Regimybinė pinigų reikšmė: nematerialumo vertė

Author(s): Kseniya Shtalenkova / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 111/2022

The aim of this paper is to investigate the visual significance of money in the context of dematerialization when money loses its material form and becomes invisible. In this vein, currency design helps to assess the meaning of the visual, important for exchange on the symbolic level. It is crucial to divide exactly the visual as representations implied in visual narratives of currency design, and the visible as physical features of money issued during certain historical periods. Paradoxically, while the visible embodies the abstract idea of money circulating in the material world, the visual promotes ideologized images of reality, substituting reality itself. And once money becomes immaterial, the economic value becomes a pure social convention, but the value of possessing money gains phantasmatic features grounded in digitized visual imagery like, for instance, NFT artworks, while material money transcends its economic functionality and gains the value of the cultural artifact.

School as an educational context for the development of students’ social competence

Author(s): Mirsada S. Zukorlić,Ivko A. Nikolić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2022

The paper discusses the possibilities of developing the social competence of students at school using the method of theoretical analysis. The school is expected to adapt its way of working with students to new needs, in order to develop certain segments from a number of individual and social abilities as a capacity for social success – social competence. The school, with its educational mission, within which the role of teachers is crucial, encourages social competences through: acquiring and expanding students’ social knowledge and understanding of social reality; drawing students’ attention to other people’s feelings and interests; encouraging alternative interpretations of other people’s behaviour; providing students with assistance in active participation in discussions; assisting students in discovering common features; supporting communication between students (fostering verbal and nonverbal communication); encouraging the constructive cooperation among students; strengthening empathy and strengthening altruism).

Sustainability and ecology in the architecture of Friedensreich Hundertwasser

Author(s): Sanja Domazet,Darko P. Nadić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2022

Austrian artist Friedensreich Hundertwasser today stands for a veritable example of a man as an accomplished ecological being. The merging of art, architecture, politics, and ecology into one utopian concept oriented towards the future positioned Hundertwasser not only an architectural experimenter but also as a specific visionary of ecological architecture. Throughout his lifetime, Hundertwasser opposed the so-called “mainstream” culture and materialism, which later contributed to his popularity. This popularity is certainly limited just as for those circles of social activists who believed that architecture must possess a “human figure”. He was a man who, through art, knowledge of nature and its processes, created a new chapter in various fields, such as painting and design, all the way to architecture and the fight to preserve nature. This paper deals with the contribution of an unconventional artist to architecture and ecology. The introductory discussion approximates the significance of sustainable architecture, while the first part of the paper presents a brief biographical overview of Hundertwasser’s character and oeuvre, as well as his understanding of life. The second part of the paper focuses on his views of the importance of ecological identity and the place of architecture in it, while the third part of the paper shows examples of the ideas of sustainable construction and their possible implementation in practice.

Basics of the methodology of scientific-research work

Author(s): Vesna R. Živković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 3/2022

Racial glass ceiling

Author(s): Judit Durst,Zsanna Nyírő,Fanni Dés,Julianna Boros / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

According to the neoliberal mantra, anyone who is willing to work hard can get ahead in our society. In an era when belief in the myth of meritocracy has become widespread, greater social mobility would represent the promise of escape from rising social inequality. This paper challenges this myth and offers insight into the fallacy of individualized explanations of the role of merit in social ascension. Drawing on 103 interviews with first-in-family (FIF) minority Roma graduates in Hungary, and using the lens of intersectionality, it explores the hidden barriers to career advancement for those Roma professionals whose parents do not have a degree. The paper shows how the intersections of class and racialised minority status matter in relation to what career one has in the labour market. It illuminates why FIF Roma professionals can rarely enter elite occupations and why, career wise, they tend to concentrate in jobs dealing with Roma issues. It explores the effect of the dynamic interaction of structural hidden mechanisms and the Roma’s response/adaptation to them that contribute both to Roma professionals’ labour market segmentation and to the phenomenon of the glass ceiling. The paper calls these two characteristics of the labour market situation of the FIF Roma graduates the racial glass ceiling.

‘I was told the position has already been filled’. Barriers to mobility and coping strategies of highly qualified Roma youth on their way to the business sector in Hungary

Author(s): Vera Messing,Zsuzsanna Árendás / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The article investigates educational and career paths of educated Roma youth in Hungary as striving to enter quality employment in the business sector. While the employment rate of well-educated Roma youth is high compared to the general Roma population, their sectoral distribution is skewed towards self-employment, and towards the public sector vis-à-vis private sector. Our article investigates the reasons for the low presence of educated Roma in the business sphere, a sector which holds the greatest potential of occupational and social mobility. We use a survey dataset of educated young Roma (N=381), and also rely on in-depth interviews with youth from the same group, which provided us with a better understanding of the individual experiences of social mobility. We identify some of the main barriers linked to business sector employment of the Roma youth. By utilising the Bourdesian theoretical lens, we focus on the importance of cultural habitus and its misrecognition in professional settings. The paper analyses successful capital mobilizations of those striving towards/ experiencing social mobility, while discussing experiences of failures too. These findings are unique in their nature as they pinpoint individual mobility strategies, the role of different forms of capitals in strive for jobs and later in early professional career.

Gotta face ‘em all: Pokémon, Japanese animated characters, and the emergence of playful visual animism

Author(s): Vincenzo Idone Cassone / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2021

As a result of technological innovations and new cultural practices, the contemporary mediasphere is increasingly populated by digital(ized) faces. The phenomenon is not limited to human faces, but includes a vast universe of fictional animated faces, variously called ‘characters’, ‘mascots’ or ‘kyara’. In Japan, while certainly not new, kyara have been spreading thanks to globalization, digitalization and media-mix strategies. Through the connection between visual design, fictional narratives and socio-cultural consumption, kyara can be considered semiotic figures of in-betweenness, key symbolic mediators in the Japanese mediascape. Their anthropomorphic face design mediates the cultural boundaries between the human and the non-human, the animate and the inanimate, nature and culture. Furthermore, their post-modern narratives mix inspiration from the past and the present, from myths to science fiction. Lastly, they involve an encyclopedic reworking between fiction and reality, mythical references and secularization, between the domains of seriousness and playful make-believe. The article aims to explore the semiotic dimensions of kyara in contemporary Japan, with emphasis on their logic of representation and cultural outcomes. These will be investigated through the analysis of the Pokémon franchise, which will make it possible to describe the emergence of new semiotic patterns of ‘playful visual animism’ in the process of media facialization of everyday life.

Повесть о юноше и чародее: славянские версии византийского сюжета

Author(s): Irina M. Gritsevskaya,Viacheslav V. Lytvynenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of the “Narrative About a Young Man and the Magician” (also known as a “Homily About Mesites the Magician”), which was part of several Old Russian miscellanea and originated from Greek. The narrative is examined from the standpoint of plot-building issues, with regard to both the original text and the changes that were introduced by the Slavonic translators and editors. The authors reveal a specific narrative structure in which the elements of one set of plot features are mirrored or duplicated in another narrative. They also trace the distinctive features of two different Greek versions reflected in the translations, such as a change in the narrative focus in the original version. A significant feature of one of the Slavonic translations is the adaptation to the Old Russian miscellany (Prolog), of which it happened to be a part. Another feature that must be noted is the appearance of the idea of God’s obligation to the righteous in the Slavonic version. A parallel is drawn between this narrative and the “Narrations Useful to the Soul” (a sub-genre of Byzantine hagiography), which contain a tale about the penitent thief. The fate of these texts in both Greek and Slavic literature seems almost the same: they existed in two versions in Greek literature, and both versions of these texts were translated into Slavonic. Later, these translations were included in the Slavonic miscellanea of Prolog and Svodny Paterik. There are also a number of parallels in terms of content, of which the most important one is the discussion of the ways of salvation for laymen considered outside the formal ecclesiastical paradigm that assumes a form of non-typical holiness. Yet despite the similarities in style and partly in content, the “Narrative About a Young Man and the Magician” has a more sophisticated plot than the tale about the penitent thief on account of duplicated plot motifs that align it with the literary narrative genre.

Арктический хронотоп в повестях З. Давыдова «Беруны» и К. Бадигина «Путь на Грумант»

Author(s): Tatiana V. Shvetsova,Veronika E. Shakhova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

The article defines the significant components of the Arctic chronotope in the adventures of the Mezen “Robinsons.” The empirical basis of the research was the historical short novel (povest’) by Zinovy Davydov “Beruny” (1933) and the short novel (povest’) by Konstantin Badigin “The Way to Grumant” (1953). A comparative analysis of these works was carried out. The choice of texts is explained by the relatively little amount of research done on them and the specifics of the story being told, which centers around people of heroic professions — seafarers and whalers. The plot of the short novels of Z. Davydov and K. Badigin is based on a real event of the 18th century — the adventures of Russian sailors on a deserted island in the Arctic, described by P. L. Le Roy in 1766. Various aspects of the Arctic are presented by Z. Davydov and K. Badigin (the territory of eternal cold, the land of death, the entrance to the otherworld, the place of forced stay of the Pomors, the zone of extreme human experience, the apophatic image where death borders on life), acting as a real-geographical and actually artistic chronotope. The Arctic chronotope includes toposes and loci that determine the individual destinies of the Mezen. The article characterizes the behavior of the heroes in the liminal conditions of the Arctic chronotope. The harmony of the heroes’ consciousness with the rhythms of the objective world determines the possibility of survival of the “grumlans” on the island. A comparative analysis of the worldview of the hero of European literature (Robinson Crusoe by D. Defoe) and the heroes of Russian literature is carried out. The article considers the “hunting” and “survival” plot situations, which are the most representative for the behavior of the characters, and allows describing the unique features of the national and cultural identification of Russian “Robinsons” and comprehending the picture of the world depicted by the writers. It captures their special attitude to life and death, mythological worldview, adherence to the immutable laws of the Pomeranian fishing rite, the relationship of whalers with each other and the space in which they live.

Comparison between the impacts of the irrigation systems of Persian Safavid and Italian Renaissance gardens through a descriptive-historical approach

Author(s): Hanie Okhovat / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article is based on the comparison of the irrigation systems in gardens of two simultaneous periods but formed in two different lands, Italian Renaissance gardens and Persian Safavid gardens. The studies that have been done so far do not explicitly mention the relationship between these two gardens, and this research can be a starting point for referring to historical studies and discovering the possible connections and their effects on each other. The research is qualitative with an interpretive historical approach that seeks to investigate the origins of the irrigation systems of Persian and Italian Villa gardens in the Renaissance period. Methodologically, this study carries out a literature review and case studies by identifying sources in historical bibliographies and archives and by observation in Persian and Italian Renaissance gardens. The result shows some crucial changes occurred to Italian gardens which transformed the form and figure of the gardens. The first and most important one was the creation of running water. According to historical records, two important events are recognised for their impact on the irrigation system: the first was the influence between gardens within and after the Crusader period and the second was Navagaro letters and the impact of Islamic Andalusian gardens on Italian Renaissance gardens.

Legal protection and safety of works of art and other objects with historical or scientific value borrowed from other countries for the purpose of temporary exhibitions organised within the territory of Poland

Author(s): Jacek Dworzecki,Izabela Nowicka,Andrzej Urbanek,Izabela Szkurłat / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The article presents issues involving legal protection of borrowed works of art designated for temporary exhibitions outside the territory of their country of origin, which have frequently constituted the most crucial elements of national heritage of that country. Moreover, the mechanisms and regulations applied in the scope of insurance covering works of art and other objects with historical or scientific value which formed part of exhibitions organised by museums worldwide have been portrayed. The article presents experiences and solutions applied in this regard in Poland further to specifying international legal regulations that refer to the discussed issue.

The museum exhibition in the context of dispositive analysis

Author(s): Veronika Kolaříková / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The aim of this study is to propose and present a suitable methodological framework based on the principle of discourse analysis, which would be suitable for the implementation of research on the museum environment, in particular museum exhibitions and their narratives. The potential of the dispositive analysis of the museum phenomenon is enormous, but the elaboration of this methodology in the context of museum research in our environment is lacking. This study aims to add to this underdeveloped area and provide readers and researchers with key information concerning the possibilities and uses of this methodology. As a suitable methodological tool, the study chooses dispositive analysis, which has the advantage of allowing the analysis of materializations in addition to the discourse plane, which is an advantage for the analysis of exhibitions and the exhibits housed therein. Dispositive analysis, which in the study is primarily based on S. Jäger’s approach, enables the examination of materializations without overlooking the role of visitors and the broader context of the exhibition, which, by its very nature of membership of a cultural institution, is always discursively conditioned. The relationship between the museum and discursive reality is thus a thematic part of the study, as is the exploration of the topics of discourse (Foucault) and the dispositive.

Sosyal Bilgiler Öğretmenlerinin Görüşlerine Göre Değerler Eğitiminde Yaşanan Sorunlar: Bir Meta-Sentez Çalışması

Author(s): Çiğdem Kan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 02/2022

The present study aimed to analyze previous studies on the challenges experienced by social studies teachers in values education with the meta-synthesis method and to determine the general trends in the problems experienced in values education. The studies in the literature were determined with Google academic search engine, EBSCOhost and Dergipark databases. In the study, eight articles were analyzed out of 22 papers on the views of social studies teachers on the challenges experienced in values education and published between 2014 and 2020. The findings reported in these papers were analyzed and synthesized based on the basic stages of the metasynthesis method, and a meta-synthesis was conducted with the determined themes. The analysis of the views of social studies teachers revealed that the challenges experienced in values education included the incompetency of the teachers in values education, the problems associated with the curriculum and textbooks, and the incompetency of the parents in value education. The solutions recommended by the teachers included the improvement of the cooperation between the school, teachers, and the parents, parental knowledge, the concretization of the values in courses, association of the course content with life, reorganization of the textbooks, and the curricula for values education, control of the media and support of the media in values education. The recommendations of the authors are also included in the study.

Ters Yüz Edilmiş Öğrenmenin Üniversite Düzeyinde Temel Alan Derslerinden Birinde Uygulanmasi

Author(s): Burcu Ünal,Suzan Kavanoz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 02/2022

Reaping the benefits that technology offers us and moving the courses to the outside of the class are important steps for fostering life-long learning. Within this context, in this study it was investigated how turning a traditionally lecture-type course into a flipped-learning environment can affect the motivation and satisfaction of the learners toward the course. To this end, within the scope of this mixed-method study ELT juniors at a state university in Turkey took one of the major subject-matter courses in a flipped-instruction model. Within this model, the course syllabus, course materials and practice activities were shared with the students online through a learning management system. The results revealed that the overall motivation and satisfaction levels of learners were quite high, and there was a significant effect of flipped instruction on learners’ self-efficacy for learning and performance. In-depth analyses of qualitative data highlighted the perceived benefits and weaknesses of the flipped learning process. Enhancing the content and instruction was found to be the most frequently stated suggestion for improvement by the learners.

(De)Humanized Androids as Monsters in Garland’s Ex Machina

Author(s): Mustafa Fatih Dalyan,Nilsen Gökçen / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

Ex Machina (2015) is a postmodern Gothic sci-fi movie by Alex Garland, implicitly illustrating the workings of humanization, dehumanization, and marginalization through its android character Ava. Ava’s interaction with people reveals humanity’s biased perspectives and problems. She enables the audience to see that inorganic anthropomorphic bodies mimicking human behaviors and cognitive skills converge on humans and become strangely humanized. Yet creating uncanny sensations in humans, these bodies become a new group of “others” who belong outside the boundaries of humanness so much so that they exist on the threshold of monstrosity. Furthermore, due to their anthropomorphic appearance, they cannot avoid human hierarchies of race and gender. However, once they become perceived as humans, they learn to use human methods to survive including the wicked ones. Ex Machina thus demonstrates that the process of dehumanization not only creates injustices to dehumanized groups but results in the dehumanization of those that apply it to Others, for it is they that become “less than human” by their inhumane acts

Uluslararası Öğrencilerin Koronavirüs Farkındalıklarının ve Yükseköğretime Uyum Yeterliklerinin İncelenmesi

Author(s): İsmail Karakuş,Sena Karakuş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 02/2022

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between international students' awareness of coronavirus and their ability to adapt to higher education and these two variables. The research, which is in the relational screening model, was conducted with 207 international students. Data collection tools are the Coronavirus Awareness Scale and the Scale of International Students' Adaptation to Higher Education. In determining the level of awareness of coronavirus and adaptation to higher education, the mean and standard deviation values are; Pearson Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the sub-dimensions of coronavirus awareness and the competence to adapt to higher education. The awareness of international students on the prevention of contamination, following current developments and hygiene measures, is at a moderate level; It is seen that the competences of adapting to higher education are at a high level in terms of academic course and principles, and at a medium level in terms of academic life, social/cultural life and total adjustment competence. When the correlations between coronavirus awareness and compliance with higher education are examined, there is no relationship between the prevention of contamination and the total compliance competence, it is seen that there is a positive, low and significant relationship between the dimensions of following current developments and hygiene measures and the total compliance competence.

Değiştirilemez Jetonların (NFT) Vergilendirilmesi

Author(s): Burcu Gediz Oral / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2022

NFT is an identical cryptographic, digital record attached to an asset such as a work of art, music, collectibles or other valuables. When it comes to the new use of technology in any field, it usually takes some time for regulators and legislatures almost all over the world to catch up with the rapid adoption of the technology and make legal regulations immediately. Similarly, a specific legal doctrine or principle of taxation has not yet been determined in the world for NFTs. At the time of writing this study, there is no direct regulation regarding NFTs. When regulating NFTs, because they can be traded globally, their legal status and the different regulatory frameworks they may be subject to in different countries must be taken into account. But more generally, we can think of how NFTs might be regulated by looking at how the law applies to cryptocurrencies, art, and collectibles. But given the distinctive features that distinguish these assets, it is certain that the cryptocurrencies framework cannot be fully applied to NFTs. In this study, potential tax issues related to NFT transactions are discussed.

Türkiye’nin Öğretmen Profilinin OECD Ülkeleri İle Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi

Author(s): Süheyla Demirel Yazıci,Necati Cemaloğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2022

This study was carried out to examine Turkey's place and development among OECD countries in terms of teacher profiles. In this study, data was collected through document analysis, and OECD's Education at a Glance indicators and TALIS 2018 research results were used. As a result of the research, it has been determined that teachers in Turkey are younger than the OECD average and the percentage of older teachers is lower. The percentage of female teachers in Turkey is lower than the OECD average at all levels except for higher education. It has been understood that the ratio of students to teaching staff is higher than the OECD average at all levels except for secondary education in Turkey. Teachers' salaries in Turkey are below the OECD average at all levels, and as teachers gain experience, their salaries fall further below the OECD average. The majority of teachers in Turkey have a bachelor's degree and the ratio of teachers with master's and doctorate degrees is lower than the OECD average. Only 72% of teachers in Turkey think that the professional development activities they participate in have a positive effect on their teaching practices. While only 26% of teachers in Turkey think that their profession is valuable in society, 89% of teachers are generally satisfied with their jobs.

Örgütlerde Mizah Kullanımına Genel Bir Bakış: Web of Science Veri Tabanına Dayalı Bibliyometrik Bir Analiz

Author(s): Hilmiye Türesin Tetik / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2022

This study, it is aimed to determine the historical development of the use of humor in organizations in the context of management discipline with the bibliometric analysis method and to guide those who work in this field in the future by creating a conceptual framework. For this purpose, articles published in the Web of Science database and scanned in different indexes on the use of humor in organizations until 2022 were analyzed by the bibliometric method. 306 articles focusing on the field of management were examined in the keywords, abstract, and title areas. To answer the questions created for the research, various productivity indicators were examined and citation analysis, co-citation, and co-word analysis were performed within the scope of bibliometric analysis. It has been found that the interest in the field of management for studies on the use of humor in organizations has increased in the last 15 years. The fact that the number of publications originating from Turkey is 4 can be considered as an indication that the field of humor use in organizations is open to development in our country. It has also been determined that social media, the leader's use of humor, entertainment at work, status, and content analysis are current issues in the field of "use of humor in organizations".

Country Comparisons on the Concept of Economic Freedom: A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach

Author(s): Gökhan Özkaya / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2022

Economic freedom is a broad term with numerous aspects. The aim of the study is to increase awareness of the economic freedom components and to provide an analytical approach. Entropy, TOPSIS, ARAS, SAW, Borda Count Method, Clustering, and Spearman correlation analysis were used to assess 40 nations. The countries with the greatest per capita GDP such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Switzerland are at the top of the economic freedom ranking. On the other side, countries with low per-capita income such as Poland, Thailand, and Russian Federation rank bottom. Governments and officials in low-scoring nations must provide an environment of stability, trust, and facilitation for their residents and foreign investors in terms of trade tariffs, inflation, and account restrictions. Individuals, groups, non-governmental organizations, and institutions should persuade decision-makers and politicians to take novel action plans in terms of taxes, inflation policies, account restrictions, and decision-making in favour of greater freedom.