Spór o "The Death of Klinghoffer" Johna Adamsa. Opera w opinii krytyków muzycznych

Author(s): Maryla Zając / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02 (29)/2016

In October 1985, several members of the Palestine Liberation Front hijacked the cruise ship Achille Lauro during its Mediterranean cruise. After the surrender of the terrorists, it came to light that a disabled passenger, Leon Klinghoffer, was killed by one of the kidnappers. The news of the attack was all the more disturbing that Klinghoffer belonged to the Jewish community. The case of abduction of Achille Lauro has been one of the most important topics in the field of international politics and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict for a long time. The idea of creating an opera based on those events came from one of the most distinctive directors of our time, Peter Sellars (1957–), who invited composer John Adams (1947–) to cooperation. Libretto was created by Alice Goodman (1958–). Stage presentation of the fate of the passengers of Achille Lauro was to be a musical background for the wider topic: Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The main aim of the authors of The Death of Klinghoffer, what they repeatedly stressed in interviews, was to present both sides: Jewish and Muslim; not only the design of the libretto and musical development, but also the right direction. Despite these assumptions, since the premiere in 1991 at the Brussels Théâtre Royale de La Monnaie, this opera is consequently dividing the audience into its hot enthusiasts and declared opponents. Demonstrations and protests, accusations of anti-Semitic content, presentation and justification of terrorism have led not only to a change in the score, but today they are almost inseparable elements of issue. This article focuses on the opinions on the opera by critics and music journalists. After presenting the context of creation, examples of the reception, analytical and creative works are shown, such as the opinions found in the reviews of the printed sources, as well as the online ones.

Muzykalia w zbiorach Państwowego Muzeum Auschwitz-Birkenau

Author(s): Hubert Szczęśniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01 (32)/2017

The article presents the conclusion of the research conducted by the author in the collection of the State Museum of Auschwitz-Birkenau, former German Nazi concentration and extermination camp. The sources are fully featured and described for the first time. The article focuses on showing a complicated post-war history of the camp items connected with music (musical instruments, printings, manuscripts, handwritten copies of instrumental books), which are auxiliary sources to reconstruct the repertoire of chapels in KL Auschwitz-Birkenau. The main aim of the article is to also discuss the preserved repertoire. In the last chapter, the author presents a short characteristics of original works composed by musicians and composers in slavery with a short analysis of all of them. Presented musical printings are a reflection of tastes of the German public in the 1930s as well as an example of ridiculous anthropological establishments of Nazi music scientists and no ability to implement it on listeners practice. In addition, the work contains annexes: musical instruments, original works composed during camp existence, and musical printings – a list of music materials which survived in the collection of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum.

Евреи, избягали от гетата и лагерите на територията на окупирана Полша в периода 1942 – 1945 г.

Author(s): Grzegorz Berendt / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

This article deals wiht the phenomenon of Jews that managed to escape from the ghettos and the camps in the territory of German-occupied Poland. In the analysis of the data from the encyclopaedia of the ghettos, published by the Institute Yad Vashem, as well as from the literature on the subject, the author found that at least 60 000 Jews has fled to the so called Aria area in occupied Poland.

Децата на институцията „възпитателно училище-интернат“

Author(s): Nadezhda Krasteva,Zhelyazka Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The article presents perspectives on the nature and possibilities of corrective measure “placement in a Correctional Boarding School” under the conditions of CBS.

The Revolution of the World’s View: Distruction of Traditional Spiritual Values of the Western Ukrainian Peasantry in the Conditions of the Soviet Totalitarism in 1939 – 1941

Author(s): Volodymyr Starka / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

Social transformations, the rapid development of scientific and technological progress, the change of the ruling regimes pose many challenges to the modern citizen. An average person is often not ready to psychologically resist rapid changes, and tries to adapt to them in a different way. In terms of fleeting social changes, we can observe an increase of interest towards religion in certain categories of population, because in a faith in God, people are trying to find spiritual support, protection and answers to the challenges of the present time. In view of this, studies of the transformation of religious consciousness in the conditions of socio-political transformations acquire a special relevance.

На бойното поле на символите: безследно изчезналите в Косово между паметта и историята (Част 1)

Author(s): Dimitar Atanasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The paper is the first part of a research, dedicated to the problem of how national identity of Kosovo is forged. It is analysed from the point of view of a particular case study – the missing persons and how their character is represented in the public discourses of Prishtina, Belgrad, and how the international community is involved.The problem of national identity building is considered in its complexity, taking into account numerous rival projects. The museum exhibition, dedicated to missing persons and cultural heritage artifacts could be regarded as case study.All the actors on the terrain apply their own ideological strategies, which could be identified in the concept of the “Missing” exhibition: how the personal memory is being domesticated and turned into history of the nation, how the transition from text to action was carried out, how memory, oblivion and history were (ab-)used as social building ideological toolkits. Particular attention was paid to the problem of the conceptualization of the recent past: how it was interpreted and attributed signs of prestige by the social actors involved in accordance to the interests of each of them.The ethnic conflict paradigm as a key concept widely used in contemporary humanities for explaining the Kosovo case as well as the disintegration of Yugoslavia is put under question. The history of the Museum of Kosovo is also involved, the debate between Belgrade and Prishtina for returning 1247 initially taken artifacts transported to Gračanica monastery and then to Belgrade in 1998 along with the withdrawal of the Yugoslav administration of the region is traced in its history and ideology, establishing references to the Kosovo myth, based on the folklore epics which were first published by Vik Karadžić in the 1820s and later became a canonized version of late medieval Serbian history.

Правото на живот на детето: помощ и спасителна дейност по време на Втората световна война (1939 – 1945) (скициране на проблема)

Author(s): Wiesław Theiss / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2018

The paper presents the problem of the rights of the child from socially-pedagogical perspective and in connection with the threats of the World War II. Some perspectives are outlined in the foreground: “military complex” and “zone of the social solidarity”. With the first term, the totality of the negative psychical, physical and social consequences that children endured in the result of the military actions are marked. With the second term, different forms of help and actions for children`s protection in case of threat for their life and existence are marked.

On Being Woman, Other and Disabled: Navigating Identity

Author(s): Shahd Alshammari / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

This article addresses disability in a Middle Eastern context. It interrogates disability and identity from a Bedouin perspective. The author relays her experiences with a physical disability and society’s stigmatization of different bodies. More often than not, this usually creates psychological traumas and a complex terrain of emotional tensions when dealing with society’s oppression of individuals with disability. The author engages with a discursive discussion of the struggles of navigating spaces of shame, the traumas of stigma, and ultimately healing in finding a voice that is separate from the collective.

Reclamation of the Disabled Body: A Textual Analysis of Browning’s Freaks (1932) vs Modern Media’s Sideshow Generation

Author(s): Sasha Dilan Krugman / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

This article introduces Tod Browning’s 1932 film Freaks, in conversation with nineteenth century carnival and fair practices and further explains the creation and development of the freakshow. In tandem with theoretical work by authors such as Judith Butler, Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, Adrianna Cavarero and Lennard Davis, the article positions the freakshow within disability and trauma through the notions of ‘staring’, ‘normal’ and ‘horrorism’. Using two contemporary texts such as American Horror Story: Freakshow and the reality television series Freakshow, this article firstly introduces these texts thematically before analysing all three in conversation with one another as a means of further contextualizing the role of the freakshow in contemporary cultural products, then connecting these texts to the notion of violence and the use of disability as a tool for horror. The article concludes that although the freakshow has been dismantled in the literal sense, the obvious bodily difference that predicates it still remains present in today’s cultural sphere.

Политиката на германските окупационни власти спрямо еврейското население през първите години на Втората световна война (1939 – 1941). Социален, икономически и правен контекст

Author(s): Martyna Grądzka-Rejak,Aleksandra Namysło / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2019

The article tries to characterize the plight of the Jewish community– in its legal, social and economic aspect – on German-occupied Polish soil in the first years of WWII (1939-1941). The text analyzes the key measures of the German authorities toward the Jews, beginning with the Third Reich’s aggression against Poland on September 1, 1939, until the decision of the extermination of European Jews (second half of 1941). The Authors analyze legal acts limiting the functioning of the Jewish community and how they really influenced their everyday life. The question at stake has to be seen against a wider backdrop: the policy of the German occupant against the Polish state and its population.

ИНТЕРКУЛТУРАЛНА КОМУНИКАЦИЈА НА РАДНОМ МЕСТУ...: РОДНО ОЗНАЧЕНЕ ЛЕКСЕМЕ ЗА НАЗИВЕ ЗАНИМАЊА, ЗВАЊА И ТИТУЛА У СРПСКОМ И ЕНГЛЕСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Katarina Subanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 73/2020

This theoretical paper deals with gender-lexicalized names for occupations, functions and titles in the Serbian and English languages. The main task is to provide a summary of Serbian and English literature in terms of a given topic so as to compare general attitudes and conclusions in the two languages. The language material consulted for the writing of this paper included scientific studies, academic debates and newspaper articles, since this topic represents a social phenomenon which can be pointed at by the interaction between scientist (academic studies, debates) and the public (newspaper articles). As for the methodological procedure, it involved several steps. Firstly, we created tabular annotated bibliographies which contained the following data: the title of the paper/article, the subject matter of the paper/ article, the aim(s), methodology, the information on the participants in the study, or the information on the corpus, the main results, limitations and conclusions. Next, we selected the relevant parts for the problems we dealt with and included them in the appropriate parts of our paper. Eventually, based on the analyzed studies and newspaper articles, we made a conclusion regarding the given topic. The main results indicate that active efforts are made in both languages in order to eliminate sexist language and gender inequality. However, since English and Serbian are different in terms of the typological classification, the problem is approached differently in the two languages. To conclude, these results refer to the said corpus, thus further research is needed to consider the observed tendencies a rule.

Bulgarian Blagoev Commune in the Context of the Formation of the Soviet Totalitarian System (1920s – 1930s)

Author(s): Mykhailo Zhurba,Viktor Dotsenko,Nataliia Chernihovets / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2021

Based on the analysis of the sources and academic literature, the article comprehensively presents a critical analysis of the activities of the Bulgarian Blagoev Commune. The article covers the details of the organisation and functioning of the collective, the tasks set by the Bolshevik authorities. The article characterises the process of adaptation to a different country, the relations of the members of the commune with the local population and ties to Ukrainian associations. The results and consequences of the economic and financial activities of the international commune on the territory of Ukraine are generalised. The authors draw attention to the fact that the conscientious work of the members of the commune was used by the political regime under the slogans of building a bright future for the sake of an unrealistic socialist goal. Special focus is put on the party and public activities of the members of the commune. The contradictory nature of the position of the Soviet government regarding the newly created collective, the evolution of its party and state policy and the tragic fate of the leadership of the commune in the 1930s are discussed. The article outlines the recommendations on the practical application of the historical experience of the international collective in the context of international cooperation.

Възможни подходи при изследването на бедствията и кризите. Уводни думи.

Author(s): Stamen Kanev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

“Central and Eastern Europe after the First World War”. Edited by Burkhard Olschowsky, Piotr Juszkiewicz, and Jan Rydel. De Gruyter, Olderbourg. 2021. 435p.

Author(s): Paul Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА МАЈЧИНСТВА У РОМАНУ „ВОЉЕНА“ ТОНИ МОРИСОН

Author(s): Jelena M. Abula / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 74/2021

This paper will examine the concept of motherhood in the light of black feminism in Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved. Morrison, one of the most prominent writers of the 20th century, is trying to present the development of the African- American community and the institution of motherhood in a society characterized by meaningless divisions between race, class and gender. Slavery problematizes the concept of motherhood which represents a connection of conflicting views shaped by different attitudes towards race, gender and class. Therefore, Morrison uses the suppressed voices of African-American mothers to address the problematic concept of motherhood in slavery. The paper explores the complexity of slavery and its influence on motherhood, the powerful ideology through which the Afro-American tradition is transferred, and it also outlines motherhood as a dominant motif that connects the female characters in Beloved.

РАЗМЕРЕ И ОБЛИЦИ ЦЕНЗУРЕ У КОМУНИСТИЧКОЈ СРБИЈИ

Author(s): Srđan Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 78/2022

The paper examines different forms and intensity of censorship in culture in socialist Serbia and Yugoslavia. Since Yugoslavia was a country that tried to promote a third path between the Western capitalist and Eastern real-socialist social models from the mid-1950s, censorship had to be more subtle in culture and had some peculiarities, unwritten and often not very, well-defined rules.

Съдбата на замразените конфликти в черноморския регион в контекста на войната между Русия и Украйна

Author(s): Natalia Bekiarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

In the article „The fate of frozen conflicts in the Black Sea region in the context of the war between Russia and Ukraine“, prof. Natalia Bekiarova argues that the continued existence of frozen conflicts is an anachronism in the international life and an opportunity for their solution should be sought. The tendency to de-frost the so-called frozen conflicts in the region and their nature and characteristics are explained. The destabilizing role of Russia in the post-Soviet space is substantiated and the possible prospects for regulating the frozen conflicts in the conditions of the war between Russia and Ukraine are outlined. Special attention is paid to the Nagorni-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which has already been softened and is expected to be finally resolved in the foreseeable future. The conflicts on the territories of Georgia and Moldova are also awaiting a solution. The same refers to the frozen conflicts in Donetsk and Luhansk, which have meanwhile joined the Russian Federation.The fate of all conflicts depends on the development of military operations on the fronts in Ukraine. The way in which the outcome of the war will affect the regulation of conflicts is suggested. It is emphasized that only a military victory of Ukraine and restoration of the authority of international institutions could ensure peaceful and relatively fair solution of the mentioned conflicts above. It is concluded that the Black Sea region will remain deeply divided and confrontational for a long time, and the countries will experience serious economic, social and political difficulties.

THE RISKS TO SOCIETY GENERATED BY "SOVEREIGN CITIZENS" BASED ON THE ATTITUDE INFLUENCED BY RELIGIOUS BELIEFS

Author(s): Iulian Dinulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The Sovereign Citizen Movement is one formed by people who interpret the political, legal, and social reality through the prism of their own religious beliefs. The man was created freely by God, meaning "sovereign". Consequently, individuals are free from the legal norms imposed by other people. This is a movement without an organizational structure, which is replaced by its system of beliefs and values held by leaders and clearly defined organizations. Gordon Kahl's manifesto undoubtedly highlights the religious side of the sovereign citizen movement. The individual said in 1983 that the Kingdom of Christ was under siege by the forces of Satan who control the governments of the states, which is why people should no longer submit to them. Followers of the Sovereign Citizen Movement believe that their actions and attitudes are approved by God. They issued their own IDs, passports, and vehicle registration numbers, some with the phrase "Kingdom of God" emblazoned on them. Some of the "sovereign citizens" took their beliefs to extremes and became violent, killing those who opposed them. For this reason, the Federal Bureau of Investigation labeled the most extreme among them as terrorists.

Recenzja książki: Safjański, T. (2023). Tak zwany Interpol. Studium uwarunkowań skuteczności zwalczania przestępczości transgranicznej i terroryzmu w ramach globalnej współpracy policyjnej. Difin. (ss. 503).

Author(s): Adrian Szumski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The reviewed monograph concerns determinants of Interpol’s effectiveness in combating cross-border crime and terrorism. The author focused primarily on a comprehensive analysis of the operational aspects of Interpol’s functioning, indicating both strengths and weaknesses of this organization that affect the effectiveness of international police cooperation. He also touched on legal, organizational and political issues concerning Interpol’s activities in the field of security. The results of research made it possible to confront the mechanisms of cooperation functioning within Interpol with the practice of their use. In this respect, the opinions of law enforcement officers of various member states of this organization who deal with instruments offered by Interpol in their activities, were also analyzed. The entirety of considerations contained in respective chapters made it possible to the Author to formulate and present accurate postulates that could eliminate existing shortcomings and increase the effectiveness of Interpol as a global entity organizing policecooperation in combating crime. The reviewed study is an extremely reliable source of knowledge about the opportunities offered to the member states by the Interpol and its limitations. The monograph expands, systematizes and deepens knowledge about operational activities of Interpol, and the recommendations contained therein are undoubtedly a valuable material for discussion on possible changes in this organization. Thus, the monograph is a valuable material not only from the point of view of its scientific value, but also contains important content, concerning practical dimension of international police cooperation

Analysis of Public Communications in the Event of A Terrorist Act – Communication Response of the Authorities and Coverage in the Media

Author(s): Uri Ben Yaakov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

This article examines the critical analysis of public communications during and in the aftermath of terrorist attacks, concentrating on the dual responsibilities of authorities and the media. It seeks to examine the intricacies of communicating information during crises, assessing how strategic communications can mitigate the negative consequences of terrorism on public sentiment and societal stability. This study sheds light on the shifting dynamics between media coverage, public perception and state responses, by conducting a qualitative analysis of case studies and covering historical and recent terrorist attacks. The research emphasizes important obstacles in striking a balance between informed reporting and the potential for sensationalism, highlighting the ethical dilemmas which journalists and politicians face. The findings highlight the need for a refined framework that controls crisis communication, as well as procedures that ensure information sharing is accurate, sensitive, and timely. This study adds to the greater discussion on counterterrorism methods by suggesting actionable norms and ethical standards for crisis reporting, emphasizing the critical significance of good communication in maintaining public trust and resilience. The study not only adds to the academic understanding of crisis communication, but it also provides practical insights into how media and authorities may work together more effectively to combat terrorism.