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Zdalne rozprawy – zapewnienie równości wobec zjawiska wykluczenia cyfrowego

Author(s): Ewa M. Kwiatkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The pandemic has changed the way society functions, affecting the system of justice as well. The need to maintain social distance has accelerated changes in the judiciary. Remote hearings have emerged. The article attempts to answer the question of whether the e-hearings currently taking place are held in accordance with the principle of equality in view of the phenomenon of digital exclusion occurring in Polish society. An empirical study of remote hearings conducted by a student research group and the author’s own experience in this field make up the empirical resources documenting the technical issues that occur during remote hearings and problems related to digital exclusion.

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Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11: An important debate that is anticipated to continue for some time Commentary to the debate: “Behavioral addictions in the ICD-11”

Author(s): Matthias Brand,Marc N. Potenza / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

The Journal of Behavioral Addictions featured a debate on the topic of “behavioral addictions in ICD-11” in 2022. Three main debate papers were published and a total of eleven commentaries. One main topic of considerations in the three debate papers and in the majority of commentaries was compulsive sexual behavior disorder. The debate was balanced, collegial and conducted at a high scientific level. Although there are some disagreements regarding specific details, all authors consider more research on behavioral addictions as important. This scientific debate has been and continues to be enormously important to behavioral addiction research and clinical practice.

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How expected and experienced reward and relief contribute to gaming-related mental imagery and gaming frequency in daily life: Testing a dual pathway hypothesis

Author(s): Annika Brandtner,Silke M. Müller,Matthias Brand / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Research on the development of gaming disorder assumes that the quality of reinforcement learning as well as the content of use expectancies are initially rewarding in the early stages of the addictive behavior and becomes steadily more compensatory in the later stages. This assumed transition could be reflected in gaming-related mental imagery as well as the decision to play videogames in daily life. Methods: We recruited 127 individuals who play videogames. Following a strict diagnostic procedure, individuals were either classified as showing casual or at-risk gaming patterns. The experience and expectancy of reward and relief were assessed in the laboratory, followed by a 14-day ambulatory assessment asking for gaming-related mental imagery intensity and playing frequency. Besides group differences, we tested a gratification and a compensation pathway in a structural equation model among groups separately. Results: Results indicate that mental imagery and playing frequency as well as reinforcement processes and use expectancies are heightened among individuals showing at-risk gaming patterns as compared to casual gaming patterns. Gaming-related mental imagery was only predicted by compensation among individuals showing casual gaming patterns, and we found no significant predictions for daily gaming frequency in any of the models. Discussion and conclusions: The results implicate that individuals with at-risk gaming patterns might hold stronger learned reinforcement contingencies. Daily usage seems unaffected by these contingencies, possibly indicative of habitualized behaviors. Additionally, the results provide some support for the consideration of imaginal desire thoughts as a specific coping mechanism in the context of gaming behaviors.

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Kontekstualizacja użyć nazwy barszcz ukraiński w mediach społecznościowych po 24 lutego 2022 roku

Author(s): Weronika Gocłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2023

The aim of the paper is to show how the connotations and marking of the term barszcz ukraiński on social media were changing after the war in Ukraine had started. Research material features a wide spectrum of posts from various social media posted in the first weeks of the conflict and in April and July 2022 (right after the key events for the functioning of the term under review here). Social media constitute a space that is most frequently chosen by Internet users for commenting on important events and sociopolitical situation or reacting to current trends. The form of social media posts is casual, direct, concise and not stripped of the emotions of those who write them. Because of that, the analysis of the research material clearly shows the transformation of meaning from a culinary term, used in an informational function to a term of a symbolic meaning. The analysis of Internet sources is preceded by a discussion of the functioning of the lexeme barszcz (borcht) and the analytical term barszcz ukraiński in the Polish language starting from the earliest times to the modernity, which allows for the presentation of the evolution of the meaning from a botanical name to a culinary one.

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TV debate u Srbiji posle 2012. godine: demokratska fasada ili platforma za dijalog?

Author(s): Bojan Klačar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 30/2023

The paper analyses whether TV debates after 2012 elections enhanced political dialogue and offered a credible platform for equal political treatment of political parties in the context of an unequal political competition and biased media (towards the ruling party). The subject of the paper is a detailed analysis of 22 ‘Word on Word’ election debates in terms of their issue framework, equality of participants, influence (through a case study of the 2022 election), the difference between parliamentary and presidential debates and the role of debates in the wider media environment. The author examines whether the debates encouraged changes in the media environment and whether they led to the improvement of media environment. Specifically, the purpose was to determine whether these debates could provide a credible platform for political dialogue or whether they are a democratic `façade`, as described by a part of the critically oriented public. The analysis takes into account the context that the opposition exists and that there are no systematic obstructions to its work and participation in the elections. On the other hand, the dominance of the ruling parties in terms of resources and the ability to influence the disintegrating processes in the opposition has led to unequal treatment and unfair political competition.

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Slaviša Orlović, Nadziranje demokratije

Author(s): Dušan Spasojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 30/2023

Review of: Slaviša Orlović, Monitoring Democracy, Faculty of Political Science and Clio, Belgrade, 2023, p. 394

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Remote Hearings - Ensuring Equality in Light of the Phenomenon of Digital Exclusion

Author(s): Ewa M. Kwiatkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

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SLIKA JUGOSLOVENSKOG DRUŠTVA U ČASOPISIMA LIFE I TIME 1945–1980.

Author(s): Sanja Lukić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2024

The representation of Yugoslavia and its populace in Life and Time magazines from the end of World War II until the rise of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in 1945 and the subsequent death of President Josip Broz Tito in 1980 was characterized by fluctuations that aligned with the volatility of relations between Washington and Belgrade. The accession of the communist regime to power was viewed as a foreseeable outcome, as the population of this region of Europe, due to their impoverished and uneducated state, was believed to be ill-equipped to comprehend and embrace the concept of democracy. Consequently, individuals were selectively chosen to be depicted in a positive light when Yugoslavia was once again considered an ally following the conflict with the Cominform in 1948. Nevertheless, the representation of the Yugoslav people was brief and superficial, lacking in any true endeavor to demonstrate empathy for their situation and hardships. In spite of efforts to showcase certain favorable aspects, the representation of Yugoslavia that evolved over time in the magazines was predominantly consistent with the Cold War preconceptions that Americans associated with communism. This representation was infused with elements of nineteenth-century imperial Balkanism, indicating that Life and Time were disinclined to deviate far from the predetermined framework and societal roles assigned to them.

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Sprawozdanie ze zdalnego seminarium „Transmedial Second-Person Narratives”

Author(s): Magdalena Rembowska-Płuciennik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Report on the conference "Transmedial Second-Person Narratives" held on March 9, 2023 via Zoom platform.

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Bikiniarze w „Przekroju”. Podwójna narracja

Author(s): Katarzyna Stefańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Th is article attempts to describe the fi rst Polish subculture that appeared in the Polish People’s Republic in 1948–1956. Bikiniarze were characterized on the basis of 300 issues of the “Przekrój” magazine, published during the apogee of this subculture. Th e choice of this journal is justifi ed by the desire to look at bikiniarze through the prism of a magazine which in communist times served as a “safety valve” and was not the right hand of the Polish authorities, which demanded the creation of a negative image of bikiniarze as presented in party press publications such as: “Sztandar Młodych”, “Trybuna Ludu”, or “Po Prostu”. Th e characteristics of the subculture focus mainly on the image of a man — a bikiniarz, who is a symbol of this subculture and includes both a specifi c way of dressing and behaving, as well as lifestyle. Th e article also touches on the issue of a certain ambiguity of “Przekrój” itself, which is visible in the example of the magazine’s attitude towards this subculture. Th is magazine played a certain game with censorship and resorted to various measures to smuggle non-propaganda content, including those about bikiniarze, who were oppressed by the authorities on its pages. Th is was done, for instance, by using: satire, fairy tales or poems.

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Katarzyna Kłosińska, Rafał Zimny, Przemysław Żukiewcz, Headlines of the Public Television News Service in Poland from 2016 to 2017 - A Pragmatic Linguistic Analysis

Author(s): Katarzyna Wyrwas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Review of: Katarzyna Kłosińska, Rafał Zimny, Przemysław Żukiewcz, Headlines of the Public Television News Service in Poland from 2016 to 2017 - A Pragmatic Linguistic Analysis, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 2022, ss. 161

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Obraz życia społecznego w Dąbiu nad Nerem w latach 1932-1939 w świetle doniesień „Gazety Kolskiej”

Author(s): Jacek Biskupski / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2023

The lack of source materials enabling reconstruction of the history of individual cities, towns, associations and organizations means that nowadays the press is used, which is sometimes the only source of information. This is also the case of the town of Dąbia nad Nerem and the organizations and associations operating in it, which had a significant impact on the social life of the interwar period. From the information available in “Gazeta Kolska”, which was published in the years 1932-1939, we learn about several important organizations and associations that shaped the image of life in this settlement.

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VIRTUELNA LJUBAV

Author(s): Ana Đorđević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2020

The basic focus of the following paper is the phenomenon of virtual love, whose specificities will be percolated through the prism of historical analysis of the relevant social representations and features, as well as the occurence and development of virtual realities. The adopted theoretical framework is cultural-historical psychology, which positions psychological phenomena in the historical streamlines of social and cultral transformation, on whose epochal thresholds emerge new forms of human subjectivity. In the first part of the paper, virtual reality will be considered as an “intentional world”, which is generically determined by interactivity. In the second part, love is observed as a historical phenomenon, whose psychological, social and societal characteristics are found culturally specific. Additionally, the overview of different historical forms of love in the dominant Western society will be given. In the end, the ways in which we can understand particular, mostly relational, features of virtual love will be analyzed. Key aspects of virtual love, perceived in the relation between I and the Other, individual and society, virtual and actual, will be considered as inherently conflictual.

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A worker, a peasant, but mainly a friend. Portraying The New (?) Soviet Woman in a Polish female periodical in the 1940s-1950s

Author(s): Valentina Parisi / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2023

Departing from the notion of the “making of a socialist type of personality”, the article traces out an unparalleled, comparative analysis of the female image as it has been fashioned during the post-war period by the Soviet magazine “Krestjanka” (“Peasant”, founded in 1922) and by its Polish counterpart “Przyjaciółka” (“Friend”), established in 1948. In particular, it analyses the shift from the highly recognizable roles Soviet ideologists were pleading for by dividing women between “workers” and “peasants” (as synthesized by the very titles of the two most popular female periodicals in the USSR) to a more complex image of “friend”. In the People’s Republic of Poland (PRL) ideological propaganda went along with the attempt to give voice to women themselves. In this perspective letters addressed by the readers to the editorial board became a main feature of the magazine itself, turning it into a discussion platform which played an essential role in overcoming of the trauma of war.

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Specific Problems Posed by Drama Translation: Translating and Adapting Samuel Beckett’s Krapp’s Last Tape for the Radio. A Case Study

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Specific Problems Posed by Drama Translation: Translating and Adapting Samuel Beckett’s Krapp’s Last Tape for the Radio. A Case Study

Author(s): Denisa Morariu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The present article aims at presenting features specific to translating dramatic texts, the peculiarities of the genre and how these can be tackled in the process of translating. The case study comprises an analysis of the translation and adaptation for radio broadcasting of Samuel Beckett’s Krapp’s Last Tape. Theoreticians have constantly pointed out that drama translators should always focus on the performability, speakability, gestural and aural dimensions of the text, given that the final product has to be playable in front of an audience. The ultimate goal is to obtain a text that sounds natural and is easily understood, where the aural and gestural dimensions fit and work together. In order to make the translated text performable in another medium, certain changes are necessary. In the present case study – adapting a play for radio broadcasting –, everything visual becomes aural, and in this process stage directions are the most challenging to be handled. Adding, omitting or rephrasing are options that the translator has to constantly consider.

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Translation of Problematic Humour in Gender-Focused Bewitched

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Translation of Problematic Humour in Gender-Focused Bewitched

Author(s): Lorena Oprița / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Broadcast from the early 1960s until the early 1970s, Bewitched was brought into being with the intention of providing the conventional American family with a constructive emotional outlet for when they would all gather around the TV and spend quality time together. The key demographic at that time consisted of young to middle-aged couples or newlyweds with or without children, basically the real-life versions of the characters portrayed in the show. Nowadays, the target audience has considerably diminished in number as the beloved TV series is no longer on TV. It remains available online for cinephiles and movie amateurs alike. The aim of this article is to methodically translate and analyse the potential setbacks of various comic and outdated instances encountered in the TV show Bewitched. It also consists of a thorough investigation of possible problematic linguistic aspects, as well as different sources of humour. Moreover, the target audience will be provided with alternatives in translation and additional explanations and reasonings behind the choices made.

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Красота просторечия (на материале текстов массовой культуры)

Author(s): Tatiana Kananowicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 183/2023

In the article, the widespread occurrence of substandard language in the Russian public space is related to changes in cultural paradigms and the uprising of a new type of culture — a mass (popular) one. The formation of the new paradigm is accompanied by changes in the statuses of the sender and the receiver. The last one gains the right to speak his own language and this language is a substandard one. In the article, the extracts from the mass culture texts are discussed, in which substandard language becomes an element of aesthetics and poetics, which leads to changes in the reception of beauty and ugliness in language.

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Muzea w pandemii: jak wyzwanie #between_ art_and_quarantine wpłynęło na funkcjonowanie sztuki dawnej w nowych mediach i w mediach społecznościowych

Author(s): Zofia Ozaist-Zgodzińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The #between_art_and_quarantine challenge, which became popular in social media at the beginning of the pandemic, contributed to creating a lasting change in the behaviour of the audience of public cultural institutions. Its participants had to re-create a painting from a museum collection using household objects, take a picture of their creation, post it on Facebook with appropriate hashtags and “like” the museum’s profile on the site. For the first time the general public engaged so widely in re-interpretation of Old Masters works using new media with viral potential. Old Masters and creative processes became more easily accessible, egalitarian and democratic. The potential of Old Masters was also noticed by business organisations and used in advertising campaigns. Cultural institutions started to publish more content on their social media profiles promoting creative behaviour among their followers. Social media “engaged community” successfully transformed into actual museum-goers, which proves the increased numbers of visitors once museums re-opened after government-imposed temporality closure.

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Sandu Tudorʼs point of view about changing the date of celebrating Easter. Reconstructions from the columns of “Cuvântul” newspaper

Author(s): Carmen Ciornea / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2023

The present study aims to reveal novel aspects of the involvement of the journalist Sandu Tudor in the press campaigns initiated by Nae Ionescu, the director of “Cuvântul” [The Word] newspaper. The confrontation of ideas between the interwar intellectuality elite and the church’s hierarchy should not be perceived as a hostile relationship. In our opinion those press campaigns should be perceived as an exercise of the maturity of intellectual elite, which aims to engage actively in essential matters to the fulfilment of its mission to outline a pattern of Christian’s behaviour religious of man, both in the public as well as inside the Ecclesia. Articles signed by Sandu Tudor, on this issue, focus on the need to revive the Tradition, the only effective way of preserving intact a nation’s religious life. His theological criticisms regarding any canonical deviations, in general, expressed in register of the journalism, have as a purpose the creation of an authentic conviviality between laity and Church, beyond the rigid and sterile traditionalism.

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A CASE STUDY ON CANCEL CULTURE DISCOURSE: THE THEATRE OF THE ABSURD

Author(s): Ana SCALCĂU / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2023

The present paper has two main objectives: one is to explore the ways in which political correctness may affect the world of the theatre, the other is to observe the characteristics of the cancel culture discourse. I define cancel culture as one of the many manifestations of political correctness which refers either to promoting or boycotting people and their work for politically correct reasons. The paper is divided into three parts: a presentation of the immediate context in which the discourse was created, a description of the linguistic features of discourse and an analysis of these characteristics from a pragmatic, rhetorical and logical perspective.

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