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Determinants of Self-Rated Health and Self-Rated Physical Fitness in Middle and Old Age

Author(s): Kimmo Kuosmanen,Suvi Rovio,Miia Kivipelto,Jaakko Tuomilehto,Aulikki Nissinen,Jenni Kulmala / Language(s): English Issue: 01-02/2016

Self-rated health (SRH) correlates with psychological factors, mortality and functional capacity. Self-rated physical fitness (SRF) has been examined less, and the relationship between SRH and SRF is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the determinants, differences and similarities of these concepts in middle and old age. In total, 2,000 persons at the mean age of 50.6 years were examined at baseline, and 1,449 were re-examined when they were aged between 65–79 years. On both occasions, the participants underwent a comprehensive clinical examination and health status/habit assessment. We found a strong correlation between SRH and SRF. In midlife, low income, hopelessness, active use of healthcare services, physical inactivity, angina pectoris, arthropathy and elevated blood pressure were associated with both poor SRH and SRF. In old age, high income, alcohol abstinence, physical inactivity, hopelessness, difficulties in activities of daily living, angina pectoris, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and musculoskeletal disease of the back, and (in men) urinary tract infection were associated with poor SRH and SRF. Income, hopelessness, physical inactivity and angina pectoris correlated with both instruments in both age groups. A wider range of variables was associated with SRH than with SRF. The determinants of SRH and SRF were relatively similar in the younger and older age groups. However, SRH appeared to be a more multi-dimensional instrument than SRF. SRH and SRF are considered reliable indicators of mental and physical health status, and should be accorded more importance when evaluating health among middle-aged and older people.

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VICTIMIZATION OF ELDERLY PERSONS

Author(s): Filip Mirić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The process of aging begins from the moment of one’s birth. Although the aging process is inevitable, elderly people are marginalized in our society. Generally speaking, they are perceived as a burden, as dependants who are a kind of ballast for younger generations. Yet, younger generations and policy makers seem to neglect the fact that providing for a better social care and status of elderly persons in the community is an investment in their own future which will ultimately contribute to creating better conditions in their own old age. The book “Victimization of elderly persons", authored by Prof. dr Miomira Kostić, was published over 6 years ago but the topical and ongoing issues pertaining to the victimization of elderly people in Serbia impose the need to keep this problem in the spotlight of the contemporary acdemic, professional and general public.

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Obraz starości demograficznej w krajach UE a stan zdrowia jej mieszkańców

Author(s): Anna Janiszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

Population ageing has been observed in the 28 countries of the EU for many years. It is a spatially diverse process. The growing percentage of the elderly people influences the health of societies. The health state of the elderly is, among the factors influencing their quali-ty of life, a crucial element associated with the need for the subjective feeling of satisfaction with a fulfilment of the health potential and an active social life. The purpose of the work is to present the selected aspects of the ageing pro-cess in the countries of the EU and the selected aspects of the characterisation of the EU inhabitants aged 65 and above in terms of health.

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Mobilność przestrzenna ludzi starych – aktualny stan badań

Author(s): Katarzyna Kikosicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

The term of spatial mobility applies to all age groups of the population. Among researchers there is a lively debate about migration of older people caused by still progressive problem of aging. The article brings up the problem of spatial mobility in old polish and oversees research. Population of elderly people divi-des into three subpopulations: young seniors, older seniors, the oldest seniors. Motives, migratory patterns and socio-economic features are different in every group. Author presents research results concerning senior migration in therms of theoretical conceptions, reasons, direction and socio-economic structures.

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Problem jakości życia ludzi starych w dokumentach międzynarodowych i krajowych

Author(s): Anna Janiszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

The work presents an overview of selected documents prepared by international organizations and institutions which shows that the issue of improving the inhabitants’ quality of life has been approached numerous times since the 1950s. The documents focused on the issue of decent living meant to fulfil people’s basic existential needs. The last of the documents quoted, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, discusses the issue of the promotion of the broadly-understood prosperity for all people of all ages. The issues of the health of the elderly and the improvements thereto are also frequently discussed in the documents of international organizations and institutions. A particular attention, in this case, is paid to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and health-improving behaviours. The purpose of the work is to determine the actions and solutions undertaken by international, national and EU initiatives directed at the elderly and intended to improve their quality of life.

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Ludzie starzy w „Diagnozie Społecznej”. Warunki i jakość życia w roku 2000 i 2005

Author(s): Ewa Klima / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

The main aim of this article is to trace the changes in the condition of households of retirees, based on data from the study “Social Diagnosis”. Author presents state from years 2000 and 2015. It appears that during last 15 years this social group has benefited from the economic changes, and their so called “declared economic situation”, including the conditions of life changed significantly.In addition, the aim of this article is to point out the importance of open access publishing data, and in particular an indication of the complementarity of research such as the “Social Diagnosis” in relation to research carried out by the Polish Central Statistical Office.The results clearly confirm the improvement in the economic situation and quality of life of retirees in the last fifteen years. The well-being, as measured by the declared income and the degree of satisfaction of the needs fulfillment are relatively high.The project “Social Diagnosis” was created to examine the conditions and quality of life of Polish society. From the outset, the authors have published not only the results but also the complete database. This gives other researchers invaluable opportunity to conduct their own analyzes, and at the same time gives credence to conclusions of the prof. J. Czapiński. The choice of variables and observation for further analysis, with such a large database is only a matter of imagination and needs. As an asset, “Diagnosis” must be regarded as its complementarity with the instruments of Central Statistical Office.

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Percepcja zagrożeń społeczno-przestrzennych w mieście a subiektywne ryzyko wiktymizacyjne i zachowania obronne osób w wieku powyżej 60 lat

Author(s): Stanisław Mordwa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

In this paper the diversity of defensive behavior of people aged over 60 years was confirmed. The author analyzes the research results with regard to two main aspects of defensive behavior: perception of the socio-spatial threats and subjective risk of victimization. In the study there was observed a significant and positive relationship between the level of insecurity, perceived risk of victimization and the number of taken defensive strategies by residents in the age 60+. There were also concluded that a sense of security and risk of victimization are a consequence of the problems identified in the socio-spatial environment of the elderly, which in turn affects their behavior.

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Aktywizacja społeczna osób starszych w Polsce

Author(s): Kalina Pędziwiatr / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

The issue concerning activation of the elderly is mainly presented in raports or special programmes aimed at preventing the seperation of senior citizens from the society. The examination of social activity among the old is frequently conducted in scientific literature.The first part of this research paper focuses on the selected ways and forms of social activation of older people in Poland, including Senior interest groups, University of the Third Age, self-help organizations, volunteering, time-based currency, cultural organizations or The Council for the Eldrely. The second part analyses the governmental forms of support for the elderly. However, the final part presents particular activities involving senior citizens.

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Formy spędzania czasu wolnego starszych osób w województwie łódzkim

Author(s): Blanka Gosik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

The purpose of this article is to describe the forms of spending leisure time by elderly people as well as the problems associated with the topic. The investigation focuses on such aspects as active and passive forms of spending free time, the prefered way seniors spend their free time, and places ouside home they choose to spend their free time. Particular atention was paid to their physical and cultural activity. The article also described the consequenses of the process of the aging of socjety at the individual, social, and econimic levels. The study was performed among seniors living in Łódź voivodeship.

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Seniorzy jako klienci łódzkich centrów handlowych i ich motywy zachowań przestrzennych

Author(s): Agnieszka Rochmińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

An increasing group of senior citizen customers constitutes a challenge for both the management of shopping centres as well as the traders offering their goods and services in such complexes. Therefore, attention should be paid to who the senior shopping centre customers are, what are their motives for choosing a given shopping centre as a „visiting” place, how their perceive shopping and staying in such centres and, finally, what stance do they take on their location which determines their spatial behaviours. From both the scientific and the marketing point of view, it is important to determine the preferences and motivations for spatial behaviours also in people of pre-senior age, as they will soon enough be part of the senior group active on the consumer market.People aged 45–59 and 60+ constitute an important section of the customers of shopping centres in Łódź. The former group is especially popular. Those of the so-called „pre-senior” age making use of the wide range of products and services on offer are the more frequent visitors in the „consumption temples”.

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Mieszkalnictwo ludzi starych

Author(s): Lidia Groeger,Anna Szczerek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2015

The study contains an overview of publications on the housing of the elderly people in Poland. It presents an overview of the models of living of old people in the example countries of the world. Characterized housing preferences and living conditions of the elderly people in selected countries of the European Union. It presents examples of new forms of living arrangements of seniors in the United States, Germany and Poland

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Improving the quality of life in high-rise. A sustainable approach CPTED observed in the public realm in Widzew

Author(s): Tobias Woldendorp / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2015

The article focuses on the sense of security as a very important element affecting the quality of life and its improvement. Attention was drawn to crime and security in public space, which, is used by old people. The aim of the study is to use the CPTED methodology – Dutch solutions in the field of crime prevention such as architectural, urban and green design. The main criteria used in the method is visibility, accessibility, attractiveness and territoriality. Observations and analysis on the use of this method were conducted by the author on the high-rise (real estate) in Łódź-Widzew.

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Stary człowiek i pies

Author(s): Hanna Mamzer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2015

Tekst prezentuje analizę potencjalnego pozytywnego wpływu zwierząt i terapii z udziałem zwierząt na poczucie dobrostanu seniorów. W kontekście starzejących się populacji współczesne społeczeństwa zachodnioeuropejskie napotykają coraz większe wyzwania dbania o wiekową kohortę, jaką stanowią seniorzy. W tekście zaprezentowano specyfikę wieku senioralnego oraz wynikające z niej trudności. Szczególny nacisk został położony na wagę relacji społecznych, w tym relacji człowiek – zwierzę, mogących w znaczący sposób redukować poczucie osamotnienia wśród seniorów.The article aims at analyzing a potential positive influence of animal assisted therapies on senior citizens. In the context of ageing, contemporary Western societies face a challenge of taking care of wellbeing of a growing number of their senior citizens. Not only should medical assistance be taken into account, but also adequate psychological support. Animal assisted therapies are still an undiscovered option of increasing a subjective sense of elderly person’s wellbeing. The article presents difficulties that senior citizens face due to their ageing and selected options of applying animal assisted therapies as a solution to some of these challenges. Special emphasis is placed on reducing a sense of loneliness experienced by the elderly, and a brief comparison of the situation in Poland and other countries is presented.

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Chirurgia i starość

Author(s): Andrzej Wysocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2015

Z procesem starzenia związane są zmiany wsteczne ważnych dla życia narządów, spadają możliwości adaptacyjne tak fizyczne, jak i psychiczne. Z wiekiem rośnie ryzyko zachorowania szczególnie na choroby serca i naczyń, nowotwory, uchyłki jelita grubego, choroby kości i stawów. Rosnąca średnia długość życia, zwiększająca się liczba ludzi w podeszłym wieku oraz zjawisko wielochorobowaści stawiają przed publicznym systemem ochrony zdrowia wielkie wymagania. W Polsce w najbliższych latach związane z tym problemy medyczne i ekonomiczne będą coraz większe. Poważnym zagadnieniem jest świadoma zgoda na operację. Nawet gdy sytuacja zdrowotna pacjenta i zasada operacji są mu przedstawione w prosty sposób, to rzeczywiste zrozumienie i świadomy wybór postępowania mogą być trudne do osiągnięcia, zwłaszcza w przypadku nagłych operacji.Disorders in the functioning of main human organs and in adaptive possibilities in both psychological and physical aspects are a natural occurrence in the process of ageing. The risk of various diseases, particularly cardiovascular ones, cancer, colon diverticulitis and degenerative arthritis, increases with age. Longer life expectancy together with an increasing number of elderly people and multiple morbidities become a great challenge for the public health system. In the nearest future both medical and economical issues connected with this phenomenon will become a significant problem in Poland. Informed consent for surgery is an important issue. Even after receiving all necessary information on one’s health and clearing out the details of surgical proceeding, deep understanding and conscious decision may be difficult to achieve, especially in urgent and sudden surgeries.

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Internet Usage by the Elderly in Serbia

Author(s): Gordana Stojić / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2017

In the last decades, the problems of the elderly have attracted the attention of the scientific and wider public, thus imposing themselves as issues of public policies. The growth of interest in the elderly is conditioned by: the increasing share of the elderly in the overall population, the change of their social status as well as the development of new conceptual frames (social exclusion, marginalization, ageism). Today the elderly live in a society which is characterized by the expansion of information-communication technologies (ICT). The Internet is a means of more efficient and faster completion of various activities, satisfaction of different needs and access to social resources. On the other hand, the adoption of new technologies has taken on a different pace when it comes to the generation affiliation. That is why it is important to examine the degree to which older citizens successfully use these opportunities. The subject matter of the paper is Internet usage by the elderly. It points to the benefits the elderly are getting from Internet usage as well as the barriers they come across. Starting from the concept of the digital divide, Internet usage by the older Serbian population is analyzed. Finally, the measures to be taken to create favorable conditions for Internet usage by elderly are pointed out.

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Starzenie się funkcjonalnych grup wieku a kapitał społeczny

Author(s): Grażyna Trzpiot,Jacek Szołtysek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 56/2017

The purpose of this article is to focus on social capital that changes along with changes in the structure of functional age groups. The phenomenon of ageing populations, including the Polish population, requires research. Different contexts of research can be linked to changes in the age structure. The article undertakes a discussion in the field of measuring social capital. The article presents the results of analyzes conducted using population projections GUS 2050. Projected changes in demographic structures defining indicators of demographic burden and economic burden are discussed. Analyses were led in nationwide terms, as well as in regional pointing to the diversity of the analyzed phenomena. The article proposes the construction of the meter measuring the additional social capital using the principles of construction of demographic measures

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Starzenie się społeczeństwa w kontekście dominujących założeń współczesnej ekonomii i kultury

Author(s): Michał A. Michalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Current demographic trends indicate that the process of aging is more and more advanced in Western societies. While available literature addressing this issue most often concentrates on developing effective tools for socio-economic policy ,this paper aims at exploring dominating assumptions of economics and culture to find how they may influence the demographic process that was mentioned. The purpose of the analysis undertaken here is to verify the thesis which claims that basic anthropological assumptions present in neoclassical economics and modern culture somehow ignore or underestimate such essential aspects of human life as old age and helplessness or weakness connected to it.The conclusions of the paper indicate that there is the need for intergenerational balance within society which e.g. facilitates socio-economic development.Some of the most important factors influencing this may or may not be present within economic theory and culture it is based on. It means that without the adequate vision of human being and phases of human life the process of building a sane and vibrant society where everyone has his or her place is hardly possible.

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Previous life styles and neglect in old age: Perceptions and conceptions of community leaders in Zambia

Author(s): Isaac Kabelenga / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This article is aimed at adding new knowledge to the existing literature on how previous life styles can lead to neglect in old age using the perceptions and conceptions of community leaders in rural and urban Zambia. The article which is based on qualitative data collected from community leaders in Zambia involved in addressing problems of elder abuse argues that previous life styles are playing a part in the neglect of some elder people in rural and urban Zambia. The specific previous life styles which are leading to their neglect include devaluing of the family members and failure to invest in private social protection during their days of productivity. Solutions on how to prevent neglect in old age have also been suggested using the perceptions and conceptions of community leaders in Zambia. The article further argues that since the world is moving towards population ageing and given the fact that neglect of elder people is a global problem, the revelations made in this article have significant implications for social gerontology, social work and public health education, practice and research. This is because social gerontologists, social workers and public health workers are among the frontline workers dealing with the problem of elder neglect. Directions for future research are also suggested.

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Seniors-resources in the community

Author(s): Bianca Dim / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

In this paperwork, have started from the premise that seniors can represent a resource in the community by manifesting prosocial behavior and volunteering. One of the questions of interest here is focused on knowing the motivation of sessions to exercise prosocial behavior. A concept used to explain the activities carried out by seniors is that of volunteering. Through this article, I have developed an analysis of the volunteering activities carried out in the two rural-urban environments, focusing on available resources. On the other hand, we also analyzed the benefits of volunteering on seniors. The study materials used include both national and international studies on civic involvement and active ageing, with emphasis on senior volunteering. Subsequent research will be able to analyze how older people can be stimulated to engage in volunteering and contribute to community welfare.

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Obraz ludzi starszych w opinii dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym

Author(s): Olimpia Gogolin,Eugeniusz Szymik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The aim of this article is to demonstrate how class I to III students see older people. To answer this question, a survey was conducted using the questionnaire survey as a research tool.The study was conducted in Czerwionka-Leszczyny and Książenice, towns located in the town and commune of Czerwionka-Leszczyny, in Rybnik district of Silesian Voivodship. The main criteria for the division of the research group were the gender and place of residence of young respondents. The chosen period of human development is not accidental, as it is at that time that the transition from superficiality to operational thinking takes place, which contributes to the deeper and more objective description of other people by children.As the research has proved, these descriptions are far from stereotyping.

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