Mongols made efforts to persuade the Papal authority of their earnestness, with the intention of forming an anti-Egyptian coalition. Following this goal, they dispatched envoys to Western regions, often including Christians, to engage in negotiations; among these envoys were the Nestorians, who had established themselves within the Tatar domain long before andpropagated the heretical beliefs censured in Western Europe. Rabban Sauma, a notable itinerant clergyman, was among those who embarked on a journey to the Western world in the years 1287-88. He attained such a distinguished accolade not solely due to his proficient mastery of the Latin language, but also by virtue of his sanctified actions. These included a life of asceticism, enduring numerous trials, and an ardent yearning to undertake a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Together with Rabban Sauma, his disciple, the future patriarch Yahbalaha III, also embarked on the most difficult path with the desire of repentance in about 1275-77. It was within the course of this expedition that the monks arrived in Georgia, where they were informed that, notwithstanding the benevolence of the Ilkhan Khan-Abaqa, they would encounter impediments preventing them from advancing further on their journey. A chronicle attributed to an anonymous author from the first half of the 14th century documents that the monks’ travel to Jerusalem was thwarted due to the presence of marauders and malefactors within the territory of Georgia. The apostasy of Samtskhe from the the Ilkhan rulers must have been a contributing factor in the situation. The resistance of Georgians must have been caused by the earthquake that happened on April 10, 1275. The latter, along with the rest of Georgia, especially affected Samtskhe. The substantial loss of life, widespread damage to infrastructure and edifices, coupled with the imposition of Mongol levies and military obligations, likely contributed analogous transformations within Georgia. This information brought into the scientific area and its analysis is of paramount importance, because the chronicler, in his accounts,primarily addresses the political ramifications of the earthquake and notes the departure of father and son-Sargis and Beka, from allegiance to the Ilkhan rulers. The excerpt from Syrian anonymous author’s chronicle, as sited in the article, serves to complement the chronicler’s narrative by shedding light on the pertinent social aspects of the earthquake consequences.

Veridicitatea datării cu anul 1395 a bisericii armene din Iași

Author(s): Arsen ARZUMANYAN / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XIV/2022

Discussions regarding the establishment date of the Armenian church in the Romanian city of Iași have been ongoing for a long time within Romanian and Romanian-Armenian scientific circles. There are numerous facts supporting the authenticity of the date 1395, which have been highlighted in red on the church՚s oldest inscription. These facts have not been thoroughly examined until now. The establishment of the Armenian church in Iași in 1395 is supported by the comparison of two inscriptions found in the church. These inscriptions reveal that in 1803, during the church՚s renovations, the renovators had access to more information about the church՚s construction in 1395 and its founders. Furthermore, references to Armenian churches in the Principality of Moldova (including Iași as an important city) can be found in the kontakions of 1379, 1388, 1398, and 1409, as well as in Prince Alexander the Kind՚s edict of 1401. Additional significant evidence includes the donations of the New Testament and Lectionary (Chashots) to the Armenian church of Iași in 1451 and 1460, along with a stone inscription from 1456 found within the church. The work of the Armenian historian M. Bjshkian in 1808, as well as the writings of renowned Romanian historians, hold particular importance in confirming the existence of the Armenian church in Iași during the 14th century and suggesting 1395 as a probable date for its construction.

Нумизматические находки на городище Кышкала (Республика Казахстан)

Author(s): Madiyar E. Eleuov,Pavel N. Petrov,Dokey A. Taleev,Arkhad A. Moldakhmet / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2023

The Kyshkala settlement is located 30 km south of the city of Kyzylorda, near the village of Kogalykol. The settlement is identified with the medieval city of Barchin. Systematic excavations were carried out at the settlement from 2018 to 2022. The structure of the cultural layer consists of 3 tiers. Numismatic finds include 33 coins (14 coins in situ, 19 coins as stray finds). The purpose of the study is to clarify the composition of the coin mass recorded during archaeological work at the Kyshkala settlement. We have established that the bulk of the coins belong to the issues of the last third of the 14th century; 45% of the coins were minted by the Barchin Mint. The youngest coins mark the last stage of the medieval city’s life by the end of the 780s A.H. / 1380s A.D., possibly the 790s A.H./ 1390s A.D.

Anonymous Oxonian Dubitationes on Aristotle’s De sensu et sensato (Prague, Metropolitan Chapter, Ms. M. 80, ff. 131vb–132vb)

Author(s): Monika Mansfeld / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The incomplete commentary on Aristotle’s De sensu et sensato found in Prague, Metropolitan Chapter, Ms. M. 80, ff. 131vb–132vb was composed around 1250 in Oxford. Its author, whose identity is yet to be discovered, drew heavily on the so-called Oxford Gloss and Robert Grosseteste. It must have been originally designed for teaching purposes, presumably at the Faculty of Arts. Its peculiar form — dubitationes — indicate a divergence from literal explanations of source texts, leading to a more independent formulation of research problems. For this reason, it emerges as an intermediary form between expositions and question-commentaries. These dubitationes are divided into two thematically distinct blocks beginning with short lemmas. First seven of them deal with the relationship between an organism viewed as a psychophysical unity and its various operations, such as sensations and emotions. The other block contains five short dubitationes on animal senses and a longer one on whether celestial bodies have colour. This neat composition is, however, interrupted by an independent note regarding the order of the powers of the soul following the first dubitatio in the second block.

The anonymous Parisian prologue to Averroes’ De substantia orbis from the end of the 13th centur

Author(s): Łukasz Tomanek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The article examines the anonymously preserved prologue to Averroes’ De substantia orbis dat- ing to the end of the 13th century (manuscript Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 14246, ff. 16r–v, 19rb) and presents its edition. Along with commentaries by Fernand of Spain and Giles of Orléans (lost), this work is a rare witness of the still scarcely known commenting practice of Averroes’ work at the Faculty of Arts in Paris in this period. The codicological and paleographical examination conducted on the manuscript led to establishing the approximate dating and origin of the prologue. Additionally, the doctrinal analysis allowed us to place this opusculum within the context of other similar prologues and commentaries produced in this period. Of significant importance are similarities between the anonymous author and Fernand of Spain, whose prologue to his commentary on De substantia orbis provides an important context for the Anonymous Monacensis. Both works often employ the same examples and consider De substantia orbis the supplement to De caelo et mundo, which was an unusual addi- tion to traditionally established divisio librorum naturalium.

Who Were the Slavs who Destroyed the Fortress on the River Trave in 1181? The Origins of the Imperial-Pomeranian Alliance in the Early 80s of the 12th Century

Author(s): Marek Smoliński / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

An analysis of the accounts of Arnold of Lübeck, Saxo Gramatik and German Annales, es- pecially those of Pegavian, allows us to formulate a hypothesis regarding the participation of Slavs in the battles between the Saxon-Bavarian prince Henry the Lion and Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1178–1181. Initially, due to their political dependence, Slavs, in- cluding Pomeranians, fought on the side of Henry the Lion. Their support was shaken by the political situation of the prince, in which Henry found himself in the second half of 1180. The Slavs (the Polabians, living in the former Wieleck territories and part of the Pomeranians) left Welf after the death of Casimir I of Pomerania in the autumn of 1180. After his death, the Pomeranian duke Boguslaw I, who inherited his brother’s lands, began negotiations with the imperial party. At stake was the recognition of the political position of the Pomeranian duke, who was to be exclusively an imperial fief. Saxo Gramatik claimed that Boguslav ob- tained the title of Duke of the Slavs from the Emperor. This titulature reconciled Danish and Brandenburg claims to rule over Slavic lands. The attack of the Slavic army on Travemünde in the summer of 1181 can be considered a testimony to the agreement reached. The greatest opportunity to do this was the Polabian (Vagrian) Slavs. The destruction of this castle made it possible for the Danish fleet to enter Trave, which headed for a camp near Lübeck. The fall of Travemünde made it possible to close Lübeck with a siege ring in the summer of 1181. At the Lübeck camp, Boguslaw I of Pomerania paid tribute to the emperor. In the Lübeck camp, Boguslaw I of Pomerania paid tribute to the emperor. The prince was probably not the only Slavic ruler who found himself in the Lübeck camp. Some researchers claimed that in addition to him, princeps Niklot appeared before the emperor. It is possible, however, that in addition to Boguslaw I of Pomerania, his eldest surviving adult son, Racibor, also appeared before the emperor.

АРХЕОЛОГІЧНІ ПАМ’ЯТКИ ЛЮБЕЧА

Author(s): Olena M. Veremeychyk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2023

The archaeological heritage of Liubech (Lyubech, Chernihiv region, Ukraine) includes various monuments and objects from the Bronze Age to early Modernity (2000 BC – 17th century) with small time gaps. Archaeological surveys in Liubech began in the late 19th century and have continued until today with certain interruptions. Despite the close attention paid by scholars to the archaeological monuments of Liubech, it should be noted that the area of the city within its administrative boundaries (both the floodplain part of the Dnieper River and the densely developed part of the town) has not been sufficiently studied.

A Proposal for the Identity of the Inner Asian City of Ornas (Hornach) Mentioned in Thirteenth-Century Latin Sources

Author(s): Stephen Pow / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Ornas (also Hornach) appears in the mentions of several Latin authors in the mid-thirteenth century as an important city deep in Asia that had been conquered by the Mongols. There have been several past suggestions by scholars for its identity; the scattered mentions of Ornas (Hornach) have been variously suggested to refer to Tana, Otrar, or Konye-Urgench. The present paper argues that these references, though confused on matters of geography since the Western European authors were writing about largely unknown regions that they did not personally visit, are typically references to the city of Konye-Urgench. The Latin authors’ descriptions of its fall to the Mongols unquestionably draw parallels with Middle Eastern, Rus’, Chinese, and Mongol accounts. This paper argues that the Latin references to Ornas’ proximity to a nearby sea are related to the Aral Sea which had southerly stretches very close to Konya-Urgench as is indicated, for instance from Russian survey maps of the nineteenth century. This identification allows us to place John of Plano Carpini’s description of the fall of Ornas within a larger, cohesive narrative which, though confused on points, offers insights on the fall of the Khwarazmian Empire in the early 1220s.

Nagy Lajos hadserege és hadszervezete. Hadvezetés, stratégia, fegyvernemek

Author(s): Attila Bárány / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2023

The article wishes to have an overview of the system of military organization in Hungary, in the reign of King Louis I (1342–1382). It is to give insight into the military machinery: obligation, logistics, reconnaissance, fortification warfare, the usage of terrain and weaponry. It examines formation, discipline and tactics as well as discusses branches: heavy cavalry, lightly armoured archers, and mainly foreign mercenary infantry. It has been widely held in historiography that a greatest innovation of the Angevins was the “banderial” army, that is, lords faithful to the new regime had a right now to lead their own, private contingents under their own family banners, banderium, the military unit being proposed as a novelty as well. Through the investigation of donation and prorogation charters, summonses, call-to-arms dispatches the organization of war can be seen clearer. Recent research has shown that it is not a novelty at all. The honor system, brought forward by the new dynasty meant a reform in the military organization: the territorial administration was based on military executive power assigned by the crown to “soldier barons”, on a temporary footing, particularly tied closely to its centres, castles. The banderium contingents were set up by holders of honores, obliged to mobilize any time all the arms-bearing men of the district. A campaign could have been led with forces of mixed composition: county noble troops, knights of the royal aula, light cavalrymen of privileged Cumans. For the eastern theatres of war, Louis mustered mass forces of lightly armed footmen and a variety of light cavalrymen from Vlachs to much more organized Székely horsemen. In certain cases they were supplemented with mainly paid royal household forces. The Nomadic-origin military personnel of the Cumans or Iasians were even employed in Western theatres of war. The Italian ventures were largely fought by regularly paid, semi-standing forces with a scrutinized budget and well-organized supply and even an in-field mobile treasury.

O nadaniu Prus landgrafowi Turyngii Ludwikowi IV w roku 1226

Author(s): Maciej Dorna / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article delves into the contentious issue surrounding the bestowal of Prussian lands upon Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, by Emperor Frederick II in June 1226. The author conducts a meticulous analysis of source accounts pertaining to this act of granting, challenging the opinion presented by some historians that the imperial donation was not Prussia but rather Pleissenland, a small territory east of Thuringia within the Reich. Addi- tionally, the article demonstrates that the bestowal of Prussia upon the Thuringian ruler did not conflict with the granting of Prussia to the Teutonic Order in March 1226, as indicated in the Golden Bull of Rimini by Emperor Frederick II Hohenstauf. The author presents arguments supporting the claim that the first version of the latter privilege, now preserved in two original copies undoubtedly issued much later than 1226, predated the grant to the landgrave by three months. Furthermore, the article explores the circumstances surround- ing the bestowal of Prussia upon the ruler of Thuringia by Emperor Frederick II, shedding light on the significance of this event in understanding the Teutonic Order’s initiatives in the Baltic region.

The Town of Gölnicbánya in the Árpád Era

Author(s): Péter Galambosi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

In this article, I describe the emergence and early development of Gölnicbánya (today Gelnica, Slovakia) from a settlement-historical and historical-geographical approach, mainly based on the diploma material of the Árpád and the early Angevin Eras concerning the settlement and its region. I examine the origin of the town in the context of the northern expansion of the royal forest-estate of Torna and the economical upgrading of Szepes, which dates to the beginning of the thirteenth century. I show how Gölnicbánya became the primary center of the county’s southern part in the second half of the thirteenth century thanks to mining and holding markets. I offer a detailed analysis of the provisions of the privilege charter from 1287, emphasizing that the border description covered a larger area far beyond the original extent of the settlement. I contend that although the charter refers the donations of two predecessor kings, the points set new provisions. Finally, I show how the economic importance of Gölnicbánya became apparent during the internal wars following the extinction of the Árpád dynasty and the consolidation that was underway in the early fourteenth century.

Silver and Spices in the Runtinger Trade with Prague

Author(s): Isabel Scheltens / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

In the late medieval period, a prominent trade route led from Prague through Regensburg to Venice. Silver mined in the Bohemian hinterland was traded for luxury items from the Near East. The Regensburg merchant house of Runtinger made vast profits by buying cloth and luxuries cheaply in Venice—in particular spices from India—and selling them in exchange for comparatively large quantities of silver in Prague. This study treats their ledger, Das Runtingerbuch (1383–1407), as a case study for an analysis of the Prague economy. The Runtingers sold the same types of spices and cloth in Regensburg and in Prague during the same span of years, which makes it possible to use their records as sources with which to compare the two markets. The Runtingers are shown to have market power in the Prague spice market but no market power in the Prague cloth market or the Regensburg markets. The reasons for these market differences are theorized in reference to the socioeconomic positions of the Regensburg and Bohemian elites. Luxury items were traded for silver or silver coins, constituting a continuous drain of silver from Bohemia towards Regensburg, which led to a degree of stagnation in the local economy in Bohemia.

Neočekivani pobjednik: uspon Karla Roberta do vlasti

Author(s): Mladen Ančić / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 7/2020

The author is analyzing the circumstances surrounding the planning, launching and carrying out the expedition intended to transfer Charles Robert from Southern Italy to Eastern Adriatic so that he could realize his inherited right to Crown of St. Stephen and the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia. Contrary to the conventional wisdom in historiography, the author advocates a thesis that the expedition was organized not to enable Charles to realize his claim, but to remove him from Naples where he, being the heir to the local throne, was a potential source of political disputes and conflicts. Analyzing the details of the expedition and the contemporaries’ views on it (as found in the preserved sources), the author finds arguments for such a viewpoint. He also analyzes the developments that, in the early 14th century, generated a whole new political situation that in turn created an opportunity for Charles Robert to actually realize his potential claim to the throne.

Scotus’s Analysis of the Structure of the Will in the Light of 14th-Century Philosophical and Theological Discussions

Author(s): Martyna Koszkało / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article addresses the issue of the two-level nature of acts of the will, i.e. its ability to voluntarily refer to its own acts. First, we will examine the ancient sources of the concept of the two-level will (Plato and Augustine). Then, we will focus on the views of John Duns Scotus on the types of acts of will, with particular emphasis on the concept of non velle and its application in philosophical and theological issues. Against the backdrop of Scotus’s concept, we will examine the ways in which 14th-century thinkers engaged with his position and developed his account of the two-level acts of will and types of acts of will. Finally, the article discusses a significant change in the function of non velle and the use of this type of volitional act in 14th-century ethics by exploring the views of Buridan and Kilvington.

Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej pt. „Słowiańszczyzna pomiędzy pogaństwem a chrześcijaństwem do początku XIII wieku. Konfrontacje archeologiczno-historyczne”, Poznań, 20–22 IX 2023 r.

Author(s): Jakub Wojtczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The Department of History at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, together with the Department of -.Department of Archaeology of the Adam Mickiewicz University and the De Republica Institute, organized an interna- tional scientific conference titled “A...scientific conference entitled. “Slavism between Paganism and Christianity to the beginning of the 13th century.Christianity to the beginning of the 13th century. Archaeological and historical confrontations”,which was held at the Collegium Historicum of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań on 20-22 IX2023 r. The scientific committee of the conference included the dean of the Faculty of HistoryUAM prof. dr. hab. Józef Dobosz, dean of the Faculty of Archaeology of UAM prof. dr. hab.Andrzej Michałowski, UAM prof. dr. hab. Marcin Danielewski, UAM prof. dr. hab.Marzena Matla, prof. UKW dr. hab. Dariusz Karczewski and MA Jacek Wrzesinski.In turn, the organizing committee consisted of Dr. Olga Antkowska-Gorączniak and Dr. MilenaTeska from the Faculty of Archaeology at UAM, Dr. Robert Tomczak from the Faculty of History at UAM,Dr. Kamil Wasilkiewicz from the Institute of European Culture at Gniezno UAM, and M.Sc.Paweł Sankiewicz of the Museum of the First Piasts of Lednica.

Cronica Aule regie. Die Königsaaler Chronik

Author(s): Martin Wihoda / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2024

Review of Cronica Aule regie. Die Königsaaler Chronik. Hrsg. von Anna Pumprová und Libor Jan unter Mitarb. von Robert Antonín, Demeter Malaťák, Libor Švanda und Zdeněk Žalu d. (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, Bd. 40.) Harrassowitz Verlag. Wiesbaden 2022. LXXIII, 592 S. ISBN 978-3-447-10755-6. (€ 180,–.)