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Специални разузнавателни средства и тежки престъпления

Author(s): Georgi Chobanov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2011

Special intelligence means are legally regulated in the Special Intelligence Means Act. This law governs the conditions, the order of use and enforcement and the control over the use of the special intelligence means and the results obtained through them. The use of special intelligence means temporarily restricts the inviolability of the person and the dwelling and the secret of correspondence and other messages. Special intelligence means are the technical means and operational means of their application, which are used for the production of substantive evidence - cinemas, videos, sound recordings, photos and marked objects. Technical means are electronic and mechanical equipment as well as substances that serve to document the activity of controlled persons and objects. Operational methods are the monitoring, tapping, tracking, penetration, marking and checking of correspondence and computerized information, controlled delivery, trust and undercover investigations that are used in the use of technical means. Special intelligence means are used in cases where it is necessary to prevent and detect serious crimes under the Penal Procedure Code when the necessary data can not be collected in any other way. In the observation - visually and by technical means, different aspects of the activity and behavior of persons and objects are revealed and documented in their movement, residence in different places or in changes in the specific environment.Special intelligence means are legally regulated in the Special Intelligence Means Act. This law governs the conditions, the order of use and enforcement and the control over the use of the special intelligence means and the results obtained through them. The use of special intelligence means temporarily restricts the inviolability of the person and the dwelling and the secret of correspondence and other messages. Special intelligence means are the technical means and operational means of their application, which are used for the production of substantive evidence - cinemas, videos, sound recordings, photos and marked objects. Technical means are electronic and mechanical equipment as well as substances that serve to document the activity of controlled persons and objects.Operational methods are the monitoring, tapping, tracking, penetration, marking and checking of correspondence and computerized information, controlled delivery, trust and undercover investigations that are used in the use of technical means. Special intelligence means are used in cases where it is necessary to prevent and detect serious crimes under the Penal Procedure Code when the necessary data can not be collected in any other way.

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Споделено мнение

Николова, М. & Михалева, Б. (2018). С увереност срещу агресията и конфликтите в училище. София: Аз-буки. ISSN 978-619-7065-19-0

Author(s): Yossif Nunev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 8/2018

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Спорт срещу агресията и насилието в училище

Author(s): Rossitsa Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2016

The article shares experience for activities in working with juvenile delinquents. The author, as a sports expert in “Novi Iskar” District Administration argues the benefits of sport as prevention against diseases, aggression and addiction. Indicated are some best practices in support of the idea.

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Спортът като фактор за превенция на агресията и насилието в училище

Author(s): Tatiana Iancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 6/2016

The article examines the trend of an increase in violence among young people. The text focuses on the need for implementing complex scientific approach towards violations of social norms as well as towards the problem of security in school. The factors determining the behavior of different groups of young people and the mechanisms underlying this behavior are being analyzed.

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Статистическа извадка от проведено изследване по научен проект за проявите на агресивност и депресия със студенти

Author(s): Angelina Yaneva,Elitsa Stoyanova,Mariana Albert,Boyana Mitreva,Valeria Lukanova,Tanya Gavrailova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2020

The article presents some of the data from a survey conducted to study the levels of aggression and depression of students practicing sports at the university. The study is a research and educational project funded by Sofia University and monitors the data on the impact or lack of impact on the mental side of students of all specialties and faculties at Sofia University and Medical College "Yordanka Filaretova", specialty "Rehabilitator". At this stage, the activity of the students and the most general statistical data of the surveyed students, practicing different sports disciplines within their studies at the university, are traced.

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СТВАРНИ ГУБИЦИ ЦИВИЛНОГ СТАНОВНИШТВА У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ ПРЕМА ПОПИСУ „ЖРТВЕ РАТА 1941-1945” - АНАЛИЗА СТАЊА ДЕЛИМИЧНО ИЗВРШЕНЕ РЕВИЗИЈЕ

Author(s): Dragan Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2002

The work attempts to show civil losses in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the basis of the partially revised census „Victims of War 1941-1945”. While counting for 15.7% of the entire Yugoslav population, the losses of Bosnia and Herzegovina represented 32.3% of the total number of war victims, with the civil population accounting for 81.4% of the victims. The Serbs, representing 44% of the population, whose total number objectively decreased during the war, formed 71.9% of the civilian victims. The fact that 81.9% were victims of the Ustashi and that 70.4% lost their lives during the first two years of war clearly indicates the intention to eradicate Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Despite the fact that Muslims accounted for 31 % of the population, they represented 15.6% of the victims, which places them second according to the number of victims. Exposed to various forms of oppression from the very formation of the Independent State of Croatia, the Jewish community was practically annihilated during the first two years of war. As a result, a community accounting for 0.4% of the population represented 6.8% of the total number of victims, more than 93.8% of which were killed by the Ustashi. Of the three majority nations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Croats suffered the least losses, accounting for 3.6% of the victims while representing 22% of the entire population.

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СТРАДАЛИ ПРИПАДНИЦИ НОВЈ ИЗ УЖЕ СРБИЈЕ ПРЕМА ПОПИСУ „ЖРТВЕ РАТА 1941 - 1945”

Author(s): Dragan Cvetković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2003

This work is an attempt to present the sufferings of those citizens of Serbia proper who supported the resistance movement led by the communists and who participated actively in the units of NLAY, based on the partly done revised register “War victims, 1941-1954” done in 1964. Due to the fact that the analysis is based on a great sample covered by the register, a clear picture of sufferings of this part of population is obtained. Killed NLAY members make 39,79% of all the killed inhabitants of Serbia proper, with the proportion to killed civilians being 1:1,44. During the last 2 years of the War, 83,15% of all the partisans from Serbia proper lost their lives. The national structure of those who were killed shows that with 90,43% of inhabitants, the Serbs make 97,04% of killed partisans, Serbian partisans make 20,55% of all killed partisans of Yugoslavia and the Serbs among them make 35,82% of killed Serbs in NLAY orders. The social-economic structure shows that the most numerous among them were agriculturists, 73%, and workers, small craftsmen and merchants, along with pupils, students, clerks, freelancers, in the first 3 years that were critical for the movement, contributed to its existence, participating with 46%-53% among the killed.

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СТРАХ ОД ЗЛОЧИНА - ИСТРАЖИВАЊЕ СТАВОВА СТУДЕНАТА

Author(s): Slađana Dragišić Labaš,Milana M. Ljubičić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2010

In this paper we have researched the students’ perception of fear of crime. To begin with, our attention was at emotional, cognitive and behavioral dimension of this manifestation. Since this subject is rarely researched in our country, it was our ambition to establish the extent of fear of crime and potential differences in regard to gender, and what we are conditionally referring to as cohesiveness variables. The subjects were 59 second year sociology students. The findings pointed out that emotional and cognitive dimension of fear of crime is present only in regard to certain crimes: sexual assault, knife stabbing, home burglary regardless if home is empty, and homicide. It is indicative that dimension of emotional fear is higher with female subjects as opposed to their male counterparts, particularly in the case of sexual assault. Also, it has been noted that female subjects adopt certain behavioral patterns (avoiding particular part of town, at specific hours) generated by the possible casualty assessment.

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СТРАХ ОД КРИМИНАЛА, РОДНЕ РАЗЛИКЕ У ПЕРЦЕПЦИЈИ РИЗИКА

Author(s): Slađana Đurić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 4/2013

One of the most consistent findings of the research into the phenomenon of fear of crime is that women express a higher degree of fear in comparison to men. The concept of vulnerability also designates gender as one of the most significant and stable predictors of fear of crime. Taking this as a starting point, a study was conducted in order to examine gender differences in fear of crime and test the theoretical claim that risk perception and the behavioural response to fear of crime are gender-differentiated and related to the level of fear. The analysis was based on the data obtained in the course of the regional research project “Fear of Crime in Large Cities”. Using a specially designed questionnaire, the method of inhome interview was applied on a multistage random sample of 1959 adult respondents living in urban parts of the cities of former Yugoslav republics (Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, Skopje). By choosing the appropriate questionnaire items, three scales for the measurement of fear of crime, the perception of victimization risk, and the behavioral response to the possibility of criminal victimization were produced for the purposes of this paper.

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Структура и функции на Интерпол

Author(s): Diana Vachkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2011

Interpol is the largest international police organization in which 186 countries are members. Established in 1923, it promotes cross-border police cooperation and supports and supports all organizations, authorities and services whose mission is to prevent or combat international crime. Interpol seeks to promote international police cooperation even when diplomatic relations are not available between certain countries. Actions are taken within the limits of the laws of the different countries and in the spirit of the Declaration of Human Rights. Interpol's Basic Law prohibits any interference or action of political, military, religious or racist nature.

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СУОЧАВАЊЕ С ПОЈАВАМА НАСИЉА У ДРУШТВУ И МЕЂУ ШКОЛСКОМ ДЕЦОМ

Author(s): Petar Đ. Rajčević / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian / Issue: 3/2018

Phenomena of violence have been present, to a more or less extent, in all the periods of times and the places people live in. Development of civilization and reaching existential welfare did not help eradicating violent types of behavior of some individuals or groups within the society. On the contrary, they have been manifested in the cruelest forms, not only in the wartime, but also in the periods of peace. Violence presents undesirable use of force which brings harm not only to the others but also to one own self and the milieu. It endangers health and effects proper development of innocent children as well as other victims. Also, it leaves deep psychological traumas. It has been tried to make effects on this unacceptable phenomenon by introduction of strict laws or educational projects. School, together with parents, religious communities, humanitarian organizations and other social factors is interested in stopping the violence by undertaking numerous activities aiming all its efforts and work to give its contribution to suppression of violence. To that end, it follows, studies and prevents this phenomenon.

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Сучасний стан організованої злочинності в Україні

Author(s): Olena Shostko / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 135/2016

The article provides analysis of organized crime in Ukraine for the period from 2006 to 2015. Based on official statistics data it has been revealed that quantitative and qualitative records of crimes, committed by organised groups (OG) and criminal associations (CA), are declining rapidly.The number of detected OGs and CAs in Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 decreased by 3,5 times,the number of detected criminal individuals decreased threefold. In particular, 466 OGs and CAs were identified in 2006, while in 2015 only 166 were identified.The number of persons convicted for crimes committed within stable organized structures were as follows: in 2013 – 587 persons, in 2014 – 492 persons and in 2015 – 228 persons. The last figure makes only 0, 2% of the total (both within and outside organized structures) convicted persons in 2015.In overall the law enforcement agencies identified the following number of OGs and CAs with transnational links in resent years: in 2014 – ten, in 2015 – four, in 10 months in 2016 – four. On average, a criminal group consists of four members. According to official records, during the period of 2014-2015 not a single gram of cocaine and heroin has been confiscated.The author observed a research of victimologist Jan van Dijk, which demonstrated that in 2003 Ukraine was among 15 countries with the highest levels of organized crime (Composite Organized Crime Index –COCI). Emphasis was made on the limitations of official statistics which does not always adequately reflect the actual level of organized crime.The aforementioned statistics for the past 10 years reflect the inefficiency of law enforcement agencies in identifying undercover, disguised criminal activity. The author explains the situation by various factors, among them one of the most important is corruption in law enforcement agencies. Comprehensive studies of organized crime latency is suggested to be conducted at the state level.

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Съветът за помощ на евреите („Жегота“) в структурите на полската нелегална държава

Author(s): Waldemar Grabowski / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2017

The persecution of the Polish society by German occupiers is the cause of both individual and institutional support actions. As part of the actions of the Polish Underground State, such an action is carried out by the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile, and in particular the Department of Labor and Social Welfare. The aid action are aimed at both repressed and threatened by reprisals, citizens of the Polish state, regardless of their religion and nationality. Due to the particularly brutal behavior of the Germans, directed directly at the destruction of the entire Jewish people, the authorities of the Polish State, together with many public and political organizations, held an organized action to help the Jews from the end of 1942. To this end, the Polish Council to Aid Jews ("Jegota") was established. Within his modest possibilities, the Council was making efforts to save as many Jews as possible.

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Съвременни форми на робство и икономически неравенства

Author(s): Georgi Petrunov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2019

Modern societies, as early as the nineteenth century, struggle to reject slavery and practices similar to slavery. Hundreds of international documents have been adopted aimed at the complete eradication of slavery. Despite these efforts, we are witnessing a growing number of incidents that have key characteristics of slavery in recent decades. They emerge in the face of enormous inequalities, in which at one pole are several dozen excessively rich, possessing a large part of the world's wealth, and at the other pole are not only the poor or socially excluded, but people in a position similar to slavery, including within the European Union. The purpose of this article is to investigate forms of modern-day slavery, based on three cases of trafficked Bulgarian citizens for forced begging. Drawing upon the empirical information, various features of contemporary slavery are discussed as well as its relations with economic inequalities.

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Сътрудничество по наказателноправни въпроси. Полицейско сътрудничество в рамките на Европейския съюз

Author(s): Kleonika Arabadjieva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2009

In order to combat effectively the various terrorist groups and organized crime, the Member States of the European Union must cooperate and synchronize their legal systems. There are several approaches that help Member States together to quickly and efficiently deal with organized crime. The European Union has set some priorities for its fight against crime. For the first time, coordinating institutions such as Europol and Eurojust have been established. There are also special training places for staff - European Police College. It is also important to involve the Union in cooperation on the fight against organized crime through special units such as the European Rapid Reaction Force.

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Тандем «Сознательной матери» и врача: зарождение педиатрического патронажа над грудными детьми в России на рубеже XIX-XX вв

Author(s): Natalja Aleksandrovna Mitsyuk / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2015

The article aims to explore the circumstances of the origin of the pediatric patronage in Russia. The objective of the study is to prove that the basic methods of work with infants and their mothers were formulated and tested not in Soviet Russia, but during 1860—1910ies. The author uses an interdisciplinary, anthropologically oriented approach, makes use of the so-called everyday methods, biographical methods, as well as methods of gender and micro history. The research focuses not only on mothers of workers and peasants, but also on mothers of nobility. The article uses both objective sources of information (reports, charters of an association of charities), and subjective ones — egodocuments (women's diaries and autobiographical account), which allows to represent the process of pediatric patronage birth from the point of view of the patient, from the inside.The author argues that pediatric nursing appeared among the higher strata of society at the beginning of the XX c. in Russia. Its appearance was due to the spread of the child-centrism, “conscious motherhood” and the development of pediatric knowledge. The ideology of “conscious motherhood”, professionalization of mothers led to the fact that women in the daily care of children didn't trust their own knowledge or the advice of their friends, but only the instructions of professionals — qualified pediatricians.

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Тенденции на престъпността в България 2000 - 2005

Author(s): Tihomir Bezlov,Philip Gounev,Hristo Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2006

The report for a second consecutive year presents information about Bulgaria’s crime rate from an alternative source - victimization surveys - and attempts to make a systematic comparison of the crime level according to victim-reported crime and police crime data. The crime situation in Bulgaria is also compared to crime in a number of European countries. The findings of three national crime victims surveys, referred to throughout this report as National Crime Surveys (NCS), offer an opportunity to assess street crime in Bulgaria in the period 2000–2005. The first NCS 2002 and NCS 2004 examined only 11 categories of offenses against households and persons, while NCS 2005 also incorporates 11 categories of offenses against companies. The 11 categories of offenses included in the NCS correspond to about 80% of all police-registered crimes in Bulgaria. The report does not cover corruption, drug-related or organized crime offenses, as they are the subject of other CSD analyses. Toward the end of the 1990s and, particularly after the year 2000, as the prospect of EU membership became more likely, greater political stability and economic prosperity in Bulgaria led to a gradual decrease in crime. This trend, which was most perceptible in the period 2000–2005, was the result of several factors. Declining unemployment, rising incomes and economic growth provided alternatives to many individuals with criminal incomes. Demographic processes and emigration also contributed to the reduction in crime. Further strengthening of the judiciary and the law-enforcement systems, in an attempt to meet EU-set requirements, revived the criminal justice system, which in 2004 issued six times more sentences than it did in 1993. A comparison of the NCS 2005 with the European Union International Crime Survey (EUICS) shows that Bulgaria’s level of street crime has remained lower than the average level of EU countries. Whereas in 2004 the average EU prevalence rate for the eleven crime categories among citizens above 15 was 15.6%, the prevalence rate in Bulgaria was 12.9%. The dynamics of some types of crimes, however, calls for special attention.

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Тенденции на престъпността в България: полицейска статистика и виктимизационни изследвания

Author(s): Tihomir Bezlov,Philip Gounev,Alexander Stoyanov,Maria Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Publication Year: 2005

The report uses a crime victimization survey as an alternative analytical tool to make an independent assessment of the crime situation in Bulgaria for the period 2001–2004. The crime victimization survey polls people’s experiences with crime. Unlike official government crime statistics, the regular crime victimization surveys help the police and government authorities, as well as the public to understand: • whether the official police crime data reflect the real crime rate and crime trends; • the volume of the unreported crime; • the reasons victims do not report crimes to the police; • whether the police avoids registering reported crimes; • the profile of the social groups that are most at risk of falling victims to crime.

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Теоретични и практически проблеми при анализа на стратегиите за решаване на конфликти

Author(s): Krasimira Yonkova,Rumen Rashkov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

The present report considers the theoretical aspects of conflict interaction by addressing the more important sociological, psychological and socio-psychological concepts and providing a set of practical parameters for intervention by the analysis of different strategies and methods to resolve andadjust the conflict. By analyzing the conflicting relationships in business and in the intimate (family) sphere of the social life of the man, the authors outline the conflict situation bordering between decisions and emotions. This different perspective made it possible to differentiate the different strategies of conduct for resolving business and personal conflicts. The last part deals with the basic methods of conflict regulation: psychological consultation, mediation and judgment.

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Тероризъм - европейско сътрудничество и органи за борба с него

Author(s): Mihail Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2009

The term "terrorism" is derived from the word "terror", "terrorist act", which is a word of Latin origin and means fear, horror. In the 1956 political dictionary, terror is the most acute form of struggle against a violent political opponent, including the physical destruction of the class adversary and the organization of political killings. Although it does not have a legal definition of the concept, it can be defined as a socially dangerous act in which force or threat is used to achieve certain political purposes.

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