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Находки средневекового времени с поселения Тарасова в Молдове (по материалам частной коллекции)

Author(s): Svetlana S. Ryabtseva,Mihail M. Ciocanu / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2009

The paper introduces scattered materials found at Tarasova village (Resina, Moldova). The collection includes items made of base metals as well as of iron (mainly items of armament and household utensils). The items can be divided into several chronological groups. The earliest are items of late 9th-11th cc. finding direct analogies on sites of Echimauti-Alcedar type in the territory between the Prut and the Dniester Rivers, as well as among the antiquities of South-Eastern, Central and Eastern Europe. Rather more representative is the collection of items dated by 15th-17th cc., the time when an important trade and industrial settlement of Moldavia is thought to have existed here along with its necropolis. A certain chronological gap between the latter and the former group is filled by a number of crosses-enculpions of the Old Russian type, which are dated within 13th-15th cc.

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Дружинное снаряжение и предметы быта («культуры повседневности») древнерусского Вщижа

Author(s): Evgenii A. Shinakov,Vladimir V. Minenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2019

The everyday culture and the items of military equipment of the retinue (druzhina) should be separated from the other two types of everyday culture of the social elite. On the other hand, not all items of military life are associated only with the military elite, which the Russian druzhina belonged to. The article deals with four categories of artifacts: spurs, “status” plaques of military belts or horse harness, sharp-pointed weapons with a ring, children’s military toys. Vshchizh, which the article is devoted to, is a kind of “preservative” of the ancient Russian culture including the culture of druzhina, because of its destruction in 1238, as well as its location on the border of Chernihiv-Seversk and Smolensk lands, or Southern and Northern Russia in general, which affected its cross-cultural and military links.

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Шлем или шапка? О находках серебряных конусовидных наверший головных уборов в археологических памятниках X—XIV вв.

Author(s): Svetlana S. Ryabtseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2019

One of the interesting details characteristic of the male multi-ethnic retinue culture of the 10th century are cone-shaped silver tops of headdresses. There are four specimens found on the sites of the North European, Hungarian, ancient Russian cultural circle. All of them come from the rich male graves of the 10th century, where they are combined with weapons (swords, sabers, spears, axes, scramasaxes) and horse and rider equipment. Presumably, they could decorate soft male helmets or round hats with a pointed top.As the closest analogy, we can point to silver cone-shaped top of headdress from a rich female burial dated by the 14th century and found in the Belorechensky Kurgans in the Caucasus region. It should be noted that the pointed helmet headdresses were represented in this region in male and female costumes, and earlier, in the 14th century, they were typical for female clothing and were accompanied, in some cases, by metal tops. Thus, in the period when men’s fashion in the Caucasus region is reoriented to a new oriental influence — orbelge hats, skullcaps, the shape of helmet-like headgear is preserved in female costume, with a specific addition of a crescent at its top, as if to emphasize that this was a female dress.

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Niecni Słowianie, wyimaginowany fundator, benedyktyni i dzik. Tradycja fundacyjna klasztoru cystersów w Pforcie do końca XV wieku

Author(s): Monika Michalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The Ignominious Slavs, an Imaginary Founder, the Benedictines and a Wild Boar. A Foundation Tradition of the Cistercian Monastery at Pforta to the End of the Fifteenth Century.

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Sedem slobodných umení v diele Aurelia Augustina a Boëthia

Author(s): Miroslava Trogová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2020

The aim of presented study is a philosophical analysis of education in the works of St. Augustine and Boethius. The study deals with the concept of seven liberal arts in the philosophical context and it is focused on the personality of Aurelius Augustine and Boethius, their works and impact on formation and transfer of the tradition of septem artes liberales (seven liberal arts). Each section contains a selection of the Latin texts written by Augustine and Boethius and our own Slovak translations. The set task of the texts reflects the idea of education and the principles of selected disciplines from the septem artes liberales cycle. The study also analyses the reception of seven liberal arts in the Middle Age and the idea of comprehensive education. It is focused on the idea of the medieval university and the content of teaching programmes at the first universities. In addition, the study deals with the importance of humanistic values of education for today’s man and society. The intention is using the selected Latin texts to justify the both – the need for the humanity component of education for society and the presence of humanities programmes at universities.

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Institutio arithmetica I-V

Author(s): / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2020

Slovak translation of Institutio arithmetica (I-V) from Boethius.

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О миграционных и демографических процессах на территории Дагестана в албано-сарматский и раннесредневековый периоды

Author(s): Murtazali Gadjiev,Marat Bakushev,Alexander V. Borisov,Natalia E. Ryabogina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2020

According to archaeological data, the Albanian-Sarmatian period is characterized by a weak population of the territory of Dagestan. In the mountainous part of the region there is an almost complete population decline to the turn of the era, which began in the early Iron Age and is associated with a recorded cooling in the mountains in that period. In the 3rd century AD, there was an active growth in the number of settlements, the emergence of a hierarchy of settlements, including early urban centers, which reflected the cardinal socio-economic transformations in society. Since that time, the Iranian-speaking nomads began their mass migration to the Caspian Dagestan, which was due to the climatic factor and political events in the region. Population growth and density in the 3rd—5th centuries AD and the reverse settlement of the mountain zone, obviously, was a consequence of the socio-economic development of society against the background of climate improvement. The observed climatic changes were recorded according to the results of paleobotanical studies of the ancient peatland in Mountainous Dagestan, which showed the relationship of migration and demographic processes with the natural and climatic situation. The deterioration of the military and political situation in the Caspian plain in the 6th—8th centuries AD was the reason for the termination of the functioning of many settlements on the border of the plain and foothills and caused back migration to the mountains.

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Скульптурные изображения всадников из кургана Улан Хэрэм Шороон бумбагар в Монголии (антропологический аспект)

Author(s): Alexey I. Buraev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2020

The article discusses unique 7th century materials from the Turkic mausoleum in Bayannuur sum of the Bulgan aimag of Mongolia. The sculptural images belong to one of the Tiele (Tokuz-Oghuz) tribes that were part of the Tang Empire. They are currently stored in the Kharkhorin museum. 11 equestrian figures were studied. A safety assessment of the ceramic microplastics is given. The riders’ clothes elements are revealed, a characteristic of the anthropological appearance of the prototype statuettes is given. A separate description of the horses is also offered. It has been determined that a number of images have traditional musical instruments in their hands, which are also used in the funerary rite. Image prototypes are undoubtedly Mongoloid and most likely belonged to the Turanid race. Ceramic microplastics demonstrate the authentic appearance of the ancient Turks of Mongolia and expand the range of sources on the anthropology of medieval Inner Asia.

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Kik a palócok?

Author(s): István Majoros / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The author writes a monograph (At the Land of the Palóc) about a strange people, the Palóc, living in the northern part of Hungary and in Southern Slovakia. In this study the author examines the question of the origin of the Palóc people. He presents the opinion of the classics of Palóc research and the Hungarian prehistory: Fábián Szeder, Sándor Pintér, János Jerney, Gyula Pauler Ármin Vámbéry. According to Fábian Szeder, the Palóc people arrived with the Magyars under Árpád in the 9th century. János Jerney accepts this opinion, but he adds that the Palóc are descendants of the Cumans. Ármin Vámbéry agrees with this but according to him the Palóc arrived in the Carpathian Basin after the 9th century. Gyula Pauler does not accept the Cuman origin. In his opinion the paloc ancestors are the Kabars. Sándor Pintér, the proud Palóc, claims that the Palóc people are descended from Scythian, Hun, Avar and already they lived in the Carpathian Basin at the time of the Conquest. Then the author presents other opinion as well. We know the results of a Slovak researcher, Jozef Škultéty. And he presents the results of anthropology (Lajos Bartucz and Gyula Henkey). We know the theory of Gyula László about the „double Conquest” in connection with Palóc people and the study presents who the Cumans are. At the end of the study the author asks who is right and he tries to answer that question.

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Liturgia Wielkiego Tygodnia i Wielkanocy w łacińskim Królestwie Jerozolimskim (1099–1187)

Author(s): Bartłomiej Dźwigała / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 55/2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przebadanie liturgii wielkanocnej sprawowanej w Jerozolimie w czasach krzyżowców i umieszczenie jej w szerszym kontekście kultury politycznej łacińskiego Królestwa Jerozolimskiego. Głównym pytaniem badawczym jest, w jaki sposób liturgia wielkanocna oddziaływała na funkcjonowanie społeczeństwa łacińskiego Wschodu. W pierwszej części prezentowanego studium prezentujemy kształt liturgii wielkanocnej na podstawie wybranych ksiąg liturgicznych. W drugiej części, opierając się na źródłach narracyjnych, pokazujemy, w jaki sposób liturgia wielkanocna była powiązana z kulturą polityczną i religijną krucjatowej monarchii. Jako wniosek proponujemy, aby liturgię wielkanocną traktować jako centralny element życia łacińskiego Królestwa Jerozolimskiego, co wpisuje się w szerszy kontekst duchowości katolickiej.

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Rola kształcenia muzycznego w amerykańskich wyższych seminariach duchownych

Author(s): Agnieszka Kosmecka / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 55/2020

Artykuł traktuje o kulturze muzycznej panującej w amerykańskich wyższych seminariach duchownych. Podkreśla istotę oraz doniosłość utrzymania wysokiego poziomu kształcenia muzycznego przyszłych księży. Estetyczna świadomość oraz umiejętność odróżnienia sztuki wysokiej od kiczu stanowi bowiem jedną z ważniejszych, a niedocenianych umiejętności wśród duchowieństwa. Muzyka sakralna, zaniedbywana na kolejnych poziomach kształcenia, zostaje uznana za kwestię wtórną i nieważną; tymczasem posiada ona nader doniosłe znaczenie w szeroko rozumianym procesie ewangelizacji. Zorientowana na permanentną nowoczesność masowa i popularna kultura amerykańska stanowi wyzwanie dla chorału gregoriańskiego oraz wartościowych dzieł muzycznych.

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Veche and the terms “All Pskov” and “Pskov Men”: The Russian Medieval City Assembly as a Communal Structure

Author(s): Alexei A. Vovin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The article focuses on the collective political institution, the veche, of the Russian medieval city of Pskov. The author argues that the horizontal political ties within that city prevailed over the vertical ones in the period before its subjugation to the Muscovite State in 1510. Pskov is put into a broad comparative perspective which results in the conclusion by the author that the development of Pskov in the fourteenth–fifteenth centuries very closely resembled that kind of urban synoecism which was practiced by Western European communes in their early stage of development (eleventh–twelfth centuries). It means, first, that the Russian Middle Ages repeated in some important features that which had occurred in Western Europe, and, second, that it happened not due to a borrowing of political institutions (as was the case with many East European countries) but independently because of similar conditions arising, albeit after a two-century delay.

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Ontogeneza glavnog junaka u Ibn Ṭufaylovom Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓānu

Author(s): Samedin Kadić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 24/2020

This text presents the development of the main character in the work Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān from his birth, through the processes of learning and (self)cognition, to his encounter with civilization. The text examines the possibilities of Islamic anthropology within the frame of the mentioned development. In order to confirm the premise that all people are by nature good and, therefore, believers, Ibn Ṭufayl decides to make an experiment of isolated fiṭrah in the natural environment in order to protect it from any cultural influence. The isolation is radical. Ḥayy is no genius, he is an ordinary man. His faith is preserved fiṭrah. Religion, on the other hand, is a routinized faith. Religion, as an immanent social phenomenon, has the potential to corrupt faith, because culture distorts the fiṭrah. Hence, Ibn Ṭufayl’s text reveals some of the most intrinsic tensions of the muwaḥḥidūn project itself: the fear of trivializing and deforming living faith in a social conglomerate of various religious forms.

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Džabirijeva hermeneutika: - Epistemološko čitanje Ibn Rušdova teksta

Author(s): Orhan Bajraktarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2018

Epistemology is a theory of sciences, their methods and systematization. This is not a text about epistemology, its sources, meanings, texts and contexts, but about the scope and frontiers of this term in Jābiriʼs epistemological reading of Ibn Rushdʼs philosophy. This text also discusses its role as an essential aspect of Neo-Arabic tradition and culture in our time. In Jābiriʼs view there is a special linguistic system in Arabic-Islamic philosophy known as bayān. In the formative phase of Islam (ʽaṣr tadwīn) this linguistic system spread to all sciences and disciplines such as grammar, law, theology, language and style. In this context, Jābiri thinks that all the questions, areas, themes and subjects of Ibn Rushdʼs text may be reduced to forms and figures in the complex relationship between philosophy and religion: the purpose of the commentaries and summaries of Aristotleʼs works was to bring Aristotle and philosophy closer to the mentality and understanding of the Arabic-Muslim public opinion.

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Pomerania in the Medieval and Renaissance Cartography – from the Cottoniana to Eilhard Lubinus

Author(s): Adam Krawiec / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper is a new attempt at a new look at the issues related to the image of Pomerania in medieval and renaissance cartography. The breakpoints of the analysis are marked by the appearance of the first attempt to more clearly describe the areas on the southern Baltic coast on the world map known as Cottoniana (11th century), and on the other hand, the map by Eilhard Lubinus (1618), which was the most perfect early-modern cartographic representation of the Duchy of Pomerania, and at the same time formally stood on the border of Renaissance cartography and 17th-century “cartography of measurement”. The overview of the presentation of the cartographic image of Pomerania has been divided into sub-chapters relating to various categories of maps. The first one concerns medieval encyclopedic-symbolic maps, and especially the possible reasons for not including the name of Pomerania on the vast majority of maps in this category. In the following subsections were studied nautical maps, late medieval Ptolemaic maps and the so-called transitional maps, renaissance cartography and early modern separate maps of Pomerania. Particular attention was paid to the way the name of Pomerania was understood by cartographers and to the ways of inserting the discussed regions into wider spatial contexts.

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Неизвестная сокращенная редакция рассказа о нападениях на Царьград

Author(s): Denitsa Petrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2021

The Story from the attacks against Tsarigrad is composed in Byzantium in the 9th c. and enters in the structure of the Triodion. Probably it is translated into Slavonic language in the beginning of the 14th c. in Athos. It is known for many copies from the 14th – 18th c. Is known a shortened redaction of the Story in two Bulgarian Prologues Church-Historical and Archival Institute No 294 and Church-Historical and Archival Institute No 295. In two manuscripts in Russian State Library collection 247 No 461 and Russian State Library collection 247 No 528 there is another shortened version, different from the already known. So far has not been published or studied. This variant of the Story is an example of the widespread distribution of the writing in the 16th c. The unknown short redaction is an important period in the history of the text and it must to be explicitly explored.

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THE AMALFITANS IN BYZANTIUM: MERCHANTS, MONKS, AND POLITICAL FIGURES, 9th – 13th CENTURY

Author(s): Liliana Simeonova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

In the tenth through the thirteenth century, trade ties in the Mediterranean world were strengthened by a vast trade network that sprawled over the entire coastal area. The Amalfitans played a major role in its creation and subsequent enlargement. Constantinople, which was the nexus of transmarine trade in the Eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea region, became an important outpost of the Amalfitan merchants, who plied their trade in the Mediterranean. Although Amalfi never was a ‘Byzantine dominion’ in the strictest sense of the word, it managed to forge a special relationship with the Empire, which was both enduring and mutually advantageous. Byzantium, for its part, strove to keep Amalfi in its sphere of influence by bestowing imperial titles upon Amalfitans. In the course of time, Amalfi became one of the rising commercial powers in the Mediterranean world, with a mercantile class that was wealthy and politically influential, not just at home but in Constantinople and Egypt as well. As the network of their commercial contacts sprawled across the Mediterranean world, the Amalfitans became active in diplomacy, cultural patronage, charities, religious affairs and monasticism, translation and transmission of texts. The work of Amalfitan translators in Byzantium contributed to the strengthening of the ties between the eastern and western Christians. From the late 900s to the late 1200s there were Amalfitan religious establishments in Byzantium. Prominent eleventh- and twelfth-century Amalfitans took upon themselves the realization of important political tasks while acting as patrons of arts, literature, and charitable works. Their manifold activities made them highly visible in Mediterranean history. In the twelfth century, the gradual decline of Amalfi’s Levantine trade had an impact on Constantinople.

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"The Beginnings of Polish Jewry: Reevaluating the Evidence for the Eleventh to Fourteenth Centuries"

Author(s): Alexander Kulik,Judith Kalik / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This article reexamines the evidence of Jewish presence in Poland from the eleventh to the fourteenth centuries in connection with problems of origins, periodization, and localization of Jewish settlement in Poland. It deals inter alia with questions regarding the balance between Jewish and Christian evidence, as well as with reports of Jewish presence from neighboring areas of Eastern Europe such as Kievan Rus’. The reevaluation of evidence on medieval Polish Jews helps to illuminate the origins of eastern Ashkenazi Jewry, as well as to clarify diverse aspects of the history of early Eastern Europe. Thus, for example, among the most important general conclusions is the lack of continuity across three waves of Jewish migration and settlement in Poland. Since most Polish Jews were descendants of the third wave of Jewish migration into Poland, there is little doubt that the vast majority of them came from Germany and Bohemia, mostly via Silesia. We can also reliably conjecture that the Jewish population of southwestern Rus’—whatever its origins (possibly also at least partially Ashkenazi) and size (possibly reduced by the Mongol conquest)— came to be integrated with immigrants from the west due to the eastward expansion of Lithuania and Poland during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Thus, most modern Ashkenazi Jewry must go back to the melding of these two communities.

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Arheološka istraživanja crkve sv. Petra i njezina okoliša u Starigradu Paklenici

Author(s): Radomir Jurić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2013

In the article are presented the brief results of many years of archaeological research into and around the Church of St. Peter in Starigrad Paklenica. It is particularly highlighted that Prof.Ante Glavičić also dealt with this sacral structure. Early Mediaeval and Late Mediaeval phases of the church have been confirmed. To date 215 graves have been explored with finds (especially jewellery) from the early Middle Ages to the 19th century. It was emphasised that the church and bell tower are entirely preserved.

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Neka pitanja iz povijesti Senja

Author(s): Željko Bartulović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2007

In its introductory part, the author considers the history of the town of Senj in its ancient period with a considerable attention to the inhabitants and position of Senia. The author then goes on to discuss the position of the town in the Middle Ages till the time of the Templars, their time, and especially the Templars' rights over the town, and their dispute with the authorities of the town. In the end he considers the power of the Counts of Krk over Senj by the year 1469, the time of their rule and after.

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