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This article deals with an interesting social phenomenon, namely the mixed marriages between Serbian men and Albanian women from Albania. The article is based on fieldwork in the region of Sandžak. However, the examination od this phenomenon transcends both geographical and theoretical scope of this article, and tries to offer a new approach to the study of links between patriarchy and nationalism.
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Since 2008 several literary, theatrical and art events have been organized in collaboration with Albanian artists. This paper analyses discourses produced in Serbian media on the occasion of these events. It is examined to what extent (if any) did the given discourses reproduce the logic and instruments of discourses identified in the previous research on the symbolic struggles in Serbia, and how a specific topic – art – influenced the form and the content of the messages. My study found four types of discourses: one, mainly characterized by its reliance on the matrices of inellectual-political positioning established in the prior symbolic struggles; second, based on the argument that art can, and should, be socially engaged; third, the one that raises art above the daily politics and defends the principle of the autonomy and creative freedoms; fourth, the discourse in which art has been given the role of the mediator for discovering the ’real life’ and the problems people are facing in everyday life. The analysis of these discourses includes the assessment of their influence on the change of the society’s relation towards cultural, but also other kinds of cooperation between Kosovo and Serbia.
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Fundamental attributes of human rights are autochthony, universality, equality and indivisibility. Preconditions for genuine realization of human rights are democracy, rule of law and procurement of minimal social-economic standards needed in order to enable each individual to prosper and develop, as well as other rights. Culture of human rights means respect and protection of human rights in everyday life, genuine benefit from human rights, which does not only depend on respect of legal provisions, but also comprises heritage, attitudes and habits of people. Mainly societies in transition have problems with the culture of human rights. The indicators of lack of culture of human rights are: lack of consciousness regarding the existence of human rights; being unfamiliar with one-owns rights and indifference in relation to their violation; lack of self-confidence regarding realization of these rights, indifference towards others, lack of solidarity and lack of readiness to defend human rights of others, as well as existence of discrimination. Culture of human rights must be „initiated by little steps, by respecting the right of other on everyday bases, by using human rights as a foundation for resolution of both public and personal problems and by using human rights as a measurement for development of the society“ . All subjects of society play extremely important role in this -the state, church communities, those who in the framework of educational process work with young people, civic society, media, non-governmental organisations and individuals who deal with promotion and protection of human rights. The fundamental sense for existence of NGOs is social change, safeguarding and defence of democracy, fortifying of democratic culture of citizens, monitoring of political and transitional processes, political elite, fight against corruption, education on all levels… Through education, public advocacy of important social problems and dilemmas, through recording of the cases of violation and providing monitoring of respect of human rights, providing of legal aid, NGOs are working on making the citizens recognize and get familiarized with their rights, in order to use them, but also to learn to respect the rights of others in their surroundings. NGOs dealing with human rights’ issues should primarily be seen as „suppliers of correct information regarding the violation of human rights“ and monitors of the work performed by the government in the field of human and minority rights.
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The media are an important part of social and cultural life. As in the life of the majority nation, so in the life of national minorities, the mother tongue media and the provision of information in the mother tongue play an important role. For national minorities, one source of this content is the public service media, and its broadcasts in their languages. Programmes and contents in the languages of national minorities have a long history in Slovakia going back decades. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of broadcasting in minority languages in public service media, the concept of public service and the most important phenomena in media theory approaches to it, and to provide an overview of the present and future of public service media in the Slovak–Hungarian cultural context. A separate chapter also presents the results of a small-scale survey of the audience itself, the Hungarians in Slovakia, on their media consumption habits and their attitudes towards Slovak public media broadcasting in the Hungarian language.
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In this study, we trace the media consumption of Hungarians in Slovakia over the last fifty years, based on data from ten sociological surveys. We present the evolution of the basic indicators, i.e. how the different types of media and the preferences for specific press products, television and radio have evolved. The social stratification of each preference group is also described. The first chapter deals with media consumption in the 1970s, the second chapter traces the trends after the change of regime and in the new millennium, and the third chapter provides a basic picture of media consumption today. In the paper we also publish a number of data that have not been published anywhere before.
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The text deals with types of laughter in Humo’s novel Grozdanin Kikot/ Grozdana’s Laughter. Considering the connection between female laughter and nature, it turns out that Humo perceives laughter as a lifeprinciple. Relationships that women establish with Ozren as a central figure, but also a narrator in Grozdana’s Laughter, are analyzed in this paper, in accordance with thematic complexes characteristic of the three cultural circles. The relationship between Ozren and Ivanka is seen through the lens of a folk carnival laughter that resides in its relationship with the high ecclesiastical, Christian culture; the relationship of Ozren and Grlica is analyzed in the context of the eleusinian cult, and finally, the article points to the elements of orphism in the narrator’s experience of the world.
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Bez obzira da li je bio kritičar ili esejist o čemu dileme postoje, nema nikakve sumnje daje Midhat Begić jedan od najvećih erudita u bosanskohercegovačkoj književnosti. Osnovni oslonci njegovog poznavanja svjetske kulture i književnosti svakako su francuska, pa zatim njemačka i ruska kultura. No upravo u ovom svjetlu mi se čini zanimljivim istražiti prisustvo referenci na angloameričku kulturu u Begićevoj esejistici ili kritici. Ona sigurno nije jedan od njenih temeljnih sastojaka, ali svojim prisustvom može ukazati na neke bitne osobine njegovog književnog pristupa koje do sada nisu bile viđene u punoj oštrini, a i pokazati stvarnu širinu njegove erudicije.
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The paper focuses on themes, such as illegal Ukrainian workers or different national stereotypes, in literary production of a contemporary Ukrainian writer Natalka Sniadanko. For this work were chosen two of her novels—the debut A Collection of Passions and Misadventures of a Young Ukrainian Lady (2001) and Frau Müller Will Not Pay More (2013). In her fiction Sniadanko tends to reflect life experience of Ukrainian women who have left their homeland in search of a better life and future. The author also shows different national mentality, issues of women’s emancipation and Eastern European guest workers, so called “gastarbeiters”. The aim of the paper is to prove, based on theme analysis, Sniadanko’s literary work is not just so-called “chick lit”, but it also stands a chance as a product of highbrow literature.
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The article concerns about crucial teoretical concepts and directions of research in Czech, German and Polish geography of tourism. The attention is mainly paid to general development tendencies in geography of tourism on the one hand and to major research topics in countries mentioned above on the other hand (spatial spread of tourism, economic benefits of tourism, socio-cultural dimension of tourism and leisure time, conceptions of tourism space, etc.).
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The purpose of the the survey is to map the researches concerning intercultural communicative competence in the teaching of a foreign language for specific purposes. The survey consists of six journals studies found in the databases of EBSCO, ERIC and SCOPUS. The studies present original researches that concern the development of intercultural communicative competence in the tertiary level. In the survey, following questions are answered: What is the definition of the intercultural communicative competence in the survey? What are the goals, which methods and approaches are being used? What are the important findings? At the end of the survey, the findings are discussed. The development of intercultural communicative competence in the international work context is most important for the students of a foreign language for specific purposes. The survey also draws attention to concrete examples of insufficiency in tertiary education.
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Venkovské oblasti poskytují prostor mimo jiné i pro kulturní aktivity (Holátová, 2007, 67). Pro kulturní cestovní ruch je základní hodnotou kulturní dědictví, jako je historie, hudba, malířství, folklór, festivaly atd., naproti tomu přidanou hodnotou jsou funkční a fyzické atributy, které ovlivňují ocenění základní hodnoty návštěvníkem. Sem patří ubytování, stravování, vybavení službami, doprava, průvodce, doplňkové služby, celkové prostředí destinace, kvalita služeb, cenová dostupnost a počasí. Posuzování atraktivity například při kulturním cestovním ruchu může být ovlivněno i předchozí zkušeností návštěvníka a porovnáváním různých destinací a posuzováním jejich vzájemného významu. Některé studie naznačují, že atraktivnost destinace kulturního cestovního ruchu je daná vzděláním, porozuměním a uvědomováním si rozdílů v kulturním základu, který je odlišný od kultury návštěvníka (Vaníček, 2007, 80).
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Îngerul de gips, spune Nicolae Breban, este istoria unui bărbat care decade. Doctorul Minda, medic celebru, universitar și autor de literatură specifică, bărbat matur aflat pe punctul de a face mariajul ideal, se pierde din pricina unei femei. Aceasta ar fi, în termeni inteligibili - desigur, simplificând enorm - povestea succesului și a decăderii eroului central. (Trebuie însă precizat că îmbolnăvirea, declinul, în fapt, metamorfoza personajului reprezintă nu un moment punctual, ci un proces de durată: doctorul Minda nu se trezește pur și simplu, „într-o dimineață, din vise neliniștite”1, transformat în gândac, asemeni lui Gregor Samsa; însă doctorul Minda nu este nici un personaj realist, cu evoluție coerentă și reacții logice, ci un erou scindat, paradoxal, cu evoluție nelineară, ale cărui gesturi țin de abisalitatea ființei omenești, și nu de domeniul raționalului.)
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Problema unei culturi central-europene a intrat în actualitate la începutul anului 1989, cînd blocul vestic a conștientizat, atît politic, cît și intelectual, în mod serios faptul că politica de deschidere și reconstrucție a lui Mihail Gorbaciov va contamina toate țările central- -europene pe care Stalin și urmașii săi încercaseră să le controleze. Fiecare dintre aceste țari trebuia să-și determine cît mai curînd propriile fidelități și alianțe, dezvoltînd noi relații (pentru început) cu vecinii, Statele Unite și țările vest-europene, reexaminînd noțiunile despre Europa Centrală care dominaseră vremurile trecute. Ar putea o astfel de Europă Centrală, Mitteleuropa sau Mitropa forma o entitate determinata, conștientă de sine, în lumea noastră în continuă schimbare? Sau întregul concept este definitiv încețoșat de nostalgie?
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Pînă nu demult, un central-european trebuia să accepte că, pentru un american obișnuit, el nu reprezenta decît acel aproape mitic sindrom „Iugoslavia/Cehoslovacia”, conform căruia șirul de state- -națiuni întins între Germania și Rusia era doar o indistinctă, informă masă cenușie. E drept că parametrii reali ai problemei s-au clarificat uneori, datorită evenimentelor: în timpul unei invazii sau al unui război civil, publicul american, bombardat de informații, mai putea să disocieze ceva pentru o vreme, dar după un an, doi, confuzia se reinstala. Lucru destul de interesant, mass-media central-europeană din zilele noastre prezintă simptome asemănătoare. Un articol apărut recent în presa maghiară începe prin a descrie un american inocent, exultînd după cele două zile petrecute în „minunata voastră capitală București”, dar se întreabă și cîți maghiari știu că, de fapt, capitala Californiei nu e nici Los Angeles și nici măcar San Francisco. Dat fiind că populația Ungariei e cam cît jumătate din cea a Californiei, autorul articolului se mai întreabă, în concluzie, dacă maghiarul care habar nu are de Sacramento e la fel de provincial ca americanul care confundă Bucureștiul cu Budapesta.
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It is widely accepted that cultural sector and creative sector contribute to the socio-economic revival of cities, change their images, form a specific creative milieu, generate new jobs, and organize urban space. However, previous studies concerning the significance of the cultural and creative sectors in the urban development have focused on the largest cities, small cities have not been the subject of a wider research so far. The paper aims at drawing attention to the potential of small cities in the context of using the cultural industry or creatvie industry for the develoment of small cities on the example of Poland. The paper was prepared on the basis of the most relevant literature in the field. The study shows that small cities have a potential that may be used to build development strategies on the basis of the cultural and creative sectors. Research should elaborate the new strategies of development, implement new factors which can initiate required effects in this field.
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The article deals with media reflection of the culture in the regions of the Czech Republic. The attention is devoted to the national TV coverage and its contributions concerning the culture in individual regions of the Czech Republic. The main objective of the paper is to analyse and assess contributions related to the culture in individual regions of the Czech Republic. We focus on contributions, which appear within the national TV coverage. The whole problem will be evaluated from both quantitative and qualitative points of view. Contrary to other TV contributions, cultural themes tend to improve mental maps of respective territories. As to cultural topics appearing within national TV broadcasting, there exists certain differentiation among the regions of the Czech Republic. Prague and Karlovy Vary region turned out to be the most flourishing in this sphere. However, above mentioned differentiation is basically congruent with the character of individual regions in the country. Thus, the culture, which becomes increasingly fancied theme within local and regional studies, can be portrayed from an alternative perspective.
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In the second language teaching, first of all, Russian language teaching and learning, one of the main sources of cultural information and information about country are the textbooks. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the concepts of Russia, Russian culture and Russians as presented in the textbooks of Russian as a foreign language recently published in the Czech Republic. It will help to formulate an idea of Russia, Russian culture and Russians formed in the Czech students’ minds at the lessons. Written texts and audio, texts of grammatical and lexical exercises that contain geografical and cultural information about Russia and the Russian culture form the data for the study. Three Russian language textbook sets “Радуга по-новому” (Fraus, 2007-2010 ), “Učebnice součastné ruštiny, 1. díl” (Computer press, 2009) и “Класс!” (Klett, 2010-2011) have been used for the present study. The study employs the methodology of conceptual analysis of the texts developed by N. D. Arutyunova, L. G. Babenko, S. E. Nikitina, and E. V. Rakhilina among the other scholars. In particular, we have analysed contexts of the key words that represent the concepts (Россия, Российская федерация, русский, россиянин, российский, etc.), as well as words expressing different geografical objects, realities of Russian culture (Москва, Санкт-Петербург, Волга, матрешка, etc.), names of cultural and historical figures. A thematic analysis of texts was made to describe the volume of country and cultural information. The results of the study can be valuable for Russian language teachers, authors and editors of textbooks and teaching materials, philologists, specialists in the cognitive linguistics, culture studies, anthropology and other human studies.
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The paper brings the results of an analysis of chosen sets of textbooks used for Russian language teaching at primary and secondary schools in the Czech environment. The aim of the analysis was to evaluate the function and the extent to which the visual expressions are used in order to develop sociocultural or else intercultural communicative competence of the pupils. The paper provides a fundamental overview of the types of visual expressions in textbooks.
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Many of us decorate the dreams of most of us, such as climbing Everest, rafting on the Zambezi River, going to ski in Palandöken, safari in Africa and having a sports car. How many of us have economic opportunities to realize our dreams? Many of us try to make career planning in order to make our dreams come true, but few of these plans develop in the direction we want. However, our persistence to follow our personal vision and the courage to depend on the goals we set will help us reach their relatives, even if not exactly the point we dream of. For this reason, our career planning should be shaped before university education. The fact that the pre -university education system in our country does not help and does not take into account our career plans constitutes the biggest obstacle in this way, but puts the realities of what kind of career we can do after our university education. For this reason, the question “I wonder where should I start” occupies us for a long time.
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