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Silva Bereg. A Royal Forest in Medieval Hungary

Author(s): Pavol Hudáček / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2017

The author of this study is concerned with researching the Bereg royal estate, which formed part of the frontier regions of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. In the 11th century Bereg belonged to the great frontier county of Boržava, but formed an independent territory within it. A separate county organization under noble control was established in it only later. Its centre was a royal manor, where the kings of Hungary settled people of German origin in the first half of the 13th century. Its importance mainly lay in the fact that it was a dynastic property of the House of Arpád at least from the 11th century. It was a part of the Carpathian mountains dominated by forests. Members of the Arpád dynasty often went there to hunt. In Western Europe such properties were known as forestes and the prerogatives of the monarch prevailed there. It is very probable that forest properties of the dynasty including Bereg were also protected by special rights of the monarch in the Kingdom of Hungary. According to all the evidence, Bereg was a royal forest where members of the Arpád dynasty hunted, and it had an internal organization similar to that known from Western Europe.

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Postavenie dedinskej šľachty na Spiši

Author(s): Zuzana Kollárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2008

The article provides a list of members and a developmental description of the Máriássy nobility family in Spiš (Szepes, Zips), especially two of its branches that resided in Batizovce (Batiszfalva, Botsdorf) and Markušovce (Markusfalva, Marksdorf). The oldest family member Batyz, who founded Batizovce on territory given to him by royal donation, is mentioned in 1264. Other family members also acquired royal benefits for their military service. The majority of the family belonged to the Lutheran Church; Batizovce became the centre of Lutheran life in Spiš thanks to Máriássy patronage. Andreas Máriássy (1759 – 1846), who received the rank of major general and field marshal for his merits in the war against Napoleon, had the most significant military career. The representatives of later generations of this noble family engaged themselves in politics in addition to military service – field marshal Ioannis Máriássy became a member of the House of Magnates in the Hungarian Diet and was given the title of baron in 1888. The greater part of the family estates in Spiš were sold by the heirs in the first half of the 19th century and especially at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, including significant lands in the High Tatras (such as the Gerlach Peak and the mountain lake Batizovské pleso, amongst others). The author also provides information on the contemporary state of the family manors in Batizovce, as well as other material monuments (tombs, commemorative inscriptions and signs, ancestral archives).

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Hlohovec a rod Ilockých

Author(s): Mária Grófová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2008

This study deals with the development of the town of Hlohovec (Galgócz, Freystadl) and its position during the High Middle Ages. The author focuses on the significance and position of the town in the period from the 14th to 16th centuries, when it was administered by the Ilok (Újlaki, Iločki) family. She describes the relationship of the family to both the town and the Hungarian sovereigns and the impact of their policies on town development. In regards to this, it deals with the architectural monuments in Hlohovec that are linked to this period of prosperity of the town, as well as the heraldic monuments and connections.

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Hlohovecká vetva rodu Aba

Author(s): Zdenko Gálik / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2018

The aim of the study was to point to the importance of the Hlohovec branch of the Aba family. It owned and created not only the castle lordship of Hlohovec, but also Dobrá Voda or Branč. Therefore, it is important for knowledge of this region in the second half of the 13th and beginning of the 14th centuries. The study also devotes attention to the architectural monuments and archaeological finds of this period from Hlohovec. It describes the domain of the Aba family not only in the immediate surroundings of Hlohovec, but also in the Galanta district. It traces the fate of Hlohovec, closely connected with the Aba family in the period 1276–1316. Finally, it considers the property exchange between the Aba family and Abraham Rufus in 1297 and the granting of a second settlement to Abraham Rufus of Červeník in 1294 and his military achievements.

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Formy komunikácie politických elít v stredovekej strednej Európe (Uhorsko, Rakúsko, České krajiny, 1250 – 1350)

Author(s): Dušan Zupka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2018

The aim of this article is to give an account of the ritualized ways of communication of the ruling communities of the high and later Middle Ages in the Central European region. It focuses on the neighbouring realms of Bohemia, Hungary and Austria in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries (c. 1250 – c. 1350). It argues that the ruling communities were formed from diverse political groups, most prominently represented by the ruler and his entourage (dynasty, court) on the one hand and the elites (both lay and spiritual) on the other. The rule (lordship) over a particular realm was a mixture of co-operation, competition and compromise between these groups. Secondly, these political communities therefore felt the constant need for public representation of their status, rank and symbolic role within the society. Effective ways to express belonging to a political group included a range of symbols, gestures and specific rhetoric.

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Príspevok k založeniu uhorskej kaplnky v Aachene kráľom Ľudovítom I. (1360)

Author(s): Jaroslav Nemeš / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2019

King Louis I of Hungary founded the chapel in Aachen for Hungarian pilgrims, providing it with relics of Hungarian saints and liturgical equipment. The chapel in the Gothic style was added to the south side of the church. Maintenance and operation of the chapel, as well as supplies for two chaplains, were provided from the surrounding markets, and the land was acquired in cooperation with the Aachen town authorities. The chapel with its equipment and two chaplains was placed in the care of the town and canons in 1370. Pope George XI granted an annual indulgence to all who confessed and visited the chapel. Henry Abbot of Pilis abbot meritoriously contributed to the chapel foundation. His mission referred to negotiations and contractual provision of all relevant matters. The chapel had served its purpose for a few centuries when it burnt down in 1656. Later it was reconstructed in the Baroque style.

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Verní a neverní kráľovi

Author(s): Angelika Herucová,Pavol Hudáček / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2019

In the Middle Ages a good relationship between the ruler and his people was built on loyalty (fidelitas). Loyalty to the king was also very important for the political order and preservation of the power of the ruler as well as his people (magnates, mounted warriors, bishops, abbots and provosts). The oath of personal fidelity, devotion and loyalty was a part of the ritual in strengthening the relationship between the lord and his man. In Medieval Latin the words fides and fidelitas had originally a religious meaning – believer, a Christian, and Faith. Later these words had begun to refer to the relationship between people, e.g. between the king and his faithful supporters who swore to him fidelity, devotion, reliability, and loyalty. Medieval intellectuals commented on fidelity, oaths, and infidelity as well. In their works they were mainly concerned with affection, love, friendship, morality, loyalty in the relationship between the lord and his people, which resulted in fidelity (forma fidelitatis). The people loyal to the king should not act against their lord’s interests, nor should they hurt him. They have received property, social promotion or exemption from previous service for their loyalty, tireless and devoted services. The examples from the Hungarian Kingdom provided in the study, coming from diplomatic as well as narrative sources, show the importance assigned to fidelity by the kings and by the scribes authoring the chronicles. They viewed it as the basis of the royal and main building block of a functional realm to rule in.

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Veshjet shqiptare në shekujt XIV- XV: Reflektim etnografik

Author(s): Afërdita Onuzi / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2019

In this paper, attempts are being made to present the fashion and dressing of different social stratums in XIV-XV century and to classify the various typologies during this period. For the first time, has been taken into consideration the myth of mourning found in various parts of the traditional costume. Based on written sources, the engravings of foreing travelers, as well as the older generation of Albanian photographers, we argue that the male felt pant (tirqe) came into use in the second half of the XX century.

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The Cultural Position and Stratification of the Bohemo-Moravian Nobility from 12th and 13th Century Provincial Law Sources

Author(s): Dalibor Janiš / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The study is dedicated to the beginnings and development of the Bohemo-Moravian nobility, the role of the elites and specific terminology used in preserved sources like chronicles and other documents. The greatest attention is paid to legal sources, especially a set of provisions in early provincial law called the Statutes of Conrad Otto from the first half of the 13th century. This work contains important information on the possible stratification of the Bohemo-Moravian nobility as well as their role in the offices and the provincial judiciary. The 13th century brought a great transformation of the nobility class, especially the formation of noble dominions following colonisation, which was also reflected in the terminology.

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“devota creatura vestra guillelmus” Hungarian benefice of cardinal William of Rome (1342–1374)

Author(s): Vladimír Rábik / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In the 14th century, the Kingdom of Hungary, under the reign of KingLouis I, entered the political map of Europe in a significant way, whichwas also reflected in its greater openness to foreigners, providing themwith new opportunities for the fulfilment of their ambitions. One suchfigure was the Roman Cardinal William de la Jugée (with the title ofCardinal Deacon of Sancta Maria in Cosmedin), who was the nephew ofthe Avignon Pope Clement VI.The present study, based on research in the Vatican Apostolic Archives,thus analyses the action and influence of Cardinal William on the changesin the ecclesiastical administration and its staffing in the dioceses ofHungary, documenting one of the earliest cases of the commendation ofecclesiastical offices in our territory and their historical and social context.

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Ligia Boldea, Nobili și demnitari ai Banatului montan medieval și premodern. Studii istorice

Author(s): Sorin Ovidiu Bulboacă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXIX/2024

Book review. Ligia Boldea, Nobili și demnitari ai Banatului montan medieval și premodern. Studii istorice.

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Filial Quarter: a look from medieval Slavonia

Author(s): Antun Nekić / Language(s): English Issue: 66/2024

The paper explores the phenomenon of the filial quarter, a specific form of female inheritance practiced among the nobility of the Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia, by focusing on medieval Slavonia as a case study. Starting from some general observations on the filial quarter, the paper subsequently delves into a more systematic analysis of the Slavonian material. It elucidates the mechanism through which the filial quarter spread to Slavonia in the 13th century, how it became an institutionalized custom in the 14th century and examines the different practices of the filial quarter being given either in land or as monetary payment.

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Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru

Author(s): Iva Mihekovec / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 66/2024

Review of: Radovi Zavoda za povijesne znanosti HAZU u Zadru, sv. 65 (2023), 435 stranica

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Međunarodna znanstvena konferencija Medieval Rural Spaces (Zagreb, 16. – 17. listopada 2024.)

Author(s): Marija Lendarić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 67/2024

Međunarodna znanstvena konferencija Medieval Rural Spaces (Srednjovjekovni ruralni prostor / Srednjeveški ruralni prostor) održana je 16. listopada 2024. u prostorijama Hrvatskoga katoličkog sveučilišta i 17. listopada u Ozlju i Dubovcu. Organizirao ju je Odjel za povijest Hrvatskoga katoličkog sveučilišta u suradnji s Povijesnim institutom „Milko Kos” Znanstveno-istraživačkoga centra Slovenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti (Zgodovinski inštitut „Milko Kos” Znanstvenoraziskovalnog centra Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti) u sklopu projekta Topografija srednjovjekovne Zagrebačke županije (14. – 16. stoljeće), koji financira Hrvatska zaklada za znanost. Na konferenciji je sudjelovalo 17 znanstvenika iz Europe i svijeta s ciljem prikazivanja metodološkoga razvoja i dosega u ruralnoj historiografiji, kao i budućih razvojnih kretanja. Ideja konferencije bila je i povezivanje povjesničara jugoistočne (centralne) Europe s inozemnim znanstvenicima kao poticaj za buduće suradnje u polju ruralne povijesti. Prvi dan skupa bio je podijeljen u četiri sekcije s uvodnim predavanjem, a drugoga dana za sudionike skupa organiziran je posjet Ozlju i Dubovcu, gdje su predstavljene metode i dosadašnji rezultati istraživanja na spomenutom projektu.

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Du tribut à l’impôt. Un héritage de l’époque mongole dans le système fiscal de la Moldavie médiévale

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Du tribut à l’impôt. Un héritage de l’époque mongole dans le système fiscal de la Moldavie médiévale

Author(s): Andrei Mirea / Language(s): French Issue: XLII/2024

The article addresses the origins of the most important tax levied by the Moldavian voivodes during the Middle Ages. This particular tax, named dan’ in the fifteenth-century Slavonic diplomas written by the princely chancellery of Moldavia, has most probably its roots in the tribute that the inhabitants east of the Carpathians paid to the Mongol conquerors from the middle of the thirteenth century onwards. Two centuries later, besides its newer meaning of tax charged on one‘s subjects, the Slavonic term dan’ still retains its old meaning of tribute imposed by a foreign power, as attested both by a document from 1456 describing the acceptance of Moldavia‘s submission to the Ottoman Empire, and by a series of diplomas issued on behalf of the Podolian rulers in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries. It is widely known that the term dan’ is generally utilized in late medieval Slavonic sources of Eastern Europe to denote the tribute paid to the Mongols. The author calls attention to a phenomenon labelled ―fiscal substitution‖ that has taken place since the fourteenth century almost everywhere in Eastern Europe, providing significant fiscal benefits to the local administrations, to the detriment of the Mongols. This ―fiscal substitution‖ consists of revenues taken over by the indigenous governance from its own subjects through the medium of the fiscal structures set up by the Mongols a century earlier. After the downfall of the Golden Horde, the already traditional collection of the Mongol tribute continued successfully in various regions as a regular tax paid by subjects in favour of the local lordships. As far as Moldavia is concerned, the long Mongol domination had two main consequences: on the one hand, it favoured the strengthening of its ties with the Slavic regions of Eastern Europe, all placed under the same political hegemony of the Golden Horde, and on the other hand, it allowed the formation of several political and fiscal structures appropriated subsequently by the Moldavian voivodes.

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Vârfuri de săgeată din perioada medievală descoperite în zona oraşului Bârlad

Author(s): Adrian-Ionuţ Gîlea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2024

The present article aims to present 6 arrowheads accidentally found in the area of the town of Bârlad, Vaslui County. In the absence of a clear archaeological context, their dating cannot be precisely given, but I offer both a chronological and geographic reference point and a description of every piece to support next research, on the basis of analogies with other similar findings in different European or Asian countries.

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Ioan‑Aurel Pop, The Hunyadis: a European Family, Editura coala Ardeleană, Cluj-Napoca, 2020, 428 pag. + 44 de ilustraţii

Author(s): Marian Horvat / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2024

Book review. The structure of the book is well balanced, having a Foreword, a Note on the book, eight chapters, a bibliography, an index, and 44 colour illustrations. The chapters are called: The Middle Ages among the Romanians, At the Beginnings of the Hunyadis, Iancu’s Family, Iancu’s Legacy, Matia’s Wars, Matia and the Romanians, Matia’s Legacies, and The Hunyadis and Us. Almost all of them were originally articles, studies, and essays, having been published separately. This is not a monograph, but a series of thorough and complex investigations. The style is accessible, engaging and compelling. The author’s literary talent is obvious.

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THE CONTRIBUTION OF JAGIĆ S EDITION OF THE SVETO STEFANSKI HRISOVULJ TO THE STUDY OF PROSODIC PHENOMENA IN 13TH-14TH CENTURY MSS WRITTEN IN "RAŠKI" ORTHOGRAPHY

Author(s): Catherine Mary MacRobert / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2024

Vatroslav Jagić’s edition of the Svetostefanski hrisovulj differs in two important respects from that published, also in 1890, by Ljubomir Kovačević: it includes the diacritics used in the manuscript, and it reproduces a page of text, as well as the colophons. Although Jagić had at his disposal limited typographical means to represent diacritics, and followed the practice of the time by introducing modern word divisions, it can be seen from his reproductions that the main scribe of the Svetostefanski hrisovulj employed a distinctive diacritic as a marker of vocalic length and divided his text into prosodic words by means of spacing. Given these clues, it is possible to infer from Jagić’s edition the distribution of diacritics in the manuscript and their implications for vocalic quantity, which he analysed in an article of 1891. More recently the publication of a photographic edition of the whole hrisovulj has not only confirmed Jagić’s findings, but also enabled analysis of the prosodic segmentation indicated in the manuscript. Parallels to the scribal practice of the Svetostefanski hrisovulj are adduced from other manuscripts of the early 14th century.

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Kob monaha Save: II dio

Author(s): Rusmir Mahmutćehajić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3/2024

In the study The Fate of the monk Sava, author investigates and presents modern uses of the works of Nomokanon by Rastislav, the third son of Prefect Nemanja. Although the Nomokanon was created in the first decades of the 13th century, its ideological uses are an essential part of Serbian hegemony. And more than that, in that work, anti-Muslimism was elevated to the level of a Christian principle. That is exactly why it was used in almost all programs to destroy Slavic and Albanian Muslims. The research task of investigating the genocidal ideology of anti-Bosnia, the essential content of the crime of genocide and its threats of repetition, is not feasible without taking into account all the contents of culture, politics and economy in their long duration, which are involved in the denial of Bosnia and its religiously plural people. Until now, there have been no accounts of that work in the academic aspects of ethnonational politics, which need both theological and political enemies. The epistemological framework of the study is the theological and philosophical aspects of the prophetic heritage and their modern interpretations for the purposes of ideological homogenization and related denial and destruction of religious plurality.

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DEVASTACIJA I NARUŠAVANJE AMBIJENTALNE CJELINE NEKROPOLE RADIMLJA

Author(s): Adis Zilić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 23/2024

The aim of the paper is to present the state of preservation and the degree of endangerment of one of the most famous medieval tombstone necropolises - Radimlje near Stolac. All recorded negative phenomena related to this necropolis took place in the modern era, a generally perceived time of social progress compared to older eras. Attention is drawn to the irreversible devastation of the locality by the construction of a modern road at the end of the 19th century in the Austro-Hungarian period, and to the disruption of the ambient whole surrounding the complex in the new millennium. Disruption of the appearance of the nearby landscape continues as this text is written. Considering the importance and popularity of the necropolis, the restoration of the tombstone was done on several occasions, the grounds were arranged, and legal protection measures were implemented. A special problem was the ignoring of legal regulations and the actions of local authorities contrary to the decisions of higher authorities regarding the protection of cultural and historical heritage.

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