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FAKELORE VE FOLKLORİZMİN TURİZM İLE İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE KAVRAMSAL BİR İNCELEME

Author(s): Sinan Kurt,Ali Türker,Gülay Türker Özaltin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

Cultural creations of the destinations are considerably important among the travel motivations of tourists. But, all ‘folk’ creations shown to tourists may not be real folk creations indeed. These creations -can also be called fake/invented tradition- are known as ‘fakelore’ and ‘folklorism’ in literature. Fakelore means inventing new traditions and to showing fake creations as folklore for various reasons. While, folklorism stand for creating a tradition for commercial purposes and using this tradition which was created in tourism and mass media. This article is a conceptual study and defines ‘fakelore’ and ‘folklorism’ by using common cases in tourism and discusses potential impacts of these concepts on folklore and image of the country. In conclusion of the study which is important for bringing these concepts up discussion, examples for possible case studies on this area are suggested.

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News discourse and ideology: critical analysis of Copenhagen gang wars’ online news

Author(s): Pinar Yazgan,Deniz Eroğlu Utku / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Gang warfare is one of the social problems that attract attention in Denmark and it occupies an important place in the media discourse. However, the discriminatory and exclusionary effects of this discourse have been largely overlooked in many of the previous studies focusing on this problem. Taking this into account, this study examines the discriminatory aspects of the online news discourse covering these gang wars. In this way, it uncovers the forms of anti-immigrant bias in the news discourse in Denmark by examining articles from two online news articles by the newspaper Politiken and the news quoted from the same newspaper. Specifically, this study aims to demonstrate that the discriminatory and exclusionist discourse on the gang wars in Denmark may cause ethnic discrimination by producing negative social capital. The chosen sample of news articles has been analysed by devoting special attention to the concepts of ‘racism’, ‘exclusion’, ‘marginalisation’ and ‘negative social capital’ which are based on the critical discourse analysis of Teun A. van Dijk, who does not perceive news media as passive reporters but instead draws attention to their role in (re)constructing news events and dominant ideology.

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TÜRKİYE’DE DÖVİZ KURU DALGALANMALARININ YURT İÇİ FİYATLARA GEÇİŞKENLİĞİ

Author(s): Selim Başar,Serkan Künü / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

With financial globalization, many economies have been experiencing important fluctuations which have been stemming from abroad. These fluctuations are particularly felt in foreign currency markets. Changes in exchange rates have direct and indirect effects on various economic variables. One of the most important of these effects is that on inflation. In this study, the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and general level of prices in Turkey is asymmetrically investigated. Monthly data from the 2003:01-2016:02 period, which includes important developments in the global economy, was used to determine the effect of domestic prices in Turkey. In this respect, Non-parametric ARDL (NARDL) method was employed to estimate the effect of exchange rates on prices.

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LİDERLİK VE SAĞLIKLI BİR KURUM KÜLTÜRÜNE OLAN ETKİLERİ

Author(s): Hakan Çora / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2016

Leadership has an enormous affect on organizational culture, which is a set of procedures and principles that lead to the behavior of its members through words, gesticulations and interpersonal relationships; it is also the lead on the predictions of the future and promoting the trailer to change. The relationship between these concepts contributes either to repeal or reduction of productivity in any corporation. What kind of leadership styles should take a leader follow to promote a healthy organizational culture? And what are the characteristics and styles a leader should have? Is there a guiding power dedicated to have a healthy organization? And finally, to what extend ethics can play a role in constructing or demolishing a corporation?

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ETKİLİ LİDERLİĞİN SIRLARI

Author(s): Ali Nazmi Çora,Hakan Çora / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2016

It is known that leadership is a broad concept; heads of state, heads of government, commanders, political party leaders, directors of institutions, judges, referees, teachers and even heads of the family, though very different from one another, are all in the position of a leader. Defined as the behavioral method of influencing groups toward defined goals and targets, leadership has interpersonal relationships at its core (Cooper, 2005, Cora, A. N. 2014). In today’s united world, leadership knowledge and experience is gaining a growing reputation. Today, people encourage leadership to achieve perfection. Management does not put enough emphasis on encouraging employees to improve their condition, and to make them fully productive. In this context, management in the hands of an effective leader will ensure maximum efficiency (Cora, H. 2016, Ayturk, Nihat, 1990).

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СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ЭПИЧЕСКОГО В «СЕВАСТОПОЛЬСКИХ РАССКАЗАХ» Л.Н. ТОЛСТОГО

Author(s): Elena Masolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The evolution of the world’s epic conception in “Sevastopol Sketches” written by L.N. Tolstoy is considered. Based on the analysis of the ratio of paragraphs in “Sevastopol in December”, it can be affirmed that the epic component in the first sketch is represented in justification of the war aimed at defense of the motherland. The “growing up” of the narrator and his awareness of what is taking place in the world are shown as the epic events. The epic component of “Sevastopol in December” turns all the city’s defenders into high epic heroes. A temporary loss of faith in people unity gives a way to the consolidation of the concept of “we”. At the beginning of the sketch, the concept of “people” involves all people in the city. At the end of the sketch, this concept comprises an inseparable body of city defenders. In the first paragraph of the sketch, the war eliminates harmony, but peaceful life dominates in the last paragraph of the sketch. “Sevastopol in May” deals with the problem of incompatibility of a human with the epic models. Furthermore, a single criterion for appreciation of people is suggested. The “dialectics of soul” in the second sketch is combined with the high mood of the epic heroes from the first sketch. The conclusion is made that people are united by the components of both elevated heroism and negativity of the world. “Sevastopol in August” shows the complexity of transformation of a human toward the world’s epic conception. The first two chapters of the sketch are treated as an exposition of Mikhail and soldiers. It is shown that there are eight micro cycles in the sketch consisting of three chapters connected by the principle of parallelism/contrast or a situation uniting people. In the first microcycle, the characters become cowards. In the second microcycle, they overcome fears. In the third microcycle, these fears dominate. In the fourth microcycle, Volodya overcomes his fear. In the fifth microcycle, every person gets a chance to become a hero. In the sixth microcycle, Volodya rejects the lies among officers. In the seventh microcycle, he feels calm among soldiers. In the eighth microcycle, both brothers die heroically. The nature and defenders of the city protest against the surrender of Sevastopol. The fearless courage in defeat is stronger than the fortitude of soldiers from the first sketch. The conclusion is made about the three-phased idea of L.N. Tolstoy’s artistic thinking.

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Л.Н. ТОЛСТОЙ И А.М. ДОБРОЛЮБОВ КАК КРИТИКИ ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИИ И ИСКУССТВА

Author(s): Andrei Nikolaevich Tushev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper deals with L.N. Tolstoy and A.M. Dobrolyubov’s criticism of modern civilization and art. L.N. Tolstoy was renowned, especially in the late period of his life, by his hostility towards the culture of his time. The paper shows the key points of L.N. Tolstoy’s criticism. L.N. Tolstoy sharply attacks the whole complex of social and cultural notions and institutions, which were influential in that period. He strictly rejects the fruits which progress brings to humanity if these fruits are not able to affect the most important, from his point of view, part of human life – the religious part. He contrasts the religious worldview with art and science. According to L.N. Tolstoy, the purpose of human life is in connection with others. From this position he criticizes art, science, state institutions and power. Some of these ideas correspond to the views of A.M. Dobrolyubov, which are set down in “The Invisible Book”. Attention is also paid to the reasons that forced L.N. Tolstoy to acclaim A.M. Dobrolyubov’s spiritual authority and to call him “a man living a Christian life”.

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ДЖ. ОСТИН И А.С. ПУШКИН: ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЕ УСАДЕБНОГО БЫТА

Author(s): Vera Borisovna Shamina,Tatyana Gennadyevna Prokhorova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper considers the problem of possible influence of J. Austen’s works on A.S. Puskin. Although the majority of scholars agree that A.S. Pushkin was not familiar with J. Austen’s novels, there are still many similar features in their works, especially in the novels “Pride and Prejudice” and “Eugene Onegin”. This similarity of motives, character types, modes of behavior, and certain rituals occurs very much due to the fact that both authors were, on the one hand, very much influenced by the English sentimentalism and, on the other hand, depicted not only the same historical period, but also a similar socio-cultural milieu – the life of the country gentry. Therefore, a very important role in the works under consideration is played by the nature and its interaction with the main characters and ball – an essential part of the country life, where many crucial events take place. Having analyzed the works in question, the conclusion was made that it is possible to talk about the typological affinity caused by the similarity of the socio-cultural situation, on the one hand, and A.S. Pushkin’s great interest in English literature, on the other hand. The “meeting” of the two artists occurred in the close space of the country life, which, nevertheless, allowed them to create bright, colorful pictures of this world. However, while J. Austen’s novels were completely limited to family matters, A.S. Pushkin considered them only part of a much larger conception.

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Transnationalism, social capital and gender – young Pakistani Muslim women in Bradford, UK

Author(s): Gurchathen S. Sanghera,Suruchi Thapar-Björkert / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This article considers the relationship between transnationalism and social capital amongst young Pakistani Muslim women in Bradford, West Yorkshire. The central aim of the article is to explore how second generation Pakistani Muslim women accrue faith based social capital to negotiate and resist transnational gendered expectations, norms and practices. In particular, they use faith-based social capital that is transnationally informed: to challenge the patriarchal expectations and norms of their families; to gain access to higher/further education and thereby improve their life opportunities; and to resist growing anti-Muslim sentiment. This paper draws on qualitative research (in-depth interviews) conducted in Bradford.

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Društvo 21. stoljeća – ključna obilježja i problemi

Author(s): Abdel Alibegović,Midhat Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2016

The authors in the paper reflect sociological reality and substantiality on the level of meta-theoretical view of the substantiality itself and essential incline of sociology. If we put all phenomena that are encompassed by wider sociological interest, as Husserl says, between brackets, we still have question of crisis and reflection of (some) crisis imposed as a fundamental characteristic in every serious sociological approach. A question arises – whether a modern man, or a man in general, “likes“ to think, as Heidegger would say? Can the conceptual creator or the culprit of the western rationality be praised for thinking, for having learned to think? Of course, there is an immense difference between be able to think causes and being able/have to think consequences, results of your own actions. There is also an additional situation of not being able to think at all about self, the world, consequences of our actions, etc. Is the man’s faith ontological and ecological awareness, living and acting in accordance to “life sanctity“, or his destiny is a state of “dehumanization“, barbarism and false “-isms“of conscience and awareness? Following modern sociological approaches and authors, the authors tried to reflect, overview and solve the key substantiality of the epoch we live in/out, whatever this “live“means if we view it through prism of Bauman’s and Beck’s epoch of risk, liquidity of life, modernity and fear, through Konrad Paul’s meaningful scanning of catchword “society of knowledge“, to George Myerson’s revealing of range and delusions of ecologism.

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ПРОБЛЕМА ЦЕНТРАЛИЗАЦИИ МУЗЕЙНОГО ДЕЛА В ДИСКУССИЯХ 1917 ГОДА (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ СОВЕЩАНИЯ В ИНСТИТУТЕ ИСТОРИИ ИСКУССТВ)

Author(s): Vitaliy Gennadievich Ananev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The paper is devoted to the problem of centralization and unification of museum affairs in the professional debates during 1917. The main issue is analysis of the archival materials of the counsel on museum affairs and protection of monuments, which was held in the spring – summer of 1917 at the Institute for History of Arts (Petrograd). The author analyzes the main reports on this problem made by such prominent museum figures as A.A. Miller, P.P. Weiner, and N.M. Mogilyansky. A connection is established between their content and the general level of museology at that time. The author establishes a link of these ideas to some initiatives in the cultural politics of the post-October period. During this period, there are two main issues in the framework of this discussion. These ideas are linked to some initiatives in the cultural politics of the post-October period. There are two main issues in the framework of this discussion during the period under consideration. The first question is creation of a government body to manage all museum affairs of the country. A.A. Miller and N.M. Mogilyansky write about the structure of museum management. P.P. Weiner argues for the body of monument protection. The second question is redistribution of museum collections, evaluation of their composition on the basis of subject matter disciplines. On the one hand, these discussions show the high level of development of museology in Russia in the early 20th century. On the other hand, they show that the discourse of museology as an independent academic discipline has not yet received sufficient development. Based on the Russian material here, we can trace the transition from the pre-scientific stage of museology to the empirically descriptive stage.

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ШЕСТЬ ЗНАТНЫХ ПЕРСОВ И ИХ ПОТОМКИ ПРИ ДАРИИ I: ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ ПЕРСИДСКОЙ АРИСТОКРАТИИ В АХЕМЕНИДСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ

Author(s): Vasiliy Pavlovich Orlov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The paper deals with the political history of the Achaemenid Empire during the reign of Darius I (522–486 BC). Special attention is paid to the position of six noble Persians under Darius I and their role during the subsequent period. The aim of the paper is to show what factors influenced the relationships between the Great King and Persian nobility. Therefore, we set the following research tasks in this work: 1) to define the responsibilities of the Persian nobility associated with the governance of the Achaemenid Empire; 2) to determine whether the Persian nobility could get the supreme power in the country. The following research methods were used: analogy, historical-genetic and narrative methods, as well as analysis and synthesis. The conclusion is made that the relationships between the king and his subjects is a complex multifactorial process, which had a great influence on the political system of the Achaemenid Empire. Furthermore, the relationships between the king and Persian nobility were influenced by the blood and matrimonial kinship. The author believes that the Persian king was primus inter pares and the head of six main noble clans. He ruled the nation in continual consultation with the leading members of the Persian nobility. At the same time, the king sought to strengthen the power by administrative reforms. The importance of this work lies in the fact that it shows how the balance of power between the king and Persian nobility was maintained in the Achaemenid Empire.

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«ТАЙНЫЙ» АСКЕТИЗМ СВ. РАДЕГУНДЫ: КОНСТРУИРОВАНИЕ СВЯТОСТИ В АГИОГРАФИИ РАННЕГО СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ

Author(s): Nataliya Yurevna Bikeeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

This paper critically examines the hagiographical image of St. Radegund, the patroness of Poitiers, Frankish queen, and the foundress of one of the first convents, in the Vita written by Venantius Fortunatus. The author of this paper concludes that the hagiographers represented ascetic practices and, thus, saint-hood itself differently. It depends on many factors: the author’s personality, inner intentions, and self-interest; hagiographers’ social status and their potential auditory. Special attention is paid to the motif of “secrecy” in the description of the ascetic practices of Radegund, as well as to the explanation of V. Fortunatus’ attention to the aspect of the holiness of Radegund. Similar motives for secrecy are not found, either in other Vitae by V. Fortunatus or in the spiritual biographies of other holy women of the period compiled by different authors. In our opinion, this is largely explained by the following reasons: 1. Firstly, the hagiographer wanted to glorify the heroine and to establish and promote her cult. The motif of secrecy was one of the ways to emphasize the Christian virtues and humility of Radegund. 2. Furthermore, V. Fortunatus wanted to show that he knew something that was hidden from others. Thus, the motif of “secret” asceticism is used to emphasize the influence and significance of the Vita’s author. 3. Finally, the writing of the sacred biography of Radegund might have promoted V. Fortunatus’ own career. He became the bishop of Poitiers a few years after the writing of the life of Radegund, the famous and powerful queen-nun of this region.

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ФЕРНАНДО ЧЕКА КРЕМАДЕС О ПРОБЛЕМЕ ИСТОКОВ РЕНЕССАНСА В ИСПАНИИ

Author(s): Natalia Vasilievna Antonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The present paper looks at the interpretation of the Early Renaissance Spanish culture by Fernando Checa Cremades (1952), one of the contemporary Spanish scholars. The research aims to introduce the peculiar concept of Spanish Renaissance created by F. Checa to the Russian academic circles. It focuses on the way the Spanish historian explains the first steps of Renaissance on the Iberian Peninsula and his views regarding various aspects of the Spanish culture during the second half of the 15th century and the early 16th century. To achieve the set objective, methods that are typically employed by historians for studying national intellectual heritage are used. The problem is considered from different perspectives in order to assess the validity and reliability of the approach. Both primary and secondary scholarly sources along with data from the scholarly debates on the subject are utilized to better understand the studied problem. The specific features of F. Checa’s conception are identified and the importance of his contribution into the Spanish and international tradition of studying the Renaissance culture is demonstrated by comparing the ideas presented by F. Checa with those expressed by Russian and European hispanists. The information provided in the present paper can be of interest both for historians and historiog-raphers, since it helps to gain an insight into the Spanish Renaissance culture and the contemporary Iberian intellectual tradition of understanding the past.

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РЕЦЕПЦИЯ АНТИЧНОСТИ КАК МЕТАМОРФОЗА «ПОГРАНИЧЬЯ» В ПОЛЬСКОМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОМ КОНТЕКСТЕ ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЫ ХХ – НАЧАЛА XXI В.

Author(s): Anastasia Valerievna Ashaeva,Evgenii Aleksandrovich Chiglintsev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The paper is devoted to the research of the Polish historiography of antiquity reception in the second half of the 20th – early 21st century. The appeal to Graeco-Roman antiquity in the cultural practices of the Central Eastern European region during the last decade has become a subject of research from the standpoint of regional and sociocultural studies, as well as interaction with local cultural traditions of individual countries. The historiographical experience of Poland demonstrates a certain connotation of the ancient heritage in the context of “frontier”, which characterizes the position of the entire region since 1989 and allows construction of the historical/cultural memory of the Polish society at the crossroads of cultural traditions of the East and West. The aim of the research is to identify the specifics of antiquity reception in Poland, which is reflected in the Polish academic historiography and literary tradition (Z. Herbert, J. Bohensky, and R. Kapuscinski). The task of the paper is to determine how the Polish professional academic studies of antiquity demonstrate the attitude to antiquity reception from the standpoint of self-identification and self-reflection of the community under the conditions of changes in the sociocultural situation. Simultaneously, the problem of considering reception of the ancient heritage in the Polish culture, such as in the intellectual literary tradition, is solved. The sociocultural approach to the investigated problem allows to show the forms and mechanisms of development of separate historiographic images of antiquity. The trends and approaches to study of the ancient heritage that developed in Poland make it possible to consider antiquity as the integral part of the culture of socialist Poland and such phenomena accompanying it as dissidence, anti-socialist fight, and revival of national identity, as well as turn antiquity into a tool for constructing the post-socialist historical and cultural memory and renewed pan-European identity of the Polish society in the 21st century.

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The Budding Aromas from Taco Trucks: Taste and Space in Austin, Texas

Author(s): Robert D. Lemon / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This paper evaluates how taste preferences produce space in Austin, Texas. Austin is a booming city. Indeed, it has been the fastest growing metro area in the United States for the past 20 years. It is also renowned for its evolving and enthralling food truck scene. Food trucks of all sorts spring up throughout the city. Some of the more innovative foods stem from gourmet trucks. And these trucks often become symbolic capital that spur gentrification. Other trucks, such as the traditional taco truck, are ensconced in marginalized neighborhoods. They feed the working masses of Mexicans who flock to Austin to find work. Certainly, the gourmet truck vendors experiment with food flavors; however, taco truck entrepreneurs are innovative as well. The taco truck cooks modify their menus to accommodate Austin’s shifting demographics. To this end, I argue Austin’s landscape transformation can be examined through cooking practices. This paper takes a close look at how immigrant cooks negotiate social spaces through the foods they make. In so doing, I interviewed two traditional taco truck owners about how they decide what to cook based on the social spaces in which they park their trucks. Surprisingly, their subtle choices reflect the changing culture and budding taste preferences of the city’s residents

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Exploring Potentials for Culinary Tourism through a Food Festival: The Case of Thessaloniki Food Festival

Author(s): George Chatzinakos / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This paper seeks to conceptualize the way Thessaloniki is promoting culinary tourism, whilst supporting and building upon local networks; engaging and co-creating an urban experience with its citizens and visitors. The aim of the paper is to suggest a potential framework that can be used as a strategic planning tool for the promotion of culinary tourism in Thessaloniki. To this end, a food festival is being investigated. This has been conceived by the organizers as the foundation of the idea of culinary tourism in the city. However, the findings indicate that there is a lack of active participation by the locals and not enough communication among various assets that are associated with the culinary identity of the city. In general, Thessaloniki seems to embody the ongoing struggle of an emerging destination, which is dealing with the complex process of branding and marketing without having the proper tools and the necessary collaboration required between its structural networks. Accordingly, the research provides a lens through which the culinary culture of Thessaloniki can be used as a strategic pillar for stimulating a sustainable way of “consuming” whilst also promoting the city’s identity; enhancing Thessaloniki’s appeal as a culinary destination.

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Food and wine tourism and urban local development

Author(s): Gabriele Di Francesco / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Food and wine tourism in Italy is characterized by the reference to natural foods and to the history of the cities. For most of the foods the bond with the territories and especially with the cities was and is crucial. Always food, typically produced in a family business, have the same name of the cities, as if the city was the real corporate brand of taste. This city brand is often copied in many countries of the world to product industrial supplies that have a wide commercial distribution. These products are impossible to reproduce. They are the result of the combination of local products, craft skills, bonds with legendary or real historical events. The reflection on the food and wine tourism and urban development, comes from these assumptions. With a socio-anthropological approach, some methods and qualitative techniques were used, as the historical comparative method, document analysis and participant observation. These methods were applied to investigate three different Italian towns that gave the name to three foods: Marino, with the wine festival, Fabriano with its production of salami and Ascoli Piceno with the production of the Ascoli olive. The Marino Grape Festival is based on legendary events, on the presence of ancient vineyards, on the representation in the style of 1500s square machines. In Fabriano is produced a famous salami dates back to medieval times, reproduced in paintings and frescoes and handed down to us with a disciplinary unchanged. Ascoli Piceno has given its name to a prized food preparation called Oliva Ascolana. Marino has thousands of visitors every year to drink and buy wine and to participate in the grape and wine festivals. Fabriano has a tourism that seeks the history, architecture, art and the taste of his salami. The Ascoli olive stuffed with meat and spices is great tourist vehicle to Ascoli Piceno.

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ZACHOWANIA KONSUMENTÓW NA RYNKU MARKOWEJ ODZIEŻY

Author(s): Joanna Newerli-Guz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

Intense competition in the clothes market causes a big activity of both producers and consumers. One of response from the manufacturers' side is fast fashion – the supply of clothing products to stores in the shortest possible time, resulting in the existence of up to 20 subseasons during one year. Consumers’ response to it are both more frequent purchases, as well as looking for cheaper sources of branded products. One of them is the second-hand shops or outlets. On the clothes market there is a growing group of consumers of branded apparel products, for which the high price is not a barrier in buying. Many factors determine consumer behavior on clothing market, among them is the brand of these products. The aim of the paper is to assess the buying behavior of the selected group of respondents and the impact of brand clothing products to these behaviors. The study was conducted on a 220-person sample.

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ZMIANY NAWYKÓW ŻYWIENIOWYCH W ZACHOWANIACH DEKONSUMPCYJNYCH

Author(s): Wanda Patrzałek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2015

The purpose of the paper is the analysis of changes in eating habits in the context of the use of elimination diets associated with deconsumption as one of the most important contemporary trends in consumer behavior. The paper uses the results of research conducted under the supervision of the author on the causes associated with the use of vegetarian diets and consumption patterns among Wroclaw vegetarians. The research, carried out by diagnostic survey method, attempts to determine sourcing information about vegetarian food, as well as the structure of products appearing in the diet of vegetarians. The specificity of consumption among Wroclaw vegetarians is related to the nutritional changes of Poles, connected with the use of their diet, indicated in national CBOS research.

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