Két világ határán

Author(s): György Haraszti / Language(s): Hungarian

György Haraszti is an outstanding member of the middle-aged generation of historians. The articles in this book investigate the milestones along the symbiotic process of co-existence of Jews and Hungarians during the 1000 years of Hungarian history. This collection contains his writings of the last ten years on the shared Jewish-Hungarian history. He draws on the latest findings of Hungarian and international historical research, and he also takes a new approach to 18th-century Jewish migration into Hungary, the social structure of Hungarian Jewry in 1848, and the question of the much-debated migration from Galicia. The closing essay surveys the problems of Hungarian-Jewish history writing.

Древности. Исследования. Проблемы

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian

This volume has been prepared quickly, smoothly and cheerfully. This is, perhaps, because it is dedicated to the 70th birthday anniversary of a person who is always cheerful himself, an archaeologist, zealous and lucky researcher, a radiant personality and a very kind man, as well as a wonderful colleague and true friend of all good people – Nicolai Telnov.His journey in science has been long and fruitful: from Belgorod to Bucovina, from the Crimea to the Carpathians; expeditions and field surveys, libraries and museums; with shovel and satchel; with fantastic patience and sensational results, with vast experience and rich knowledge ready to share with his colleagues and disciples. Telnov’s realm is Tripolye and Scythians, Dacians and Slavs, medieval nomads and the old letters of the sad Lay of Igor’s Warfare. His inquisitive mind knows no limits, and we will be more than glad if this volume can serve him and other readers as a trigger to follow the thorny path of science in search of new insights.

Łacina późnośredniowiecznych ksiąg ławniczych Starej Warszawy

Author(s): Urszula Zachara-Związek / Language(s): Polish

The publication discusses the extent to which the language of court books from Old Warsaw from the second half of the 15th century and the first half of the 16th century reflects the typical characteristics of Polish medieval Latin and to what extent the specific features of the given writer. The relation between Latin as the main language of those books and Polish and German interpolations is also a matter of the author’s interest.

Przeszłość jako przedmiot wiary. Historia i filozofia w myśli średniowiecza

Author(s): Krzysztof Pomian / Language(s): Polish

A cross-sectional look at the structure of medieval thinking, in particular considering its impact on historiography. The author shows, using among others the example of two medieval chronicles and their later reception, how in the Middle Ages the Augustinian attitude to dealing with sources (the absolutisation of first-hand testimony) turned into admitting the interference of reason, which laid the foundations for future historical studies.

Wizerunek władców bizantyńskich w Historii kościelnej Ewagriusza Scholastyka

Author(s): Kazimierz Ginter / Language(s): Polish

The book has been dedicated to the reconstruction and analysis of the image of Byzantine emperors (from Theodosius II to Maurice) as seen in the sixth-century Byzantine historian Evagrius Scholasticus’s “Ecclesiastical history”. The author perceives the image of emperors as consisting both of their direct description (personality, virtues and vices, as well as their appearance etc.) and indirect depiction – extrapolated from their policies and events that took place during their reign, which could be treated by Evagrius as the result of their rule. The book is not only a rich source of our knowledge on Evagrius Scholasticus, his literary craft and inspirations, but it also constitutes an interesting panorama of the history of the eastern part of the Roman Empire in the 5th and 6th centuries. “When characterising the work, one more aspect of the research methodology should be mentioned. Kazimierz Ginter belongs to the generation of scholars who eagerly employ modern instruments of scientific work, thus enlarging the set of research tools for late antiquity. Analysing the written material, he opted for an instrument designed for identifying convergent points and specifying their provenance (via the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae project), which enabled him to establish links between the main source and other ancient and Byzantine texts. I am convinced that Kazimierz Ginter’s work . . . presenting Evagrius and his work from the new perspective deserves to be published.”

FONTES RERUM SLAVORUM MERIDIONALIUM. ACTA ET DIPLOMATA RAGUSINA. Editi cura JOHANNIS RADONIĆ

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian,Latin,Italian

In 1931, the Serbian Royal Academy decided to open a new department for historical material from the Dalmatian archives in its "Proceedings for the History, Language and Literature of the Serbian People". Liber notariare, with material from 1336—1421, paid special attention to the Dubrovnik archives. age and diversity of material stands out in the first place among the archives in our country. // Just as Dubrovnik today attracts the attention of every traveler with its position and appearance, so its past is strange, very changeable and always interesting. Dubrovnik, like many other towns on the east coast of the Adriatic, developed near the end of a turbulent period of migration. Then the population of the old Epidaurus (Cavtat) took refuge in the inaccessible place of Dubrovnik, whose cliffs fall vertically into the sea, and which is protected on the dry side by the high hill of St. Srđa od Brgata. The Roman population of Dubrovnik was instructed from the first beginnings in navigation and trade, but very early it developed a lively action to expand its territory beyond the tame and fertile surroundings of Župa, Rijeka and Šumet. Thus, Romanesque Dubrovnik came into contact with the neighboring South Slavic tribes very early, and during the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries it developed safe and fast, while Latin remained the official language of the state and the church during the Middle Ages. // THIS VOLUME HAS BEEN PUBLISHED in 1934 by the SERBIAN ROYAL ACADEMY as Volume III, Book II of its series ЗБОРНИК. ИСТОРИЈУ, ЈВЗИК И КЊИЖЕВНОСТ СРПСКОГ НАРОДА (PROCEEDINGS. HISTORY, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE OF THE SERBIAN PEOPLE).

Exhibitions. Conferences. Projects. Databases. Latest publications.

Author(s): Piotr Kruk Mirosław,Ana Dumitran,Francesca Tasca,Vlad Bedros,Alice Isabella Sullivan,Julia Gearhart,Jacob Wheeler,Anita Paolicchi,Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English,French Issue: 5/2021

Exhibitions. Conferences. Projects. Databases. Latest publications.

The 'Doubled-Sided' Chapel at Pyrga (Cyprus, 1421-1424).

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

Après avoir reconfirmé la datation de Camille Enlart (vers 1421 ou 1421-1424) et identifié le comman-ditaire (l’évêque de Limassol Barthélemy Gui) dans une inscription fragmentaire, la présente étude explore: d’une part, les modèles des inscriptions en langue vernaculaire française de Pyrga (Chypre); d’autre part, la lo-gique du programme iconographique et le contexte culturel que sous-tend cette dernière. Dans la première par-tie, l’analyse des inscriptions de la chapelle prouve que le concepteur du décor peint a suivi un modèle manuscrit, sans doute un psautier avec un grand cycle d’enluminures. L’étude évoque trois termes de comparaison célè-bres: le Psautier de la reine Ingeburge (Chantilly, Bibliothèque du Musée Condé, 9 – tournant du xiiie siècle), le psautier de l’évêque Henri de Blois (Londres, British Library, Cotton Nero C iv – vers 1160) et le livre d’images de Marie de Rethel (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, n. acq. fr. 16251 – vers 1285). Dans la source manuscrite reconstituée, les inscriptions en ancien français étaient probablement transcrites en tant que tituli, d’après une typologie tripartite: noms de fêtes religieuses, groupes nominaux ayant une fonction analogue et légendes sous forme d’énoncés introduits par l’adverbe coument. La langue des inscriptions de Pyrga, un français d’Outremer, présente les traits particuliers des scriptae chypriotes de la fin du Moyen Âge. De plus, on constate que la déco-ration de la chapelle inscrit le monument de Pyrga dans la catégorie des chapelles royales de l’Europe occidentale (xive et xve siècles). Le transfert du codex à la paroi concerne non seulement les images, mais également les textes qui accompagnent ces dernières. L’auteur s’intéresse ensuite à la disposition symétrique de la décoration dans les deux travées de la chapelle, ainsi qu’à la manière dont cette disposition accentue l’Uniatisme catholique-orthodoxe. La logique dos-à-dos de la décoration émule celle des icônes à double face – termes de comparaison directs pour la chapelle – notamment leur choix d’apparier deux scènes : la Crucifixion / la Mère de Dieu. Le con-cepteur du décor peint souhaitait évoquer l’osmose de deux églises: une église latine, orientée vers l’Est; la sug-gestion d’une église byzantine, orientée vers l’Ouest. Cela explique le choix particulier de la décoration des voûtes (christologique pour la travée Est et mariale pour la travée Ouest), la double représentation de l’An-nonciation (pour marquer l’orientation des deux églises) et le choix d’une composition de type pala d’altare pour la paroi Est, tandis que la paroi Ouest imite la décoration des templons byzantins. L’osmose des deux églises est indiquée de manière encore plus claire par le choix de représenter les martyriums des saints Étienne (signifiant l’Orient) et Laurent (signifiant l’Occident) au-dessus des entrées latérales. Ce serait une allusion à l’osmose des corps de ces saints dans la Coniunctio corporum sanctorum Stephani et Laurentii (bhl 4784b). Après une réévaluation du texte fragmentaire (aujourd’hui perdu) de l’inscription dédicatoire, il est évident que la dédicace proprement dite concernait l’Assomption de la Vierge. Qui plus est, l’osmose Est-Ouest était de nou-veau indiquée par la représentation dans un même cadre de la Dormition de la Mère de Dieu (sujet à connotation byzantine) et du Couronnement de la Vierge (thème occidental par excellence). Les textes littéraires des xive et xve siècles confirment la fixation chypriote de l’appariement de la Mère de Dieu avec la Passion du Christ, de même que plusieurs autres choix de la décoration de Pyrga. La signification de la décoration devait être multiple, en rapport avec la triple utilité du bâtiment: chapelle funéraire (pour Barthélemy Gui), chapelle royale (pour le couple Janus de Lusignan-Charlotte de Bourbon) et point d’entrée au monastère de Stavrovouni, qui hébergeait des reliques de la Sainte Croix.

Les livres grecs anciens de la Métropole de Moldavie et de Bucovine conservés dans la bibliothèque «Dumitru Stăniloae» de Iaşi.

Author(s): Lidia Cotovanu / Language(s): French Issue: 6/2022

The Library of the Orthodox Metropolitan See of Moldavia and Bucovina in Iaşi preserves over a thousand copies of old Greek books. There are only ten manuscripts in this collection, one of which was com-missioned by Constantin Brâncoveanu, Prince of Wallachia. The collection consists mainly of Greek prints of various origins, some of which can be traced back to the library of the Princely Academy of Iași, succeeded by the Mihăileană Academy. Other volumes originate in the library of the Theological Seminary of Socola, founded by Veniamin Costachi Metropolitan of Moldavia, who donated his personal library to the Iași foundation. Sev-eral references come from the private collections of high hierarchs, while some books were collected from various Moldavian monasteries, especially from those who used to be metochia of the Greek Patriarchates and the great monasteries under their jurisdiction. This article evaluates the importance of the prints according to their dating, place of publication, owners, and contents (generally didactic books, but also polemical books of a religious nature). It also seeks to reconstruct the historical context of their circulation in Moldavia and the circumstances in which they came into the possession of the Metropolitan See of Moldavia and Bucovina. The analysis provided takes into account prosopographical investigations, the history of the Moldavian educational institutions, and the examination of the notes (mostly in Greek) on the prints.

The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms (4).

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei,Chapel Alessia,Fabienne Toupin / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

This paper represents a continuation of previous publications: “The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms. Collective Research” (Museikon, 3, 2019, p. 67-140—hereafter abbreviated as Musical Instruments 2019); “The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Translations of the Psalms (2): Collective Research” (Museikon, 4, 2020, p. 257-302—hereafter ab-breviated as Musical Instruments 2020); and “The Musical Instruments in the Early Vernacular Trans-lations of the Psalms (4): Collective Research” (Museikon, 5, 2019, p. 91-107—hereafter abbreviated as Musical Instruments 2021). The current paper represents the finalisation of this group of articles.

Museographic Objects, Saints, and Sacred Places: Saint Antony Pechersky, Esphigmenou Monastery (Mount Athos), and the Museum of Christian Antiquities (Athens).

Author(s): Katerina Seraïdari / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

L’article nous présente la manière dont trois histoires, avec des finalités très différentes, s’avèrent en réalité interconnectées. La première histoire est celle de saint Antoine Petchersky (xe-xie siècle), père du monachisme russe et fondateur de la Laure des Grottes de Kyïv; la deuxième concerne un monastère du Mont Athos, où ce saint aurait vécu pendant un certain temps au xie siècle; la troisième nous parle d’un objet qu’il aurait porté. La présente étude permet d’explorer la rivalité entre Grecs et Russes au Mont Athos dans la seconde moitié du xixe siècle. Elle permet également d’interroger la question des ‘faux’ objets et la pertinence culturelle de ces derniers.

Le predicatrici valdesi medievali: mundus reversus et perversus o mundus novus? Sulla testimonianza custodita nel Super Apocalypsim di Goffredo di Auxerre.

Author(s): Francesca Tasca / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

‘After preaching, they feasted quite lavishly every day, they chose new lovers almost every night, they spent their time without being subjected to anyone, without worries, without fatigue, without danger’. In his Super Apocalypsim, the Cistercian monk Geoffrey of Auxerre describes in this way two Waldensian lady preachers, delineating an extraordinary condition of female autonomy. The article explores the ‘textual phy-siognomy’ of Super Apocalypsim, a biblical commentary written in the second half of the 1180s, but also high-lights its historical and editorial context. The testimony of Geoffrey of Auxerre, a leading representative of ecclesiastical hierarchies, allows us to analyse lexical choices and conceptual nuclei in order to clarify the speci-fic polemics underlying this description of the subversive life of an order which is represented by the two Waldensian women and the manner in which they experience female freedom. Emphasis is given to the issue of a dangerous ‘upside-down world’ (mundus reversus et perversus); this witnesses the subversive experience of the two Waldensian women. The article also recognises possible surviving traces of a radical evangelism and the attempt to create a new world (mundus novus).

Dux fabulosus

Author(s): Paweł Żmudzki / Language(s): Polish

The publication is devoted to the problem of creating the historical image of the prince Leszek Czarny from his times to the end of the 16th century. In two books by Bartosz Paprocki: “The Nest of Virtues” and “The Heraldic Arms of the Polish Knighthood”, Leszek Czarny was provided with an absolutely vital role, which the author of this book attempts to explain, showing the meanders of historiographical tradition. To this end, he tries to determine the hypothetical source that was created at the court of the prince ("Gesta Lestkonis") and analyses historiographical efforts of Jan Długosz and his original idea for the image of the ruler. The author also discusses the image of Piast’s relations with the municipality of Cracow, which played a significant part in the 16th-century tradition.

The Burgeoning Rod in Three. Vernacular Lives of Saint Audrey. Clusters of Terms, Formulae, or Images?

Author(s): Ileana Sasu / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

Articolul analizează imaginea toiagului înflorit în trei vieți ale Sfintei Audrey (sau Etheldreda de la Ely): una în franceză veche și două în engleză mijlocie, precum și în alte texte devoționale. Studiul arată cum, dincolo de cuvinte, imaginile sunt transferate dintr-o limbă într-alta în timpul procesului de traducere. Imaginile vehiculate de texte determină alegerea cuvintelor în traducere. Analiza se bazează pe două extrase în limba engleză medie. Primul este dintr-o ediție inedită a vieții în proză a Sfintei Audrey, acum într-un manuscris de la Corpus Christi College, Oxford, iar cealaltă din viața în proză din manuscrisul Additional 2604 de la Biblioteca Universității Cambridge, un text scris pentru o membră a unei comunități monahale feminine. Textul în franceză veche este preluat din poemul din secolul al XII-lea La vie seinte Audree, nonneyne de Ely, compus de o autoare pe nume Marie — fie Marie de France, celebra poetesă, fie o călugăriță anglo-normandă cu același prenume. Acestor texte li se adaugă alte exemple preluate din surse latine pentru a demonstra interoperabilitatea imaginii toiagului înflorit în literatura medievală.

Шедьовърът на Руставели – ренесансова поема или средновековен роман?

Author(s): Yordan Lyutskanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article introduces to the late medieval romance in verse Vepkhistq’aosani by Shota Rustaveli – the central artefact in Georgian cultural self-awareness and the top item of ‘high’ Georgian cultural export. It briefly presents its narrative content, indicating the correlation of two plot-lines (initially through enframing, after some point though horizontal interlacing). It briefly introduces to the main fluctuations and 20th-century tendency in translating the work’s title, interpreting the fluctuations as indicative of aesthetic differences, and the tendency as an indication of the ‘cultural market’ success of the Soviet-Georgian (in its ideological and aesthetical basis –a Stalinist and socialist-realist) image of Rustaveli’s masterpiece. It presents two influential to dominant claims of Georgian Rustvelology – that the work is a poema (and not a novel/romance) and that it displays, at least partially, Renaissance outlook and poetics, – considering these claims as tools (1) of Soviet “Culture Two” to allot a proper place to Georgian nation within the alternative modernity of the USSR and its premodern background-under-construction, and (2) of Soviet-Georgian cultural nationalism to define a usable past in post-Soviet conditions; and (3) as beliefs. It revitalises the option to contextualise the work of Rustaveli (and, indirectly, Georgian cultural identity) in non-Eurocentric terms, providing some factographic and theoretic clues from the field of macrohistory (J. Abu-Lughod et al.) and a methodological one from sociology of arts (P. Bourdieu).

Strategoí: early Byzantine military commanders in the times of Zeno and Anastasius (474–518); Byzantina Lodziensia tom L

Author(s): Mirosław J. Leszka,Szymon Wierzbiński / Language(s): English

The presented book focuses on the commanders of the early Byzantine army during the reign of Emperors Zeno and Anastasius I. The publication is divided into five main parts. The first part presents the Byzantine army, the command of which was the basis for the position of the commanding staff in society. The second part was devoted to the policies of Zeno and Anastasius I regarding the appointment to the highest positions in the Byzantine army, that is, the magistri militum in praesenti, per Orientem, per Illyricum and per Thracias. In the third, the main opponents of the Byzantine troops and of their commanders were characterised, in general terms (the Ostrogoths, Persians and Bulgars). The fourth part traces the activity of military elites during important political events, such as usurpations and military rebellions. The fifth and final part was devoted to ten select­ed as examples representatives of the military elites of the era of Zeno and Anastasius I. * I have no doubt that the reviewed book will be wormly received in the international Byzantine community. From the review of prof. Ireneusz Milewski University of Gdańsk The authors of the publication managed to combine the scientific nature of the argument with an interesting style. The argument is logical, and the theses are complete and consistent with the state of research. From the review of prof. Szymon Olszaniec Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Longobardzko-bizantyńskie relacje polityczne od początków VI wieku do upadku egzarchatu Rawenny; Byzantina Lodziensia, No. XLVI

Author(s): Maciej Dawczyk / Language(s): Polish

The subject of this study is the political relations between the Byzantine Empire and the Lombards within the period from the beginning of the 6th century to the fall of the Exarchate of Ravenna. Depiction of their image for whole this period is a difficult task. After the Lombard invasion of Italy, the Empire treated the peninsula as peripheral territory prioritizing a fight against the Avars, the Sasanians, and the Arabs. For this reason, intensity of the relations rapidly diminished from the beginning of the 7th century what makes the coherent reconstruction of their image challenging. The reflection of the general Byzantine attitude towards Italy is a scarcity of information about the Lombards in the Greek language sources. Although the western Latin sources are numerous and various (at least to the beginning of the 7th century), they usually show internal Italian perspective. For the later period, the materials are much more scarce, full of gaps, and biased. In the first half of the 6th century, the Lombards settled in Pannonia and became an ally of the Empire. At that time Byzantium used them as the factor necessary to maintain balance of power in the region and to limit the significance of the Gepids. The situation changed after the Lombard invasion of Italy. The Lombards quickly conquered a large part of the peninsula apart from the centre and some coastal areas. Due to its limited opportunities, Constantinople did not used substantial military means to strike back against the aggression. Instead, the Empire resorted to intrigues, paying tributes to warlords, and seeking Frankish military support. At that time, the Exarchate of Ravenna was created as the structure governing Byzantine part of Italy. Relatively peaceful status quo was shaped in the beginning of the 7th century, the evidence of which was subsequent truces and the exchange of embassies at central authorities level in 609. It seems that the Lombard monarchy in Italy was not interested in a compromise in the form of even formal recognition of its dependence to Byzantium in exchange for imperial recognition of its right to rule the larger part of the peninsula, and a treaty concluded in 609 was the acknowledgement of the Lombard political independence. However, in the 7th century, the relations became less intense and tense, there were a few significant episodes. One of them was the conquest of Byzantine Liguria by the Lombards in the 40s. Another was the Italian expedition of Emperor Constans II, which was projected to, above all, strengthen the position of the Empire in the Mediterranean and prevent it from Muslim aggression. Implementing this concept the Emperor probably wanted to conquer the Duchy of Benevento as well, but he failed. It is possible that around 680 another treaty stabilizing the situation in Italy was concluded, but the source evidence concerning it is very ambiguous and due this fact its significance should not be overestimated, especially considering that the existence of this agreement is hard to prove. In the 8th century, the Lombard aggression towards the Exarchate was resumed. King Liuptrand efficiently strived to achieve unquestionable hegemony in Italy. At that time, the significance of the papacy increased and it took over, in the face of growing passivity of Constantinople towards the peninsula and weakness of the Exarch, the burden of negotiations with the Lombards. Aggressive attitude of the Lombard monarchy finally led it to the conquest of Ravenna and liquidation of the Exarchate around 751.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Author(s): Rossen Malchev,Konstantin Rangochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

The Manufactory of Old French Psalters. Part 2. The Genetic Stratigraphy of Douce MS 320 (Continuation) and Its Links with the Maidstone and Orne Fragments.

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei,Chapel Alessia,Lendinara Patrizia,Delattre Corentin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Le présent article s’inscrit dans la continuité de celui qui a été publié en 2023 dans la même revue (The Manufactory of Old French Psalters: Part 1…). Ce deuxième volet comprend d’abord une section de addenda qui complètent certaines parties du précèdent article. S’ajoutent ensuite les érasures dans diverses formes verbales, suivies par un recensement des corrections liées aux préfixes ex– et es–. D’autres séries d’érasures concernent différentes parties du discours: articles définis; pronoms personnels; pronoms réflexifs; formes possessives; démonstratifs; avec une étude de cas sur les choix de traduction du génitif eius, dont plusieurs documentent l’existence d’un antigraphe. Il s’agit souvent d’une hésitation entre les formes faibles et fortes. Des sections com-plémentaires sont consacrées aux érasures des pronoms relatifs et de la conjonction que; à l’adjectif pronominal toz / tuit; aux prépositions; à la conjonction é; aux signes de ponctuation; et aux particules négatives. L’ana-lyse des érasures du manuscrit d’Oxford, Bibliothèque bodléienne, Douce 320 se termine par un examen détaillé des corrections liées à différents phénomènes lexicaux. L’article porte ensuite sur les rapports entre le manuscrit Douce et les fragments de Maidstone, dont la transcription a été publiée dans le premier volet. Suivent une transcrip-tion des fragments de l’Orne (Paris, Archives Nationales, dossier AB xix 1734) et une étude sur l’origine de ces derniers et sur leurs liens avec le texte de Douce. Les choix de traduction pour le latin numquid documentent les liens entre Douce, Arundel (Londres, Bibliothèque britannique, Arundel 230) et Orne. Les choix de traduction du latin exaltare permettent en partie de restituer le texte latin de la source de Douce. Les différentes stratégies de traduction d’Orne, de Douce et d’Arundel semblent être des réécritures d’antigraphes similaires. Toutes ces ana-lyses montrent que Douce, Arundel, Orne et Maidstone proviennent de deux ou plusieurs gloses vernaculaires apparentées. L’article propose ensuite une perspective globale sur les approches vernaculaires de la traduction des psaumes en Angleterre jusqu’au xiiie siècle, qui documente l’interaction des langues vernaculaires anglaises et françaises avec les textes (et l’exégèse) latins. Il se termine par une discussion (appuyée sur deux exemples du xiie siècle) concernant le double pliage du Douce, lié sans doute à sa circulation et à son emploi dans la réalisation des psautiers bilingues à deux colonnes. Le troisième volet du présent article est prévu pour 2025. Il comprendra la transcription du texte de Douce (avec l’accentuation originale et l’emplacement des érasures), ainsi que plusieurs études complémentaires.

Echoes

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English,French Issue: 8/2024