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Aspekt kulturoznawczy w kształceniu językowym studentów rusycystyki (w świetle rosyjskiej literatury glottodydaktycznej oraz praktyki nauczania rosyjskiej etykiety językowej)

Author(s): Dorota Dziewanowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The author of the article, on the basis of works of Russian glottodidactic specialists and cultural scientists, discusses the main aspects of preparing Russian philology students for adequate participating in intercultural communication. She points out the necessity of forming not only the mechanisms of communicative act but also the so-called intercultural communicative competence. This competence assumes the knowledge of cultural facts and norms regulating communication in a given language. Introducing cultural knowledge into foreign language teaching makes it possible to accomplish educational aims and forming students’ personality. In the final part of the article, the author presents her experience in forming the intercultural science competence in the sphere of language etiquette in students of the Pedagogical University in Cracow.

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Are we Hindus? Religion in contemporary Tamil Dalit discourse

Author(s): Pavel Hons / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Based primarily on original sources in Tamil as well as interviews, the article seeks to portray the attitude of Tamil Dalit intellectuals and political leaders towards the question of religion. It seeks to discover the role of religion in their discourse and how they utilise religious matters to mobilise their fellow caste members. It maps their efforts to distance themselves from Hinduism and to propagate the particularity of Dalit deities and Dalit religion as a part of their newly constructed identity. Their opinions on the possibility of conversion are also briefly noted. These attitudes are examined from the viewpoint of the differing emancipation strategies of the three major Tamil Dalit castes. The Paraiyar as well as the Arunthaiyar leaders try to reject the Hindu identity, though the common folk consider themselves to be Hindus. The Devendrars on the contrary associate themselves with the Hindu gods and Hindu temples, they claim direct connection with some of them. Even they, however, tend to emphasise particularity of their deities as a part of their identity building.

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Psychotherapy and emancipation

Author(s): Paweł Dybel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In the article I ask the question about the place of an emancipatory task within various forms of psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, where conversations with the patient play an important role. This task arises on discovering that an important source of the patient’s problems are views inherited from cultural traditions, ones which inhibit a proper assessment of various traumatic situations from the past and the forms of dependence on others. Then psychotherapists and psychoanalysts are inevitably faced with the task of making the patient aware of these limitations and forms of dependence, for only then is therapeutic progress possible. I provide three characteristic examples of similar cases from Polish psychiatric tradition, in which we can speak of a similarly binding role of cultural tradition in the process of therapy. I point out that the difficult situation the therapist then finds themselves in lies in the fact that, on the one hand, they have to depart from the postulate of maintaining world-view neutrality in their approach to the patient while, on the other hand, they cannot directly impose their own position on the patient. The therapist has to find a third, middle way between these two attitudes, one which requires great sensitivity in any approaches to the patient.

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Joga dla Polki i Polaka. Rzut oka na recepcję indyjskiej duchowości w Polsce

Author(s): Marzenna Jakubczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The article starts with a review of data on the religious affiliations and involvement of contemporary Poles, with special focus on religious traditions originating in India. Then, outlined briefly is the Polish reception of the Hindu and Buddhist religio-philosophical ideas, regarding the period between the mid-nineteenth century, through the 1990s and on to the present day. Both the oriental religions and psychophysical exercises associated with yoga have various connotations for Poles, who mostly identify themselves as Christians. Along with the gradually growing popularity of modern postural yoga, one can observe increasing fears and prejudices developing, ones which are usually based on ignorance or confusion. In the following part of the article the term “yoga” is elucidated. The author also discusses the origin and the significance of yoga as a phenomenon within the context of Hindu culture. Finally, she considers the question as to whether yoga, as it has been adopted in Polish society, should be rather associated with physical culture and a method of relaxation or with a religious movement and a spiritual path. In conclusion, the author addresses the issue of the alleged incompatibility and discrepancy between the non-western ideas implied by yoga and the Roman Catholic worldview predominating in Poland.

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Reminiscencje mitologiczne w polskiej i rosyjskiej wersji gry komputerowej Dota 2 – analiza porównawcza

Author(s): Marcin Dziwisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

This article is devoted to a problem of using references to mythological characters in e-sport games. Creators of the game refer to motifs from Greek, Anglo-Saxon, Roman and Chinese mythology. Conducted research has shown that the image of the threads and mythological characters used in the game is somewhat distorted compared to the original.

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Das schlesische Aschenputtel als Romanfigur...: ein Beitrag zu einer deutsch-polnischen „Doppelbiographie“

Author(s): Nina Nowara-Matusik / Language(s): German Issue: 22/2022

The subject of this article is the Polish-German “double biography” of Countess Joanna von Schaffgotsch as portrayed in the novel Zink wird Gold by Georg Zivier and Hans Nowak and in Gustaw Morcinek’s Pokład Joanny. The comparative analysis focuses on the dominant narrative threads and the approaches to represent this historical figure, with the portrayal of the countess as the “Silesian Cinderella” existing as a point of reference in the public consciousness. The analyses conducted in this context lead to the conclusion that Nowak/Zivier’s biography of the countess generally corresponds to historical truth and is realistic in this sense, while the ideological aspect dominates in Morcinek’s narration. The two ‘biographies’ do not take into account the regional specificity of the Countess figure.

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Karla Dedeciusa portret podwójny... O tłumaczu poezji polskiej i autorze refleksji o literaturze

Author(s): Danuta Łazarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

The aim of this article is to portray Karl Dedecius, a translator of Polish poetry and author of reflections on literature. The picture of the connoisseur and lover of Polish works is accompanied by parallel reflections on Dedecius as a person, his double biography, the role he played in dealing with the works of Polish writers as well as the influence of literature on him. The reflections are based, among other things, on the research into Dedecius’ essays, lectures, his autobiography and his correspondence with Tadeusz Różewicz. The proposed considerations and the types of documents mentioned – which contain a wealth of information about the translator’s private life, e.g. his preferred values, hi views on interpersonal relations, and his professional life, e.g. his passion for translating literature, its influence on building positive relations between nations – are related to selected elements of the theory and methodology of biographical research.

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„Utopkowa” tożsamość w niemieckojęzycznej powieści Leszka Libery

Author(s): Agnieszka Miernik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

This article reflects on the universal values of Leszek Libera’s novel Utopek, on what always remains “unspeakable” in Silesian issues, and on the internal life of the personal (author’s) and collective memory of Silesian generations. The author deals, in an original and profound way, with the problems that are still traumatic for many people in Upper Silesia. The complex Polish-German biographies of the inhabitants of the Silesian lands include the fate of the author and his family, contributing to the collective memory of a difficult past. Written in exile, the German-language work was highly praised by native critics, who stressed that the novel could rival the great classics. The emigrants outlook allowed for a distanced and multi-perspective view of history that cannot be discussed in rigid paradigms. The specificity, complexity and indeterminacy of Silesian identity are expressed in the novel through the figure of the Utopling, a fictional being who does not fit into the world in which he lives, who perceives the absurdities of reality and longs to return to his native utopia. The figure of the Utopling embraces the extremes and opposites inherent in the Silesian landscape. The character is at once hypersensitive and cruel, native and universal, local and a stranger, outgoing and claustrophobic, likeable and repulsive.

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Schwarze Katze – podwójna biografia Karin Wolff w świetle badań nad tłumaczką

Author(s): Karolina Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

The aim of the above article is to reconstruct the biography of Karin Wolff, a distinguished translator of Polish literature in Germany (more than 90 translations), who was active in the opposition in the GDR and the Polish People’s Republic. The author presents Wolff’s activities to popularize Polish culture (including the organization of a Polish literate salon in Frankfurt/Oder), her contacts with Polish poets (e.g. Jan Twardowski, Jerzy Ficowski) and her numerous publishing initiatives.

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Służba kobiety

Author(s): Zofia Ozaist-Zgodzińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2022

Review of: Służba kobiety Dariusz Kulesza, Zofia Kossak-Szczucka. Służba, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2021, ss. 260

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Historyk w podróży, czyli Adolfa Pawińskiego wędrówki po Półwyspie Iberyjskim… (Hiszpania. Listy z podróży)

Author(s): Maria Jolanta Olszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2021

Spain: Adolf Pawiński’s letters from his travels in Spain was written in 1880. We are not dealing with a perieghesis in the nature of a scientific report or a sightseeing guide, but with a collection of texts written with the Polish reader in mind. The correspondence was to be published in the Warsaw press. This explains the volume’s character, content, and form. Pawiński wanted to give a complete picture of Spain, which he visited primarily as a historian, archivist, and tourist. Knowledge of the Spanish language allowed him to get closer to the Spanish world and understand it better. The description of the country is picturesque and, at the same time, historical. In Pawiński’s view, Spain is an “agglomerate”. The image of Spain is multi-faceted, based on knowledge and expressing his fascination with writing

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Reportaż magiczny? Uwagi o Wszystkich zajęciach Yoirysa Manuela Adama Kwaśnego

Author(s): Tomasz Pindel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2021

Wszystkie zajęcia Yoirysa Manuela [All occupations of Yoirys Manuel] by Adam Kwaśny (2017) is a collection of stories about the inhabitants of the city of Trinidad in Cuba, which can be read as an attempt to look for a new approach in the travel literature and reportage writing. By the use of the techniques typical for magical realism and non-fiction literature at the same time, the work shows the reality of the city from the perspective of its inhabitants, or more precisely: from the perspective of a narrator coming from the outside world, but sharing the beliefs and worldview of the described people.

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Contrasto tra città e campagna nella Polonia rinascimentalesullo sfondo delle aspirazioni culturali degli ex-studenti e dei viaggiatori polacchi a Padova

Author(s): Mirosław Lenart / Language(s): Italian Issue: 20/2020

A deep understanding of the contradiction between the world of culture, represented by the city, and nature, connected with village life, was captured in Titian’s fresco from 1511, illustrating the miracle of Saint Anthony, which takes place on the border of these two spaces. Such a sophisticated perception of this contrast, which is typical of Italian Renaissance, did not find its equivalent in Poland, where cities and court culture were less representative. Mass contact of Polish students, who arrived especially in Padua, with the culture of Venetian villas, during the Renaissance period, had an enormous impact on ideological attempts at reflecting humanistic models in literature, art and life, which developed in Italy. The paper presents numerous examples of such inspirations and points to their uniqueness, which consists in adapting Italian models to the reality in a different world of imagination and sensitivity.A deep understanding of the contradiction between the world of culture, represented by the city, and nature, connected with village life, was captured in Titian’s fresco from 1511, illustrating the miracle of Saint Anthony, which takes place on the border of these two spaces. Such a sophisticated perception of this contrast, which is typical of Italian Renaissance, did not find its equivalent in Poland, where cities and court culture were less representative. Mass contact of Polish students, who arrived especially in Padua, with the culture of Venetian villas, during the Renaissance period, had an enormous impact on ideological attempts at reflecting humanistic models in literature, art and life, which developed in Italy. The paper presents numerous examples of such inspirations and points to their uniqueness, which consists in adapting Italian models to the reality in a different world of imagination and sensitivity.

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Polska epika bohaterska przed i po Gofredzie

Author(s): Roman Krzywy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2020

The article is a review of the most important trends in the development of the Polish epic in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the absence of significant traditions of knightly works, the creation of Polish heroic poetry should be associated primarily with the humanistic move¬ment, whose representatives set a heroic epic at the top of the hierarchy of genres and rec¬ognized Eneid as its primary model. The postulate proposed first by the Renaissance and later by the Baroque authors did not lead to the creation of a ‘real’ epic in Poland. The trans¬lations of: the Virgil’s epic poem (1590) by Andrzej Kochanowski and Book 3 of The Iliad by Jan Kochanowski can be regarded as the genre substitutes. These translations seem to test whether the young Polish poetic language is able to bear the burden of an epic matter. Then again, the works of Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski on the Latin Lechias (the 1st half of the 17th century), which was to present the beginnings of the Polish state, were not completed. Polish Renaissance authors preferred themes from modern or even recent history, choosing Bellum civile by Lucan as their general model but they did not refrain from typically heroic means in the presentation of the subject. This is evidenced by such poems as The Prussian War (1516) by Joannis Vislicensis or Radivilias (1592) by Jan Radwan. The Latin epic works were followed by the vernacular epic in the 17th century, when the historical epic poems by Samuel Twardowski and Wacław Potocki were created, as well as in the 18th century (the example of The Khotyn War by Ignacy Krasicki). The publication of Torquato Tasso’s Jerusalem delivered translation by Piotr Kochanowski in 1618 introduced to the Polish liter¬ature a third variant of an epic poem, which is a combination of a heroic poem and romance motives. The translation gained enormous recognition among literary audiences and was quickly included in the canon of imitated works, but not as a model of an epic, but mainly as a source of ideas and poetic phrases (it was used not only by epic poets). The exception here is the anonymous epos entitled The siege of Jasna Góra of Częstochowa, whose author spiced the historical action of the recent event with romance themes, an evident reference to the Tasso’s poem. The Polish translation of Tasso’s masterpiece also contributed to the popularity of the ottava rima, as an epic verse from the second half of the 17th century (previously the Polish alexandrine dominated as the equivalent of the ancient hexameter). This verse was used both in the historical and biblical epic poems, striving to face the rhythmic challenge.

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Jan Kochanowski w 1888 roku. Raport o stanie badań

Author(s): Urszula Kowalczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2020

In this paper, the author reconstructs a critical-literary discussion, which took place in 1888 after the release of the monograph devoted to Jan Kochanowski by Stanisław Tarnowski. It was an attempt at combining previous findings on the biography and work of the Renaissance poet. Reading the most important critical statements evoked by Tarnowski’s book made it possible to characterise an important state of research into Kochanowski’s work and indicate essential problematic issues (religious matters, ‘the Ronsard question’, the case of Kochanowski’s artistic creativity, assessing the advancement of knowledge about his works), which in the 19th century were regarded as arguable, unresolved or demanding a particular cognitive effort. The authors in those days, thanks to their joint effort, managed to determine the scope of issues which would be investigated by researchers in the following years.

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Potencjał błędu. Bat Country on LCD Leszka Onaka w mash -upowym dialogu z Trenem I Jana Kochanowskiego

Author(s): Bogusława Bodzioch-Bryła,Dariusz Rott / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2020

The text focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the poem 'Bat Country on LCD' by Leszek Onak, which is a new media, subversive processing of 'Lament 1' - one of the threnodies by Jan Kochanowski, the work which is well-established in the literary tradition. Due to the processes mentioned above, Kochanowski’s poem has been subject to a rapid and radical generative transformation. The authors emphasise that the work of Onak differs significantly from the previous artistic acts of Kochanowski’s followers because Onak grounds his creative strategy in the references to the sphere of new technologies, hybridisation processes, the programming language and, first of all, he uses the subversive remix and mash-up strategies, which results in a radical change of both, the situation of artistic communication and the reception behaviours.

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Cenzura prasy partyjnej na przykładzie „Gazety Pomorskiej” z lat 1949 –1950

Author(s): Wanda Ciszewska-Pawłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2021

Gazeta Pomorska, the press organ of the Provincial Committee of the Polish United Workers’, Party in Bydgoszcz, is an example of the party’s press closely related to a political grouping. The journal was created in 1949 as a result of merging local Pomeranian magazines: Głos Pomorza from Toruń and Gazeta Zachodnia from Bydgoszcz. The subject of the new periodical referred to the nature of the previous magazines. The novelty was the close connection with party issues. Censorship assessments of Gazeta Pomorska prepared by the Provincial Office of Control of Press, Publications and Shows (WUKPPiW) in Bydgoszcz in 1949 are not as enthusiastic as they would expect for a periodical related to the party in power. Their character and tone depend, among others, on the guidelines presented at the meetings of the party’s press editors, organized by the Press and Publishing Department of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party (Wydział Prasy i Wydawnictw KC PZPR).

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„Awizów przy naszym dworze bardzo jest mało”1 . Ks. Tomasz Perkowicz SJ (1652–1720) jako korespondent Anny Franciszki Zamoyskiej, podskarbiny koronnej. Studium z dziejów obiegu informacji w czasach saskich

Author(s): Bożena Popiołek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2020

The mass character of various manuscripts at the beginning of the 18th century made them an important communication medium and contributed to the rapid circulation of information. The care for obtaining reliable knowledge in the shortest possible time prompted the recipient of news to look for a medium that would deliver the news directly from the scene of the events or be processed little enough to give the impression of being real. One of the most important information media in the Saxon times was handwritten news, which played a significant role not only in disseminating knowledge about the world but also in creating a certain image of reality. However, attention should be paid to the specific type of communication in the handwritten media of this period, which allowed for many false, misleading, or deliberately prepared news in such a way as to create an appearance of reliability. This useless and even harmful knowledge, the purpose of which was to disinform its recipients, was an excellent political weapon in various strives and plots. The unstable political situation in the Polish Republic at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries favoured the dissemination of prepared news. The aim of these efforts was to perpetuate erroneous beliefs about the conduct of the main actors of certain events.

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IDENTYFIKOWANE RÓŻNICE I PODOBIEŃSTWA MIĘDZY POLSKIM SPOŁECZEŃSTWEM GOSZCZĄCYM A MIGRANTAMI Z UKRAINY I TURCJI — KONTEKST RYNKU PRACY I EDUKACJI

Author(s): Agnieszka Golińska,Magdalena Łużniak-Piecha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The purpose of the study was to analyse Pole’s acculturation orientations towards two migrant groups — people acquiring higher education and work experience, and at the same time coming from two culturally diﬀerent countries in relation to Poland: 1) from the relatively culturally close Ukraine, and 2) from Turkey, relatively culturally distant. The focus was on their cultural similarities and diﬀerences perceived by representatives of the host society in areas related to the labour market and education. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted and then subjected to qualitative analysis. People from Ukraine were generally described as culturally very similar to Poles, although detailed analysis of speciﬁc areas related to work and education also revealed a number of perceived cultural diﬀerences. As for the migrants from Turkey, in their general assessment the respondents emphasised the cultural diﬀerences, although they pointed to similarities when they could easily indicate a speciﬁc common group of aﬃliation (e.g. students). In the case of little cultural distance, there is therefore the danger of generalisation, leading to existing cultural diﬀerences being overlooked or ignored.

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Cyfrowe archiwum społeczne jako przedmiot badań dyskursologicznych. Prolegomena

Author(s): Bernadetta Ciesek-Ślizowska,Beata Duda,Ewa Ficek,Joanna Przyklenk,Katarzyna Sujkowska-Sobisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article first presents the phenomenon that is described today as the digital community archive. The overview of the discussed study object (cognitively interesting but so far still overlooked in the linguistic or discourse-oriented considerations on individual or common memory, memory culture, memory discourses, etc.) was preceded by some definition conclusions presented here. The researchers supplemented this overview with: 1. description of the socio-cultural background of the contemporary archival sources; 2. presentation of the research background, including the research assumptions and description methods; 3. assessment of possibilities and limitations connected with exploring the outlined field of study and indicating in this field the most important research problems, i.e.: subjects’ identities that can be seen in digital community archives; axiological and ideological aspects of the images of the past that are re/constructed by the participants of the community archive area; the subject plane and discursive image of the world; private and/vs. public discourse considering the community archives, and – in a broader sense – the position of the archive in the contemporary sphere of communication. The authors believe that the archive should receive more attention from the discourse researchers mainly due to its vital social role played not only in the humanities, but also in the contemporary participatory thinking (civic and community-generating).

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