CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Находки половецких каменных изваяний как источник по изучению географии половецких кочевий степного Прикубанья

Author(s): Yuriy V. Zelenskiy / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The author considers the problem of localization of the Polovtsian stone sculptures on the territory of the Kuban River and eastern Kuban area steppes. The statues have been delivered to the museum starting from the late 19th century and are still delivered today. Before the revolution, the findings were not always localized. In the 1950s to the early 21st century, the statues were delivered from villages located in the territory of the Central steppe area, from the Middle Kuban area, and Eastern Kuban area. The findings of the Polovtsian stone sculptures are a valuable source on the geography of the Polovtsian nomad encampments of the Kuban area.

More...

Погребения эпохи великого переселения народов и раннего средневековья из курганов степного Прикубанья

Author(s): Natalia Ju. Limberis,Ivan I. Marchenko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article presents the materials of the two richest burials in barrows in the Kuban steppe, dated from the Great Migration epoch. The detailed analysis of the multiple inventory items (polychromatic objects, buckles and belt decorations, cauldrons, weapons, etc) makes it possible to date the burial in Kalininskaya to the first half of the 5th century, and the burial in Malay — to the middle of the 6th century.

More...

4.50 €

Znaczenie kultu św. Piotra Apostoła w myśli misyjnej i działalności Brunona z Kwerfurtu

Author(s): Maksymilian Sas / Language(s): French,Polish,German,Italian Publication Year: 0

An anniversary publication for the renowned medieval historian Professor Roman Michałowski. The articles collected in the volume address the widely understood issues of medieval political and religious culture as well as the history of the Church in that period. Their authors, experts on the Middle Ages, come from Poland and from abroad and are not only historians but also archaeologists.

More...

Пальчатые фибулы типа Арчар-Истрия на Дунае и в Крыму

Author(s): Michel Kazanski / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Big fingered fibulae of the East German tradition, such as Archar-Histria type, are addressed in this article. In the late phase of the Great Migration Period, they spread throughout the East Roman Empire, south of the Danube, as well as in the Crimea. These fibulae belong to the East German tradition of women's costume and date from the second half of the 5th — the beginning of the 6th centuries. Most likely, they spread from the northern part of the Balkan Peninsula along with migrations of the Goths to the West and the East. Perhaps, the finds of such fibulae in the Crimea (Luchistoe, Artek, Kerch) reflect one of the Gothic migrations from the Balkans, not recorded by written sources.

More...

«Реликтовые» формы украшений из Елшинского клада VII в. н. э.

Author(s): Ilya R. Akhmedov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article examines two categories of female ensemble from the hoard found at the Elshino hillfort. This hoard, like the small one from Kartavtsevo hillfort, is considered among the group of hoards of the late Moshchiny culture (7th cent.). The Elshino hoard is similar to the Dnieper hoards (1st group), however the first one has a plenty of specific adornments. Some of them can be clearly divided into two categories whose origin lies in antiquities of the 1st half of I mil. AD. They are plated temple rings and cylindrical pendants. Prototypes of temple rings were part of the ensemble used by the population on the Upper Oka in the first centuries AD (the antiquities of Novo-Kleymenovo type). In the 3rd — the 1st half of the 4th cent., these adornments were included as components of the ensemble worn by the population of the Middle Oka and Suzdal Opolye. Prototypes of cylindrical pendants were widespread throughout the European Barbaricum. Later versions of such pendants appeared in the Upper Oka region in the Hunnic epoch. They are known from Velegozh hoard (Moshchiny culture). Single pendants were also found in the graves of the Ryazan Finn of the 2nd half 5th cent. These relict adornments developed in the context of the female ensemble of the late Moshchiny culture in the 3rd quar. of the I mil. AD. The ensemble was synthesizing elements of various origins.

More...

Средневековые перстни с пентаграммой в Юго-Западном Крыму: происхождение, распространение, датировка

Author(s): Anna V. Mastykova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

A finger ring with a pentagram was found in tomb 7 of the Gorzuvity necropolis, which served as the basis for this research in order to study the origin and the distribution of such jewelry, to identify analogies and to clarify their dating. Parallels from the South-Western Crimea and from other territories of the Byzantine world are given. A study of sample of such rings allowed us to identify several features that are most characteristic of the 10th—12th centuries. On this basis, the ring with pentalpha from Gorzuvity necropolis was previously dated to the 9th—11th centuries, not excluding the 12th century. Perhaps, with the help of the natural science methods implemented at present time, we will be able to clarify this date. The pentagram rings are of Byzantine origin, since they were distributed both in Byzantium itself and in its adjacent territories. Considering the finds from closed complexes, the rings appear in the 6th—7th centuries, the most widespread being from the 9th to the 11th centuries, their number dropping in the 12th century. Apparently, it was not an expensive mass production, these products being worn by citizens and residents of settlements. Such rings had an apotropaic character, because the image of the pentagram was supposed to ward off misfortune and evil from a person, whereas the signs of wear indicate that these jewelries were worn daily. Pentagram rings certainly reflect Byzantine fashion, they demonstrate the aesthetic and religious preferences of the peripheral population and testify to a uniform culture in the Byzantine world in the Middle Ages.

More...

Древнерусский клад из с. Новые Безрадичи Киевской области

Author(s): Liudmila V. Strokova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The collection of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine contains a hoard found in the village of Novi Bezradychi (Kyiv oblast, Obukhiv region). The hoard was handed over to the Museum in 1988. Near the place where the hoard was found, in the village of Stari Bezradychi, there are ramparts of the Ancient Rus’ fort dated back to the 11th — 13th centuries and identified by the researchers as the Ancient Rus’ town of Tumoshch, which is mentioned in chronicles. To date, the hoard has not been introduced into scientific discussion. The hoard contains six items: twisted torques and twisted bracelets, as well as two unidentifiable fragments of décor. A feature of the hoard is the lack of locks and tips for the torques and bracelets; and this complicates the dating of that complex. The bracelets and torques fall within the turn of the 11th and the 12th centuries through the end of the 12th century, but the crinum-shaped ornaments on the decorative plate are characteristic of the second half of the 12th — the mid of the 13th century. Generally, this set of items can be dated to the turn of the 11th and 12th centuries through the second half of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century. The preservation of the hoard and the broken-off jewelry tips make it possible to consider the hoard as a stock of raw material for craftsman’s work and probably possessed by a jeweler. Burying of the hoard could well have been caused by the Polovtsian raids, as well as by seizing and plundering of Kyiv by the troops led by Andrey Bogolyubski in 1169, and also by the Tatar-Mongol invasion.

More...

Химический состав металла нательных крестов из поселений Устье 2, 3 на Куликовом поле

Author(s): Mikhail I. Gonyanyi,Tatiana G. Saracheva / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

A study of chemical composition of metal used in 16 breast crosses found in Ustye 2,3 settlements (Kimovsky district of the Tula Oblast) helped to identify different types of copper-base alloys. It was found that the tin-lead bronze, typical for the non-ferrous metalworking of this territory in the 12th — first half of the 13th century, was still in use in production of crosses during the Golden Horde time. A breast cross of the 17th century was made from a different raw material — multicomponent bronze containing zinc. The sample included well-known and rarely found types of crosses. Planygraphic analysis of finds showed that Ustye 2, 3 settlements stand out among other sites of the Upper Don area by concentration of crosses.

More...

Некоторые особенности использования монет в ювелирном искусстве в средние века

Author(s): Sergey N. Travkin / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article examines the use of coins in jewelry. The research focuses on two hoards from Bessarabiaand analyzes their composition and chronology. Both hoards include silver and billon coins. One of them consists of coins and jewelry. There is a chronological gap between the hoard coins. The time of formation and concealment date back to different periods. Coins from one hoard were probably used as raw materials for jewelry. The second one was used for making up treasures or for raw materials. Judging by the hoards, coins in Bessarabia quickly went out of circulation. This was probably due to the use of coins for making jewelry. The question of the use of Byzantine coins in Christian worship remains open.

More...

4.50 €

Alexander’s Arabian

Author(s): Miriam A. Bibby / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 1121, Alexander I, King of Scotland, is said to have donated an equine (“donationis monumentum regium equum Arabicum”) to the church at St Andrews along with other rare and costly gifts. It was led to the altar during a ceremony that reinforced the status of St Andrews as a religious center and emphasized its relationship with the Scottish crown. Some modern commentators take it to be the first reference to an Arabian horse in Britain. There is no further reference to an Arabian horse as an “equus Arabicus” for several hundred years. What animal was presented at St Andrews?

More...

Историческая память о Первом болгарском царстве в правление первых Асеней

Author(s): Dmitry Igorevich Polyvyannyy / Language(s): English,Russian Publication Year: 0

The restoration of the Bulgarian Tzardom in the end of the 12th – the beginning of the 13th c. in the current historiography is often described in the terms of wide political and ideological program, which was continuously realized by three brothers – founders of the new Asenides dynasty – Peter, John and Kaloyan from 1186 to 1207. Another trend of research considers the activities of the first Asenides as situational but in this case the mobilization of the historical memory provided substantial ideological resources, too. The article contains five cases – of the brothers’ meeting with Isaac II Angel in Kipsela in 1185; using the term Zagora to designate their restored Tzardom; role of Preslav in the époque of the first Asens; the rite of Theodor-Peter’s coronation and transfer of St. John’s of Rila relics from Sredets to Turnovo by John Asen. Their consideration leads to the conclusion, that the strategic course of the first Asens to restore the Bulgarian Tzardom was combined with situational decisions, while the arguments to support them were taken from common historical memory of Bulgarians and received the appropriate connotations in their actions. Later these arguments received verbal interpretations in agiographical, hymnographical, canonical and historiographical works created in Turnovo and Athos.

More...

4.50 €

Datowania cmentarzy wczesnośredniowiecznych na ziemiach polskich: problemy wnioskowania

Author(s): Andrzej Buko / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The fundamental problem in the context of research on the origins of the Polish state is the moment of its emergence in the funeral rite of inhumation. Its reception, according to many researchers, is a material correlate of the beginnings of Christianity. The conventional caesura - after 966 - is marked here by the baptism date of Mieszko I, the first historical ruler of Poland. Unsettled the question remains whether and to what extent his subjects followed in the prince's footsteps and to whom in the first place this new funeral custom concerned. The author on selected examples taken from both contemporary and medieval observations cemeteries illustrates the complex issue of dating the oldest early medieval cemeteries in Poland Polish. At the same time, he draws attention to inference errors, especially when separating their initial phases. On this sub-pond states that the thesis according to which in humation appears on Polish lands only after the year 1000 requires a critical verification.

More...

4.50 €

Podstawy datowania i początki najstarszej fazy cmentarzyska w Lubieniu

Author(s): Tomasz Kurasiński,Kalina Skóra / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The cemetery in Lubień belongs to the group of the oldest early medieval inhumation necropolises in Poland Central. According to the authors' findings, the cemetery in Lubień was established in the first quarter of the 11th century is important for considering the problem of the beginnings of inhumation in Poland at that time. Destruction of the central part of the establishment burial ground, which is also assumed to be the location of the first burials, seriously hinders drawing conclusions in a binding manner about its initial phase. The analysis of the archaeological material indicates that the time of the most intensive use of this place fell on the second half of 11th century, although members of the local community were buried there until the third quarter of the 12th century. Only the few products of material culture (numismatic items, earrings with a triangular bead, a ceramic vessel) allow us to wonder whether the cemetery was established at the end of the 10th century. New light on the beginnings of the necropolis and inhumation in this area may be shed by research biological material using absolute dating methods.

More...

4.50 €

Faza inicjalna najstarszego cmentarza wczesnośredniowiecznego Sandomierza

Author(s): Marek Florek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the years 2013–2015, the oldest part of the skeletal cemetery, which functioned in the 11th century on the so-called Town Hill in Sandomierz. Some of the graves dated to the end of the 10th and/or the beginning of the 11th century are in form and applied funeral ritual similar to the so-called chamber graves. They contained above-standard, as for the conditions Lesser Poland, equipment (including clay pots, an axe, horseshoe clasps, a set for striking fire). Forms of graves and equipment suggest foreign origin of some of the deceased, which is also confirmed by the results of specialist analyses on the content of strontium isotopes. Noteworthy is the relatively large number of "eastern" elements in the equipment of the dead: an ax (axe), a key reused as a flint, horseshoe clasps, whorls. Taking into account the dating of the graves and their forms and equipment, it can be assumed that we are dealing with elite burials belonging to people whose at least some of them came to Sandomierz from outside, probably representing the Piast rule. They could have been newcomers from Wielkopolska, however, it cannot be ruled out that - especially in the case of the deceased from grave 9 - we are dealing with a Varangian - Rus in the service of one of the first two historical rulers of the Piast dynasty. These graves gave rise to it probably the oldest necropolis in Sandomierz, used by its inhabitants deep into the 11th century.

More...

4.50 €

Cmentarzyska birytualne typu Bilczew i ich datowanie

Author(s): Katarzyna Schellner,Krzysztof Gorczyca / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In recent years, three biritual cemeteries described as the Bilczew type have been discovered in the vicinity of Konin: Bilczew, commune of Kramsk, commune loco, and Kwiatków, commune Brudzew. This group also includes one archival cemetery at Konin, commune loco, which requires new interpretation and reanalysis. These sites are of special significance because continuity in the use of the necropolis after a change of religion, and therefore of the funeral rite, has been recorded there. It is a phenomenon that has not been noted in Greater Poland so far. The text presents and discusses most fully the cemetery at Bilczew, as it is the best recognised and published necropolis of this type to date. As a result of the excavation works, the entire preserved part of the site was examined, revealing 102 early medieval pit cremation graves and 27 skeletal ones, as well as one undetermined pit. The other cemeteries of this type were examined only by digging test pits (Kramsk), or the results of their excavations were initially misinterpreted (Konin). The largest of the recently explored cemeteries of this type (Kwiatków), where 127 cremation graves, 143 skeletal graves and 10 cenotaphs were discovered, awaits study and publication.

More...

4.50 €

Najstarsza faza rozwoju wczesnośredniowiecznego cmentarzyska w Kałdusie

Author(s): Jacek Bojarski,Wojciech Chudziak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of this article are the beginnings of the oldest early medieval necropolis located under the mountain St. Lawrence in Kałdus. Its creation coincided with the period of building the Polish state and accompanying this process Christianization, which was expressed in the eschatological dimension by inhumation. In the case of Kałdus, it was considered the earliest chamber graves, which were to initiate the development of the first necropolis, which was then used by several generations of residents resort in Culmine. Among the issues that have been given the most attention in this place, they come to the fore Two issues arise: 1) the genesis of inhumation in the Chełmno region and 2) the moment when it began to be used.

More...

4.50 €

Uwagi na temat chronologii cmentarzyska w Lutomiersku

Author(s): Jerzy Sikora / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Cemetery in Lutomiersk, explored by Konrad Jażdżewski's team in the 1940s and 1950s, published by Andrzej Nadolski, Andrzej Abramowicz and Tadeusz Poklewski in 1959, continues to be the object of interest generations of archaeologists. This is undoubtedly one of the most important funeral sites from the first period the Piast monarchy. Publication by Ryszard Grygiel of new data in the form of radiocarbon dating for parts graves from Lutomiersk, allows us to resume the discussion on its dating. Using Bayesian modeling radiocarbon dates, analysis of burial equipment and the spatial structure of the cemetery, it is proposed to provide more detail here dating and interpretation of the development of the burial space. The presented findings are of a working nature and testify, above all, to the still significant research potential of this site.

More...

4.50 €

Początki inhumacji w państwie pierwszych Piastów w świetle wyników badań radiowęglowych

Author(s): Dariusz Błaszczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author discusses the results of determining the age of the bones of skeletons buried with the use of the radiocarbon method chamber graves from the area of the early Piast state. The test samples were taken directly from the skeletons and in most cases issued using the AMS method. Radiocarbon dating showed that most of the tested burials came from the second half of 10th century and the reign of Mieszko I. So these people lived and worked during his rule, too they died and were buried during his reign. Two of the examined graves can be related to the beginning of the 11th century, that is, until the reign of Bolesław the Brave. The obtained results of 14C dating indicate that the beginnings are associated with Christianity inhumation in Poland can be associated with the second half of the 19th century. 10th century, with the reign of Mieszko I. At that time, the first one was founded skeletal cemeteries, which in many cases were used continuously until the end of the 12th or the beginning of the 13th century.

More...

4.50 €

Czy najstarsze cmentarze szkieletowe w państwie pierwszych Piastów można datować na wiek X?

Author(s): Przemyslaw Urbanczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Until recently, the intuitive conviction prevailed that a departure from the centuries-old eschatological tradition, which required cremation of the corpse, took place shortly after the baptism of Mieszko I in 966. In this way, archaeologically confirmed the belief of medieval chroniclers that the conversion of the ruler resulted in the rapid Christianization of his subjects. Meanwhile from the time of his reign (before 963–992) there are no (except for Poznań) reliable evidence of a change in the funeral rite. The current dating of the oldest skeletal burials allows this change to be placed only in the last decade of the 10th century, that is already in the times of Bolesław the Brave. This means that our first historical ruler was not archaeologically visible successes in enforcing the Christian way of burying the dead.

More...

4.50 €

Datowanie początków cmentarzy wczesnośredniowiecznych na ziemiach polskich w świetle danych numizmatycznych

Author(s): Stanisław Suchodolski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Coins are the best dater of any artifact discovered in archaeological contexts. The time of circulation must be added to the date of creation of the coins. Coin dating is also more precise than that using 14C radioactive carbon analysis. The earliest, but only sporadic, coins appear in graves at Silesia (Germany). They are more common in cemeteries in Wielkopolska (Dziekanowice, Sowinki), Kujawy (Bodzia) and Gdańsk Pomerania (Kałdus, Warm). The beginnings of depositing these coins in graves can be assessed for a period not earlier than the last quarter of the 10th century, and more certainly for the years 990–1000. This corresponds to the beginning of Bolesław's reign Brave (992–1025), i.e. a quarter of a century after the adoption of Christianity. Has this rite existed in Poland before, finally the reign of Mieszko I cannot be ruled out. For now, however, there are no numismatic arguments for this. We also don't know whether there were earlier skeletal graves, which, however, did not contain coins.

More...