GAZİANTEP KENT MERKEZİNDE HAMAM KÜLTÜRÜ

Author(s): Ayşenur ÖZDAL / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

Baths hold an important place in Turkish culture as traditional cleansing spaces. Designed within spacious structures, baths have been social areas where cultural values revolving around cleanliness are preserved and social interactions take place. The bath tradition in Anatolia is a continuation of the Roman bath culture, which has gradually acquired new values and formed its own distinctive identity. In this study, the aim was to document and preserve the bath culture in the city center of Gaziantep within the framework of safeguarding both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. To achieve this goal, a combination of literature review, personal interviews, and observational methods were employed to gather data. The obtained data aimed to determine the current state and changes in Gaziantep's bath culture over the past century. Following an introduction to the history of bath culture and information about Gaziantep's baths, the study provides insights into the various types of baths and the literary works created around the bath culture in Gaziantep within the context of ceremonial traditions. Subsequently, information about the Gaziantep Hamam Museum, which contributes to the recognition of bath traditions in the city's culture, is presented. Furthermore, a glimpse is given into the changing bathing structures and culture in contemporary times, along with the transformation and evolution of the bath tradition. As a result, it has been observed that over the past century, baths, once vibrant cultural spaces, have gradually lost their traditional functions. Traditional baths have been gradually replaced by individual home bathrooms and new establishments within the framework of luxury consumption, such as hotels, where some of the old traditions have been lost while others have been updated and transformed.

ŞAİR GÖZÜKARA’NIN KALEMİNDEN 6 ŞUBAT 2023’TE YAŞANAN KAHRAMANMARAŞ DEPREMİ

Author(s): Adnan BOYUNDURUK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 43/2023

The tradition of minstrelsy is one of the most important living treasures of Turkish culture. During their life time, the representatives of this tradition expressed the pain, joy and longing, aesthetic and cultural values of the people through their works. Throughout history, many poets and minstrels such as Abdurrahim Karakoç, Ahmet Çıtak and Derdiçok have been raised in the town of Elbistan in Kahramanmaraş, which is a part of the Turkish cultural geography. Today, Mehmet Gözükara is one of the most important poets living in the district of Elbistan. In his works, the poet Gözükara expresses the failing aspects of society, his joys, longings and sorrows through his works. On February 6, 2023, there were two earthquakes, the epicenter of which was Kahramanmaraş. Hundreds of thousands of people migrated, tens of thousands of people died and various sufferings were experienced in this earthquake, which affected eleven provinces in Turkey. One of the centers affected by the earthquake disaster is the district of Elbistan. Poet Gözükara has written works in which he expresses his experiences in the district of Elbistan during the earthquake, what happened after the earthquake, the migrations due to the earthquake disaster, and the pain, desperation and feelings of hope of people as a result of migration. In the article, information about the life, works and poems of the poet Mehmet Gözükara, which he wrote after the earthquake disaster, was obtained during the interview with him. Poet Mehmet Gözükara improvisational poetry constitutes an example of the living artist type who expressed the problems of the people through his works.

TÜKETİMDE ETİK HEDONİZMİN AMBALAJ TASARIMINA YANSIMASI: TONY'S CHOCOLONELY ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Selda FINDIKLI,Elif Sude SEVİM / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2023

Consumption culture describes the consumption ecosystem created, maintained, transformed and shaped by socio-economic conditions, which includes experience and meaning. Hedonism is expressed as maximizing one's happiness, pleasure and arbitrariness. Ethical hedonism, on the other hand, can be interpreted as an important meeting point where consumers, who build their identities through consumption, catch ethical principles and pleasure together. At this meeting point, packaging design is not only a visual impact area, but also a place where communication takes place. Media such as visual communication tools, advertisements, television programs, movies and social media try to encourage people to buy products and services by using themes that will affect hedonism. In line with all this, the aim of the study is to analyze the symbolism and ethical discourse of the Tony's Chocolonely chocolate brand, which focuses on ethical production and commitment to social responsibility. The study examines the visual and linguistic elements of the brand within the scope of semiotic analysis, revealing the strategies to convey the messages that enjoy, activism and consumption and responsibility coexist in harmony. It also seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of how brands transcend the superficial aesthetic to engage consumers with a deep discourse about ethics, equality, and responsible consumption.

Теория, практика, resignation: Един дебат между Адорно и Маркузе

Author(s): Megy Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article traces the fundamental question that has always stood in front of critical theory since Marx ‒ the relationship between theory and practice. The focus will be mainly on the role of the theory: what is, what can be and what should be the relationship of critical theory (mainly Theodor Adorno’s as negative dialectics) to practice, to context, to the world. This question has faced critical theory since the Eleventh thesis on Feuerbach, in which the distinction between descriptive, purely theoretical philosophy and practical philosophy is reconciled. On the other hand, the main accusations against the philosophy of Adorno and Horkheimer consist of lack of practical commitment, of resignation; here once again that central question will be posed: what is the practical potential and commitment of Adorno’s negative dialectic specifically. Adorno calls for a return to theory and moving away from revolutionary practice, as he believes that in that context (1968/9) this practice is impossible. The question will be traced through the debate between Adorno and Marcuse and their disagreement regarding the potential and role of critical theory.

Насилие и метафизика и котки

Author(s): Darin Tenev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article addresses the problem of cat cruelty represented in Post-war and Contemporary Japanese Literature, discussing it against the background of the attitude toward cats in the West and in Japan before the WWII. I give numerous examples of violence against cats in Japanese fiction written between 1945 and 2020 but I focus in particular, on the one hand, on a scandal involving the writer Bando Masako who admitted in an essay published by Nihon Keizai Shinbun that she kills kittens precisely because she loves cats, and on the other, on a short text by Shibusawa Tatsuhiko, titled „Cats and Metaphysics“. The analyses show that even though there are significant and irreducible cultural differences cat cruelty throughout the ages shares a common motive, a motive I see as metaphysical, that has to do with man’s finitude facing what the human being cannot thoroughly understand. In the factual and real violence against cats there is already a fictional moment involved, a motive that makes the distinction between „real“ and „literary“ cats difficult. It is this motive that reveals most of the attempts to legitimize violence against cats as unacceptable. Violence poses a metaphysical question concerning the epistemological and ontological finitude of the human being and at the same time attempts to be the answer to that question at the point where the question cannot be answered. As a response violence is irresponsible.

Gamer Identity: How Playing and Gaming Determines How Those Engaged in Gaming See Themselves

Author(s): Oleg Dietkow / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The issue with gamer identity has been troubling researchers for the last decade. Despite trying to assign different parameters such as time spent playing, individuals themselves do not identify along such lines and the reasons why one person defines themselves as a gamer and another does not have not been clear. The goal of this paper to demonstrate, by applying B. Suits ontology of games and understanding identity in accordance with H.-G. Moeller’s concept of profilicity as a form of identity construction, the existence of two separate constructs of the gamer label. To demonstrate this, a series of interviews were conducted with two groups of people engaged in gaming: those who sought fun and those that desired winning. Both groups show clear differences in self-identification with their identity and the observed differences explain inconsistencies and issues observed by prior studies. Playing for fun is a factor that acts against seeing oneself as a gamer while playing to win is a factor inducive towards identifying as a gamer. Those that seek winning are likely to seek validation of their identity by comparing themselves to known gamer influencers while those that prefer playing over gaming will construct their definition of a gamer in an authentic manner.

Women in the World of Digital Games: The Case of Slovakia

Author(s): Anna Hurajová,Alexej Slezák,Vladimíra Hladíková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This research paper aims to provide a picture of women’s participation in various positions in the field of digital games in Slovakia, such as creators of game content, women involved in eSports, the gaming industry, casual gamers as well as women working in the field of digital game education. Based on theoretical knowledge and qualitative in-depth interviews with seven women working in various positions in the gaming industry, the women’s positive and negative work experiences, and the problems and obstacles linked to their gender were identified. The research is specifically focused on the situation of women in the gaming industry in Slovakia. The results show that female gamers and streamers face negative behaviour from their fellow players and viewers which may result in an array of negative consequences. Findings also indicate that the low representation of women insome areas of the gaming industry is a consequence of prevailing gender roles in society. Furthermore, women’s participation in eSports and competitive gaming is limited due to toxic meritocracy, prevailing masculinity and sexism.

Kultura designu. Nowe obszary teorii i praktyki

Author(s): Agata Szydłowska,Karolina J. Dudek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Ostrożny Prometeusz? Kilka kroków ku filozofii dizajnu, ze specjalnym uwzględnieniem Petera Sloterdijka

Author(s): Bruno Latour / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Ontologiczny design - krytyczne zaangażowanie na rzecz radykalnie zrównoważonej przyszłości

Author(s): Jakub Barszczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Contemporary reflection on design postulates a radical change in thinking in this regard. In addition to a more conventional critique of the entanglement of design in the logic of profit and the legitimacy of the capitalist organisation of social life, attention is also drawn to the limitations that result from the fact that this activity is rooted in Eurocentric and Cartesian ontology. In analogy to the contemporary debate in the social sciences on the agency of “invisible actors” (including non-human actors, nature, and space), the design theorists described in this text (Anne-Marie Willis, Ezio Manzini, Tony Fry, Cameron Tonkinwise, Madina Tlostanova) look for a different perspective from which to examine the relationship between designers and the worlds they create. Increasingly, emphasis is being placed on the fact that the practice of designing is not just an individual act of creation but can also be interpreted in terms of a distributed agency whose effects have a feedback impact on people and thus produce a basis for innovative social practices. Ecological and postcolonial criticism of design points to the need to adopt an anti-dualistic, anti-anthropocentric, and relationalist approach to reality, as this would allow for an emancipatory reformulation of the existing relationship between the individual, nature, and the community. This type of reflection on design is also an attempt to reinterpret the problem of innovation and development. Thus, design becomes a critical and utopian endeavour to invent a new way of organising society and its relation to non-human actors.

Porządkowanie rzeczy i ludzi. O zaletach etnografii procesu projektowego

Author(s): Krzysztof Janas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

The aim of this article is to indicate the benefits that ethnographic exploration of the design process can bring to social design studies. Drawing on the work of authors writing on the basis of pragmatic approaches, science and technology studies (STS), and actor–network theory (ANT), the text analyses design as a socio-technical and situated practice of “ordering things and people” and thus also of negotiating and shaping a common world. The text considers both ethnographic reports, in which researchers have tried to understand and describe how designers work, and a completely different research area – the anthropology of medical practices (in the spirit of ANT, as proposed by Annemarie Mol). The article tries to show that the findings from this field are quite similar to the reflections of ethnographic studies on the design process and offer promising insights for a relational ontology of design that can be studied empirically.

„Proces projektowy” – o podzielaniu doświadczenia społecznego

Author(s): Ewa Klekot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Danish anthropologist Kirsten Hastrup has declared that if “We cannot experience the world from the perspective of others, we can still share their social experience.” My own perspective in the field of design – which involves sharing the social experience of anthropologists in a number of ways – encourages me to offer a phenomenological reflection on the “design process.” My position as an anthropologist and ethnographer combining her research with teaching at a design school has resulted in collaboration with designers in co-taught courses, research projects, exhibitions, and publications. The different pragmatics of ethnography and education have encouraged me to develop tools for a discursive rendering of the processes in which I partake: both for my own research purposes and for designers and design students to use in reflecting on their own activities while working on their projects. “Design process” is an emic, designerly expression, defined by the most prominent writers on the topic. I attempt to reflect on its non-hylemorphic understanding of creativity and its contextualisation within the Ingoldian sense of following the material.

Jak nie-projektantów uczyć projektowania

Author(s): Mariusz Wszołek,Krzysztof Moszczyński,Thomas Lewe / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Currently, the system of design education faces the challenge of redefining the possible scope and ways of educating future designers. The complexity of the world around us, both in the technological and geopolitical dimensions, as well as tasks related to climate protection and public health, pose entirely new challenges to the practice of design. A distinctive voice in regard to criticism of design education is the “Future of Design Education” project, which was strengthened by Donald Norman and Paul A. Kirschner’s famous text titled “The Teaching and Learning of Design.” Norman and Kirschner noticed a fundamental deficit in the education of designers in regard to their compatibility with so-called modernity: its complexity and challenges. In addition, the authors pointed to the lack of an interdisciplinary environment of knowledge, competence, and skills in educating future designers. The “Future of Design Education” initiative is an open forum for the exchange of ideas and experiences in design education – its goal is to try to rethink and redesign design education. The mere appearance of such an initiative allows us to draw two conclusions: (1) the design community has noticed deficits in the education system; (2) the design environment is self-reflective when attempting change through design. Design has changed from being goal-oriented to being criterion-oriented – the object of design is no longer the object but its usability, accessibility, or serviceability. In design, the context of products, services, or communication becomes crucial – contemporary education in the field of design should therefore focus on a holistic approach to design methodology and should supplement education with social, technical, economic, and environmental contexts. The design community’s current discussion on redesigning design education seems crucial. However, it is closed to the external perspective – interdisciplinarity, which is emphasised at every step in the theoretical sense, although it is not commonly used in ongoing discussions. The text addresses an even broader issue: teaching design to non-designers, thinking about design as a superior problem-solving competence and seeing designers as moderators and animators of social change.

Partnerstwo z rozsądku. Rola i miejsce nauk społecznych we współczesnym projektowaniu

Author(s): Tomasz Bierkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Zobaczyć i doświadczyć. O edukacji wizualnej artystów i projektantów rozmawiają Anna Barlik i Jan Buczek

Author(s): Anna Barlik,Jan Buczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

Przestrzenie wytwarzania i wytwarzanie przestrzeni

Author(s): Jacek Gądecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2022

This paper deals with Polish creative-workshop spaces. Its aim is to consider whether they can effectively function as third places, that is, as social spaces separated from the home and workplace. At the same time, it is also indicated that – being makerspaces – they themselves co-create the city. An additional goal of the paper is to redefine the concept of creativity in light of research on workshop spaces. This is important especially in the context of urban studies and the promotion of an entrepreneurial approach to cities. The text is based on the results of a quantitative-qualitative research project conducted in selected makerspaces, fab labs, and hackerspaces in Poland.

Selling the Scandinavian Ethos: Principal Marketing Strategies of Nordic Design Brands

Author(s): Anna Wiśnicka / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2022

This text presents and analyses the principal marketing strategies used by Danish, Swedish, and Finnish companies and describes the set of marketing messages characteristic of Scandinavian design brands. The most popular strategies involve geo-recognition, with sociolinguistic mechanisms that influence the names of companies and products and the self-description of brands. The contradictory issues of nobilitation and egalitarianism, which have a pivotal role in the advertising of specific products for different groups of recipients, are addressed. Co-branding, including image collaborations between brands operating in different sectors, and mass media influence (the leading tool of advertisement, through films, series, and TV commercials), are other strategies. Connections are established between design promotion and widely recognisable cultural phenomena, such as hygge or lagom. Analysis reveals that the main marketing strategies characteristic of the design brands of the North revolve around a multitude of connections to Scandinavian heritage and culture.

Modality in Sustainability Discourse by Harrods and Liberty: Analysing British Cultural Icons’ Discursive Practices

Author(s): Oleksandr Kapranov / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2023

The article presents and discusses a mixed-method study whose aim is to find out how Harrods and Liberty, two luxury department stores in London (the United Kingdom) that are referred to as British cultural icons (visitbritain.com 2023), use modality that is expressed by modal verbs (e.g., can) in their discourse on sustainability. Methodologically, the study is based upon the literature (Aiezza 2015; Bu et al. 2020; Garzone & Catenaccio 2022; Kranich & Bicsar 2012), which argues that modal verbs play a number of important pragmatic roles in corporate discourse. Following the literature, it is hypothesised in the study that modal verbs in sustainability discourses by Harrods and Liberty are employed in a pragmatically similar manner. In order to verify the hypothesis, a corpus of Harrods’ and Liberty’s sustainability discourses is collected and analysed quantitatively in the computer program AntConc (Anthony 2022) to compute the frequency of the occurrence of modal verbs. Thereafter, the most frequent modal verbs in the corpus are examined qualitatively to establish their pragmatic roles in Harrods’ and Liberty’s sustainability discourses. The findings indicate that these discourses make use of the modal verbs will and can as boosters that contribute to a positive corporate image-building.

Overwork and Exploitation: Sleep Deprivation in Investment Banking

Author(s): Todor Hristov / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2023

No tyranny has been powerful enough to deprive the people of sleep. Nevertheless, a series of surveys in recent years have found that sleep deprivation is increasing globally. This article tries to explain this trend as an effect of the virtualization of labor time or, to simplify, the transformation of labor time into a potential value that cannot be exhaustively actualized. The logic of this transformation can be recognized in the concept of human capital, and its microphysics: in mechanisms such as deadlines, project presentations, client meetings, and temporary labor contracts. The article argues that the virtualization of labor time detaches exploitation from oppression, reshapes it into repression or depression, blocks the defense mechanisms provided by social and civil rights, and makes us vulnerable to violence from within.

Professor Petar-Emil Mitev (1936–2023)

Author(s): Elitsa Stanoeva / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2023

Professor Petar-Emil Mitev (1936–2023)