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Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji o medijskom izveštavanju o procesu Vojislavu Šešelju u Hagu

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Početak suđenja Vojislavu Šešelju u Haškom tribunalu (7. novembar 2007), u većini medija u Srbiji najavljivan je i iščekivan pre svega kao prvorazredni medijski događaj, spektakl, odličan performans u kome glavnu ulogu ima 'naš čovek" , uz to pravnik, i koji će, sasvim izvesno, uspešno da "privede pravdi" haške tužitelje. Šešelj je optužen za zločine nad Muslimanima i Hrvatima u Hrvatskoj, Vojvodini i BiH 1991-93, koji su počinjeni u okviru "zajedničkog zločinačkog poduhvata" čiji je cilj bilo trajno uklanjanje nesrba i stvaranje proširene srpske države. Adrenalin Šešelja, oslobođen nakon 4,5 godina iščekivanja suđenja i potom usmeren koliko na hašku sudnicu, toliko i na srpsku javnost, naišao je, sa retkim izuzecima, na dobrodošlicu medija u Srbiji koji su se (posebno tabloidi) nadmetali u variranju Šešeljevih "dosetki" i divljenju njegovoj "retorici". Suđenje Šešelju jeste, po svojoj prirodi, veliki medijski događaj i nije nerazumljivo što mu je dat veliki publicitet, ili što je na samom početku tog suđenja drugi program RTS-a bio najgledaniji (čak gledaniji od rialiti šoa "Veliki brat"), što su svi mediji zabeležili. Obaveza medija jeste da informiše javnost, ali je problem u tome što je izveštaje sa suđenja Šešelju, veliki deo štampe u Srbiji prenosila ili "ravno", bez objašnjenja i ograda od kvalifikacija koje je on iznosio na suđenju i bez podsećanja na ideologiju optuženog i njegove stranke (SRS), ili senzacionalistički, uz opremanje izveštaja tako da se sugeriše nadmoć Šešelja i inferiornost Tribunala. U domišljanju naslova, tabloidi su često koristili sportsku terminologiju u kojoj je Šešelj, naravno, pobednik.

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Zaklanjanje iza istorije

Author(s): Vladimir P. Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Suđenje Vojislavu Šešelju je počelo dvodnevnom razmenom uvodnih reči tužiteljke Kristine Dal i optuženog. Ovi višesatni monolozi, čija je funkcija da najave tok procesa, naznače pozicije strana i osvetle njihove strategije, prikazani su naposletku na Drugom programu RTS-a. Prvog dana snimak je pratilo, kažu, pola miliona ljudi, drugog nešto manje od četiri stotine hiljada. Ukoliko su ove procene tačne, biće da je suđenje pred ekrane privuklo četiri puta više građana Srbije nego što je potpisalo zahtev za njegovo direktno prenošenje. Teško je reći koliko su gledaoci zaista bili zakovani za televizore, a gotovo je nemoguće proceniti šta su pri tom mislili, osećali i saznali. Izvesno je, međutim, da je Vojislav Šešelj, osokoljen ovom publikom, nastojao da odgovori njenim očekivanjima. "Ja se obraćam publici u Srbiji", eksplicirao je pred sam početak suđenja. "A Zapad me uopšte ne interesuje. Sa Zapada je kroz vekove samo zlo dolazilo Srbiji."

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Mediji, izvještavanje i rodne uloge

Author(s): Belma Buljubašić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Društvene uloge medija su mnogostruke i mediji su važan dio našeg života, bez obzira na to da li smo pasionirani medijski konzumenti ili medijske sadržaje pratimo usputno. Kao osnovne uloge medija u društvu izdvajamo: obrazovnu, informativnu i zabavljačku. Medijske uloge se, svakako, mogu dodatno proširiti, što su učinili i brojni vodeći autori iz oblasti komunikologije (Rus-Mol, Zagorac-Keršer, Vreg, itd.) i svaka od tih funkcija se može detaljno interpretirati i analizirati.

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Wirtualna rzeczywistość jako katalizator motywacji turystycznych - przykład spadochroniarstwa

Author(s): Marta Pilarczyk / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Brak możliwości przetestowania produktu turystycznego przed jego konsumpcją i nieświadomy charakter niektórych motywacji turystycznych to jedne z głównych problemów, z jakimi zmagają się przedsiębiorcy w branży turystycznej. Prowadzi to do poszukiwań nowych rozwiązań i nowych środków reklamy, które zachęciłyby potencjalnych turystów do określonych aktywności turystycznych. Jednym z takich rozwiązań jest, wykorzystywana już w turystyce, technologia wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja wpływu wirtualnej rzeczywistości na motywację uczestnictwa w turystyce ekstremalnej. Omówione zostało zarówno pojęcie turystyki ekstremalnej, zagadnienie motywacji turystycznych, jak i istota wirtualnej rzeczywistości. Po dokonaniu przeglądu literatury przedmiotu z tego zakresu przedstawiono wyniki eksperymentu z wykorzystaniem gogli VR, na podstawie którego wskazano na istotne przesłanki stosowania wirtualnej rzeczywistości w procesie kształtowania motywacji turystycznych.

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The Second Generation’s Discovery of Transnational Politics via Social Media

Author(s): Necdet Coşkun Aldemir / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The term “transnational politics” first began to emerge in the literature in the early 1970s with a focus on the changing patterns in the world politics and strategic linkages between states and non-state actors (see: Rosenau, 1969; Kaiser, 1971). Even in these early diagnoses, it was presupposed that there had been a growing -cultural, financial and political- interaction between diverse actors in the societies of different nation-states. Without a doubt, within the contemporary global processes that call into question the sovereignty of the nation-states, which are conceptualized as “denationalization” (Sassen, 1996; 2003) or “postnational” model (Soysal, 1994), transnational politics is much more influential in today’s global political conjuncture and its importance is increasingly growing. The changing conditions of current global politics empower the positions of NGOs, interest groups and non-state actors and signify the emergence of new players in the global political arena. Within this context, migrants’ transnational political practices gain particular significance and not only do they now more directly affect the way in which home countries’ policy-making processes are shaped, but they also have a considerable impact on the positionalities of the countries of residence and on the global public opinion at large.

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Grounded theory and transnational audience reception

Author(s): Deniz Özalpman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to shed new light on debates about Turkish migration studies using a grounded theory (GT) method. My case study for this research is Magnificent Century, an internationally viewedand acclaimed popular television series that refers to the sixteenth century Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent associated with the pinnacle of Ottoman power in the world. The series dramatize the intrigues of his harem and court and most of the incidents and actions are based on real events and fictionalised subplots.

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Peace Journalism or War Journalism: Representation of Refugees in Turkish Media

Author(s): Arda Umut Saygın / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Brutal conflicts in Middle-East and Africa has created a huge flow of migration to other countries which actually cause for Europe a serious refugee crisis since the II World War. In this process, due to its geographical region Turkey has become an important destination by refugees both for living in it and for using it as a transit point. Therefore, Turkish public is now familiar with the refugee issue because Turkey is hosting almost 3 million Syrian refugees, according to UN data (http://data.unhcr.org/ syrianrefugees/regional.php). By living in the same environment, refugees sometimes may face relatively little hostility and experience otherness in the public. On the other hand, there is also feeling in Turkish public which shows their philosophy of brotherhood that they have to accept the refugees in their lives because of the same cultural, religious and historical heritage. However, while it is possible to come across media contents about refugees almost every day, the mass media imposes a very dangerous picture about refugees. In the media, refugees mostly are seen as a problem, are shown with attention to the racist and intolerant events, and are not viewed with their painful living conditions. All these unfriendly approaches of mediaand its conflict orientation are the indicators of war journalism actually.

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Gentrification in Istanbul and its (In)adequate Mediation of “Distant” Suffering - a Documentary Analysis

Author(s): Isabelle Mariacher / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Istanbul was once home to various ethnic and religious minorities, such as Armenians, Greeks, Roma, Jews and others. The population exchange between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the wealth tax in 1942, the Istanbul riots in 1955 and the Armenian Genocide during and after World War I played an important part in the migration processes of Jews, Armenians, Greeks and other minority groups (Sakizlioglu and Uitermark, 2014; Powell, 2014; Kreiser and Neumann, 2006). Several sources verify that the gentrification processes in some areas of Istanbul have their roots exactly in these migration patterns (Ergün, 2004; Islam et al., 2010; Sakizlioglu and Uitermark, 2014). The term migration, of course, is problematic in this context, because it “tends to obscure the fact that our firms and government agencies, and those of our allies, may have contributed to expulsions” (Sassen, 2013, p.1). Saskia Sassen (2015) detects a proliferation of urban transformations in big cities around the world and Sakizlioglu and Uitermark (2014), as well as Islam et al. (2010) even confirm an accelerated urban transformation for Istanbul.

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Migration and Security: Three Capitals and Three Terrorist Attacks as Reflected in the Press

Author(s): Filiz Goktuna Yaylaci,Mine Karakuş Yetkin,Melis Karakuş / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

On October 10, 2015 a rally named “Peace right now against War, Peace, Labour Democracy” was organized at one of the central squares of Ankara the Capital of Turkey. The gathering place for the rally was at the gate of Central Station. At 10:04 as the crowds gathered and passengers were getting out of the newly arrived train two suicide attacks occurred. The attack was described as the deadliest throughout the history of the Turkish Republic. 103 people lost their lives 246 injured. The attack was claimed by ISIS.

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WHOSE DIASPORA? RETHINKING DIASPORA POLITICS: CHINA’S OVERSEAS CHINESE ENGAGEMENT IN TRANSNATIONAL SPACES

Author(s): Carsten Schäfer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In recent years, migration studies have increasingly started to draw attention to diaspora strategies pursued by nation states. Indeed, diaspora policies are becoming a common phenomenon in the globalized world: Large sending states such as China long have developed policies intended to embrace and control “their diaspora”. Using the example of Chinese migrants in Austria, this article focusses on China’s policies towards overseas Chinese and the complex transnational environments in which they unfold and evolve: How are these policies put into practice? And what actors exert influence on these processes? The mixed-method approach of this study is based on a qualitative content analysis of two Chinese language weeklies in Austria (Europe Weekly, hereafter: EW, and the Huaxinbao, HXB), of the Austrian Chinese internet forums www.achina.at (AC) and www.outuo.net (OT), as well as of Chinese state media. Included into the analysis are articles and postings that focus on activities of overseas Chinese organizations (mainly in Austria), on meetings between Chinese migrants and Chinese state officials, as well as on China’s overseas Chinese strategies. In addition, the analysis includes a critical interpretation and analysis of official Chinese documents, official statements by Chinese politicians, teaching materials for Chinese cadres, official publications on China’s diaspora politics, as well as of Chinese language research conducted in China.

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SOCIAL MEDIA USE IN LGBTQI MOVEMENTS IN TURKEY

Author(s): Sinan Aşçı / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

To deepen our understanding of the relationship between social media and political movements since 2013 when Gezi Park Protests sparked as a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Turkey, events must have been situated in a larger context of media use and recent history of online activism. Since that day, the most successful social movements in Turkey were those using social media to expand networks of disaffected people, broker relations between activists, and globalize the resources. By this way, social media afforded those people the means to shape repertoires of contention, frame the issues, propagate unifying symbols, and transform online activism into offline protests. Because of being apparently excluded in all the forms of mass media, dissenting voices tend to form alternative spheres creating a different public sphere, a type of public sphere which is increasing the possibilities for a public articulation of experience. As a way of “survey research,” social media accounts of LGBTQI NGOs in Twitter, as an online public sphere, were observed in a meta analysis way. Data collected from this first-hand observation was evaluated with the help of content analysis techniques. The survey sample was designated with these accounts’ names, number of posts, followers, and other/optional information stated in the accounts specifically belonging to the platform. Based on the data, this chapter aims to analyze what LGBTQI individuals generate for resistance, and how they have used social media in their movements since 2013, precisely based on the use of social media platform mentioned above during Pride Weeks in subjected years. The findings shed light on the social media use and habits of LGBTQI communities.

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Migration, Integration and Power. The Image of “the Dumb Swede” in Swede Hollow and the Image of Contemporary New Swedes in One Eye Red and She Is Not Me

Author(s): Maria Bäcke / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Immigrant voices rarely get their time in the spotlight in mainstream media and therefore their stories rarely get the reception needed for the general public to understand what it is like to be an immigrant or a refugee, but this literary analysis of three novels-Ola Larsmo’s Swede Hollow (2016), Jonas Hassen Khemiri’s Ett Öga Rött [One Eye Red, my transl.] (2003) and Golnaz Hashemzadeh’s She Is Not Me (2015)-shows how literature can provide precisely that perspective. Swede Hollow maps a time of Swedish late 19th century and early 20th century immigration into the United States. Extensively researched and based on authentic, contemporary sources, Larsmo highlights the characters’ toil and hardships in the new country, but he also shows their paths to becoming established U.S. citizens. The two latter novels are written by authors who themselves are well acquainted with contemporary migration and integration issues and processes in Sweden. Khemiri is of Swedish Tunisian origin and his novel portrays immigrant life in a Swedish multiethnic suburb of Stockholm with a 15-year-old boy, Halim, as its main character. The Hashemzadeh family’s country of origin is Iran and Golnaz Hashemzadeh arrived in Sweden at the age of three. Her semi autobiographical novel She Is Not Me portrays “the Girl’s” journey growing up in Swedish almost exclusively white and middle-class Gustavsberg, and her ambition as she was accepted at the most prestigious universities in Sweden, but also the costs for her personally.

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Tuna dergisi ve göç edebiyatına bir bakış - yazar ve şair Zahit Güney’in göç ile ilgili yazıları üzerine

Author(s): Cahit Kahraman,Ilhan Güneş / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bulgaristan Türkleri ve göç hep iç içe olmuş bir olgudur. Osmanlı-Rus savaşı sonrası yoğun göç dalgaları başlamış, en son 1989 göçüne kadar sürmüştür. Türkiye ve Bulgaristan arasında imzalanan ikili antlaşmalarla 1950-51 yıllarında göç devam etmiş ve bu göç sırasında parçalanan aileleri birleştirmek amacıyla 1969- 1978 yılları arasında yoğun olarak sürmüştür (Akgün, 2011, s.76). Son Göç veya Büyük Göç olarak da bilinen 1989 Bulgaristan Türklerinin göçü, bu göçün canlı tanıkları yüz binlerce göçmenin hafızasında yaşamakta olduğu gibi, yüzlerce yazar ve şairin kalemlerinde halen canlanmaktadır. Hayriye S. Yenisoy, “1989 Bulgaristan’ın gerçekleştirdiği geniş kapsamlı zorunlu göçün sebeplerini 1984/85 olaylarında aramamız gerektiğini” belirtir (Kırcaali Haber, 16 Haziran 2010, s.3). 1989 Bulgaristan Türklerinin göçü zorunlu göç kapsamındadır ve iki ülke arasında bir antlaşma olmaması bu göçü özel ve farklı kılmaktadır.

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Suriyeli Çocukların Erken Yaşta Evlilik Haberlerinin Türk Yazılı Basınında Sunumu

Author(s): Gülay Acar Yurtman / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Suriye’deki savaştan kaçıp Türkiye’ye sığınan ve sayıları üç milyonu aşan Suriyeli mültecilerin önemli bir kısmını 18 yaşından küçük çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Bu çocuklar beslenme, barınma, sağlık, eğitim gibi sorunların yanında cinsel istismara da maruz kalmakta ve erken yaşta evlenmek zorunda bırakılmaktadırlar. Gerek sığınma kamplarında gerekse dışarıda yaşam mücadelesi veren bu çocuklar içerisinde, özellikle kız çocukları “başlık parası” ve “bakım yükünden kurtulma” gibi nedenlerle erken yaşta imam nikâhı kıyılarak eş ya da kuma olmaya zorlanmaktadır. Bu durum çocukluğun erken yaşta yitirilmesine, yüksek riskli gebeliğe, evlilik içi tecavüz vakalarına, çocuğun psikolojik ve bedenen kaldıramayacağı travmalar yaşamasına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca imam nikahı ile evlilik adı altında başlık parası ödenerek ailelerinden koparılan bu çocukların, bir kısmı çocuk tacirleri tarafından fuhuş yapmaya zorlanmaktadır.

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Média v Československu v letech 1945–1989 a jejich vliv na každodenní život

Author(s): Petr Bednařík / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

From 1945 to 1948 the media in Czechoslovakia lived through rough changes. The system of media was established on the bases that the main publishers of the periodicals were to be only political parties and state institutions. Private enterprise was excluded from the media. The time of changes claimed the existence of many periodicals from the first republic and gave life to some new ones, which were released during the rest of the existence of the communist regime. After the end of the world war a new system was introduced, which rationed paper to issuers and publishers. The system was in existence till 1980s and became a tool to favor some periodicals or authors. Offer did not meet demand and readers had often a problem to buy their favorite magazine or a book of their fancied author. During the fifties the regime started to closely watch over all media information passed forward to Czechoslovak citizens. The Central Press Supervision Office was established to control newspaper, magazines, television and radio broadcasting, screenplays, theater productions and even maps and postcards through precensorship. Citizens were constantly persuaded by the media that the communist regime is the best one and therefore every citizen should support the policy of the Communist party. The television broadcasting started in Czechoslovakia in 1953, but its reach was extended slowly over the territory. The basic net of transmitters was completed in 1961, when the broadcasting incidentally reached the number of one million concessionaires. During the sixties the TV became an increasingly more popular form of spending leisure time and its viewers balanced the number of radio listeners. In the time of Prague spring the media distinctively supported policy of Dubček’s communist leadership. People learned important information about actual political situation from the media. During August 1968 the media also informed people about the Warsaw pact forces invasion. During normalization the media were under control of the communist party and supported its home and foreign policy. From 1970 the TV broadcasted on two channels and the Czechoslovak radio also changed the channel structure, which stayed till the fall of the communist regime.

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Intelektuál v normalizační propagandě Proměny obrazů intelektuála a jejich didaktické využití

Author(s): Jaroslav Pinkas / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

First part of the text focuses on relationship between communist establishment and intellectuals. It describes two instances of intellectual involvement in a project of new society – at first in the bounds of Stalinism in the fifties, then in the bounds of the Socialism with Human Face in the second half of the sixties. Suppression of Prague spring and coming of normalization meant for most of the intellectuals ultimate break up with establishment, which projected itself in the way intellectuals were portrayed. Whereas the presentments of intellectuals in movies and later in television in the fifties and sixties granted them a decent portion of dignity, in seventies and eighties is the intellectual portrayed either as apolitical figure or as a seditious element. Intellectuals were ridiculed and lampooned, their function in society was taken over by other social groups (medicine doctors, educated engineers, party office holders, “wise men of the people”). The main focus of the second part of this text is the utilization of this topic in a classroom. Emphasis is stressed on legitimacy of this topic and its educational value (the values of intellectuals are to a large extent same as the educational objectives of the school). Specific methodical techniques are proposed, especially analyses of final portraits of intellectuals from a movie Hyppo (Hroch, director Karel Steklý) and 30 cases of major Zeman (Třicet případů majora Zemana) (episodes addressing year 1968). Possibility for comparing normalization portrayal of intellectuals with contemporary movies, for example from movie Walking Too Fast (Pouta, 2009, director Radim Špaček) is also introduced. Text also describes other possibilities for combining medial images with memories of personal observers.

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Ekofeminizam o »etici« medijski zataškane priče: utjecaj mesne i mliječne industrije na globalno zatopljenje

Author(s): Suzana Marjanić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

It is evident that the public media address the greenhouse effect exclusively as the issue of gaseous emissions and industrial pollution, while the influence of livestock farming on climate is sparsely addressed (cf. Holm, Jokkala 2008:9). Here I would like to mention that, as emphasized by PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), that in his book, An Inconvenient Truth (2006), Al Gore still did not expound at any length on the fact that global warming is also caused by the meat industry, which is one of the major factors contributing to the environmental disaster (cf. “Clearing a Few Things up for Al Gore”, http). We can emphasise this dichotomic media image of the world with a quote from the “climate” book by Naomi Klein: “In December 2012, a complex system scientist Brad Werner walked up to the podium at the American Geophysics Union to present a paper. It was titled: Is the Earth Fucked? His answer was: Yeah, pretty much.”

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Biografie (nie)normatywne? Czyli o tym, co można ułożyć z biograficznych puzzli w internecie

Author(s): Beata Duda,Ewa Ficek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The authors give careful thought to selected digital “memorial sites” dedicated to distinguished creators of culture, literature and art (and collected under the banner of the KARTA Centre Foundation), such as Witold Lutosławski, Józef Gosławski, Agnieszka Osiecka, Wisława Szymborska, Pola Negri, Jerzy Grzegorzewski or Zofia Rydet. The overview of the collected material has assumed a search for (non)normative biographies, i.e. multi-modal, “patchwork,” “moving” biographies, as well as a confrontation of the observed patterns with well-established modes in biographical writing. What is more, the authors noted the liminal, borderline characteristics of the approaches, styles, genres etc. used today for various discursive practices that evoke or shape the images of the past. The conducted analyses, which have inscribed themselves into the stream of reflections on the phenomenon of the social archive and which are discursively and genologically oriented (cf. the assumptions and research methods of memory linguistics referred to in the text), have provided answers to, among others, the following specific questions: who the social actors reflected in the mirror of biographical archives (i.e. the creators and recipients of archives) are and what are their motivations; which people (and why these particular ones) are commemorated there, as well as through the prism of which objects a person’s profile is built.

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The Persuasive Potential of Storytelling in Professions of Contemporary Communication

Author(s): Stefania Bejan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

An interdisciplinary look on the emotional “portrait” that postmodern society has been offering us for the past decades could use the lens of the authors who imperatively announce the mobilization of emotions by appealing to stories, “heart-opening” histories. The narrative skills held by communication professionals become indispensable in an era of “emotions management”, “emotions marketing”, along with their transformation into goods, ready to be evaluated, quantified, dissected... (É. Illonz). The appeal to emotions is more “human” in a hyper-technological era, communication is personalized in an era of standardization, of informational uniformity. It is also more efficient, since the art of “exploiting” emotions (through psychological persuasion) brings benefits for the purpose of obtaining awareness and the participation of social actors. Practiced in politics, media, business, NGOs etc., the appeal to emotions mobilizes people and humanizes organizations. In this context, we aim to highlight the virtues of emotion management through the storytelling technique in two successful samples: Magic HOME and PRIME.

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Dvije godine poslije

Author(s): Snježana Koren / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Projekt izrade dopunskog materijala za poučavanje najnovije povijesti, utemeljenog na multiperspektivnom pristupu, 2005. godine nije realiziran. Pa ipak, Dodatak je imao svoj život i prije nego što je objavljen. S jedne strane, svakako je dio jedne globalne teme o uporabi povijesti, pa stoga ne čudi što je naišao na interes i izvan granica Hrvatske (dosad smo o njemu govorili na više međunarodnih skupova u Japanu, SAD-u, Italiji, Austriji, Njemačkoj, Velikoj Britaniji, Bosni i Hercegovini). S druge strane, Dodatak je u Hrvatskoj otvorio debate o poučavanju najnovije povijesti i pomogao da ova tema, kada je riječ o nastavi povijesti, znatno više nego prije postane dijelom javne domene. To je tim značajnije što je rasprava o njemu - kao i mnoge druge koje su se tijekom posljednjih petnaestak godina vodile o nastavi povijesti - započela s upravo suprotnim ciljem: onemogućavanja kritičkog sagledavanja otvorenih pitanja iz suvremene povijesti i nametanja određenih stavova. No neposredni utjecaj ovih rasprava bio je dvojak.

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