"Namćori" iz komšiluka: predstavljanje starosti u domaćoj televizijskoj reklami

Author(s): Ljubica Milosavljević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2010

This paper is the result of a three-month monitoring of Serbian television commercials which aimed to study the way elderly people are represented in the media. Elderly people appear in only six commercials, more often as a functional part of a series than as protagonists. Yet in spite of the small number of commercials in which they appear, it is easy to identify the stereotypes which are translated from a social paradigm into the sphere of the media. The stereotypes on which commercials are based belong for the most part to the corpus of negative stereotypes of elderly people as hopelessly behind the times, feeble, lonely, irritating, cantankerous, etc. Some positive stereotypes are also evident, but they are mostly limited to a perception of elderly people as kindly givers of useful advice. It is interesting to note that the "cantankerous people next door" are as a rule anonymous elderly people, as are those "lost in time and space", who are mostly elderly women. In contrast, those who let their careers and images be associated with a certain product, in order to pass on their great experience and knowledge, are as a rule famous persons. Just as it is possible to make a distinction between commercials depending on whether or not the products advertised are targeted at the elderly – which they rarely are – and whether elderly people appear in leading or supporting roles, in order to make viewers laugh or annoy them, so it is possible to distinguish between the "real-life principle", which involves the translation of the society’s dominant attitudes into commercials, and "commercial reality", which either makes old age invisible or "masks" it so that it is pleasant to the eye. The reason that old people are absent from television commercials or are mostly represented in a negative light is to be found in the low purchasing power of this age group, but also in the fact that advertising in Serbia developed practically overnight, and therefore has not always been able to follow foreign advertising trends, which treat the elderly as a worthy target audience for commercials.

"Nisu dali gospodaru 'z ruk...“. Starost u prigorskim i zagorskim selima između dva svjetska rata

Author(s): Suzana Leček / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 23/2000

The paper deals with the position of the elderly in the complex families of the Prigorje and Hrvatsko Zagorje regions in the time period between the World War I and the World War II. It aims at answering the questions until what age do people maintained the power within their families, how was this power expressed, and how their work and ownership over land influenced their maintenance of authority. The paper also warns about the differences between the widowers and widows, shown through the differences in the land ownership.

A Senior as an Individual in the Situation of Dementia. Tom Kitwood’s Person-Centred Care Model and the Philosophy of Dialogue

Author(s): Agnieszka Smrokowska-Reichmann / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Seniors suffering from dementia are always exposed to a reductive approach and depersonalization due to the specificity of that disease. The subjectivity of a senior is neglected or even completely negated. What remains unnoticed is the fact that, despite their disease, a senior is still a person – with the rights and needs of a person – and not just a helpless patient. The paper presents a break that has been made in the understanding and care of seniors with dementia thanks to the work of Tom Kitwood, a British psychologist. In Kitwood’s Person-Centred Care model, a person is defined as a relational, feeling, and historical being. At the same time, being a person is only possible in the interpersonal context. Hence the author's suggestion to read Kitwood’s concept from the angle of the philosophy of dialogue, which is always an affirmation of subjectivity and an opposition to tendencies that reify human beings. In the author’s opinion, Kitwood translated the main postulates of the philosophy of dialogue into the language of psychology, gerontology and senior care by operationalizing the indicators of the well-being of a patient with dementia.

AGING IN TURKEY

Author(s): Zafer Kiliç,Burak Kiliç / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This study covers the services offered to the elderly, individuals who work in this field, statistical data on aging in Turkey, and similar issues. The data in this study was collected from the literature review and from written sources. In the literature, the concept of age is divided into two: biological and chronological. Although chronological age is the same in all humans, biological age varies according to individuals. Chronological age is the number of years a person has been alive. Biological age is the representation of the biological step as a unit of time. Aging is the state where individuals gradually lose their physical and psychological power. The increasingly elderly population has also caused the academic environment to focus on the field of older people. Moreover, the increasing elderly population has accelerated the process of developing national policies and plans in countries and the process of producing services in line with the developed plans and policies. According to the aging data of the United Nations, there is an increase in the number and proportion of elderly individuals in the world. As a result, in this case, Turkey does not differ, so the elderly population is increasing with each passing day.

Aging Society - Rethinking and Redesigning Retirement

Author(s): Ivan Lekić,Tatjana Bačun,Sunčica Oberman Peterka,Ivana Barković Bojanić,Bruno Budimir,Antun Biloš,Zafer Kiliç,Burak Kiliç,Ivana Šandrk Nukić,Dražen Barković,Verica Jovanovski,Anita Pavković,Alka Obadić,Katarina Marošević,Izabela Pruchnicka-Grabias,Aleksandar Erceg,Julia Perić,Biljana Činčurak Erceg,Tomislav Nedić,Jovanka Damoska Sekuloska,Milan Puvača,Ivana Vidak,Helena Štimac,Ivan Kelić,Davorin Turkalj,Nefreteta Zekić Eberhard,Zrinka Stanić / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2020

The “Silver Tsunami” is here! According to various relevant sources such as the UN Population Division, the WHO, and the ILO, population across the world is getting older. By 2050, there will be more than 20% of the world’s population aged 65 years and over. Statistics for the European Union reveal the same - the age structure of the European population is expected to change significantly over the next decades and by 2060, the share of people aged 65 and above will increase from 18% to 30% compared to now, while the share of people aged above 80 will more than double. Thus, in addition to notions such as “Silver Tsunami”, “Age Wave”, and the like, it is not surprising that the European Union has launched a notion “Silver Economy” related to economic activities of the population aged 50 and over and their impact on various sectors of the national economy. This negative demographic transition, i.e. population aging, has shown four very distinctive features: unprecedented, pervasiveness, endurance and profound implications on human life in general. On a more personal level, what we are witnessing today as a trend, we will experience first-hand in the decades to come. Yet, times are changing. An aging population is becoming a reality that is surrounded by various myths when it comes to older people as workers or as consumers. The fact is that people today live longer and healthier lives, which requires a shift in perception of age when it comes to supply and demand sides of economics. It also holds true from the perspective of other disciplines. This, in turn, opens a new frontier in academic, practical and policy thinking about rethinking aging and redesigning retirement. This multidisciplinary edited book “The Aging Society: Rethinking and Redesigning Retirement” is one attempt not to be swept away by the “Silver Tsunami” tide. The content of the chapters reveals the multifaceted and highly complex issue of aging which brought together researchers from various fields. Aging has been initially dominant in medical research since it is primarily a physiological process, yet it has proven to be a social transformation with numerous repercussions calling for researchers from economics, communication, law and others to join the scientific discussion. The authors in this edition have tried to shed light on the potential of aging research by drawing attention to various topics such as aging as a normal process, concept and measurement of the quality of life of the elderly, financial challenges and retirement literacy of the older population, specific bioethical issues, silver architecture for seniors, protection of the rights and safety of older people in transport, social entrepreneurship and franchising, collaborative economy, an age-specific ICT use gap, media literacy and communication. The book has gathered authors from Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek – Faculty of Economics in Osijek, Faculty of Law, Faculty of Medicine Osijek / Clinical Hospital Center Osijek and Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture Osijek, as well as Faculty of Economics and Business Zagreb (University of Zagreb), Virovitica College, Croatian Education and Teacher Training Agency, University of Information Science and Technology, “St. Paul the Apostle” (Macedonia), Beykoz University, Vocational School at Department of Social Sciences (Turkey), Nisantasi University, Vocational School at Department of Logistics (Turkey), and Warsaw School of Economics (Poland). Such institutional diversity is a signal that the issue of aging is a universally attractive research topic that easily transcends disciplinary and national boundaries. As editors of this book, we feel obliged to applaud our authors for making a research effort and scientific contribution in the advent of the global COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Our gratitude is extended to our reviewers who have been affirmative towards the content and style of this work. The publication of this book will be a permanent reminder of strength, diligence, creativity and resilience of academic scholars as individuals and universities as institutions in times challenging us on both a personal and a professional level.

Aktywność wolnoczasowa seniorów jako profilaktyka, terapia, jako styl i sens życia

Author(s): Anna Panek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2007

AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON RETIREMENT INVESTMENTS

Author(s): Izabela Pruchnicka-Grabias / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Life of retired people cannot be financed from the public systems only. The attrition rate has been decreasing for many years and pension systems in many countries are at risk of bankruptcy. The author compares different kinds of investments possible to be made to finance the retirement period. The analysis of risk and return is conducted for typical retirement investments like bonds, stocks, or real estate. The paper aims at answering the question if it is possible to choose the best asset at any time as the retirement time investment. The study is done on the basis of the Polish investor and also contains the analysis of different types of risks concerned with analyzed kinds of assets.

BIOETHICS, LAW AND AGING - LEGAL AND ETHICAL CHALLENGES OF AGING AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

Author(s): Tomislav Nedić / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

The issue of organ donation and transplantation is, in the first place, an issue of medical excellence of transplantation teams, but also a controversial issue with doubtful bioethical, legal, cultural, religious, and other questions. Since medical research are improving constantly, research in the field of organ transplantation is setting new interesting (bio) ethical and legal questions. According to the last population census, there are approximately one million inhabitants in the Republic of Croatia who are older than 60 years and who are also more likely to be on the organ transplantation candidate’s list than the younger inhabitants, because of the various health problems of the aging process. Also, according to research, the median age of 150 patients on chronic dialysis at the Clinical Hospital Centre Osijek is 65.5 years. Since bioethics is a scientific discipline that studies all issues related to life itself, organ transplantation and aging are some of the crucial fields of the human aspect of bioethics. By connecting these two issues, this chapter aims to expound the main (bio)ethical and legal problems of organ donation and transplantation and put them into the context of the issue of aging in the Republic of Croatia. The main questions that may arise are what the main problems of older people are when it comes to organ donation and transplantation, whether they are aware of them and if there is any kind of age discrimination in the process of organ allocation. The author will try to point out these and other bioethical questions when it comes to aging and organ donation and transplantation, and also set a new scheme of awareness in relation to this issue.

Być prababcią. O znaczeniu pełnionej roli w życiu osoby starszej – studium przypadku

Author(s): Aleksandra Litawa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

The knowledge about seniors’ experiences resulting from being a great-grandmother or a great-grandfather is still relatively small. In the presented paper, the author has attempted to fill this gap, at least in part, based on the study of the individual experiences of an elderly person. The objective of the study was to recognize and understand the experiences and reflections of an individual performing the role of great-grandmother.

Chorowanie na starość. Interpretacyjna analiza fenomenologiczna doświadczenia bólu psychicznego w relacjach społecznych kobiet w wieku senioralnym dotkniętych depresją i chorobą afektywną dwubiegunową

Author(s): Anna Bańbura,Katarzyna Kowara,Małgorzata Opoczyńska-Morasiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

Ageing is a stage that many see as the moment of fulfillment, i.e. when it is possible to calmly enjoy the time that remains. It is also a period when losses accumulate (important people, professional activity, health), which can lead to a significant deterio­ration of psychosocial functioning, sometimes manifesting as depression. The aim of this study was to understand the experience of mental suffering experienced by elderly women who are facing both tasks relevant to their old age and clinical depression. The second objective was to understand the importance of social relations for the recovery process or, on the contrary, for the worsening of the illness. We conducted in-depth individual interviews with three senescent women; each of them had experienced many losses in the past and is now struggling with psychological disorders in the form of a depressive episode within bipolar disorder. The contents of the interviews were then subjected to the interpretative phenomenological analysis. On the basis of the analysis, we have distinguished three aspects of the researched subjects’ relations with the surrounding world. The first one includes the losses faced by the women – the death of close relatives, retirement, decreased acuity. Another aspect concerns the feeling of alienation within areas that are still available to them, which is additionally compounded by a lack of un­derstanding from close relatives (denial of suffering, insistence on a rapid improvement). The third aspect refers to the supportive and hope-giving behaviors of the surrounding people (acknowledging suffering, giving time to heal, showing patience). Finally, we generally reflected on the determinants of the relatives’ behavior towards elderly people suffering from depression.

COMMUNICATION OF OLDER PEOPLE - CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): Ivana Vidak / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

Communication is an integral part of our everyday lives, be it intrapersonal or interpersonal communication. The focus of this paper is on the communication of older people and the ways (recommendations) which would make this communication more successful, as well as the challenges it brings. Today’s society is getting older, especially in underdeveloped countries, and it is therefore necessary to create age-friendly environments to enable satisfaction and possibilities to enjoy ages 65+. Notwithstanding the development level, there is still judging and prejudice about older people based on age alone, and not on the actual abilities and efficiency which a person possesses. Hence, the state, as the bearer of different legal frameworks, is to devise certain strategies for the elderly population to ensure guidelines for help, and, ultimately, for support. For the purpose of this paper, research based on a questionnaire for the third age population (65+) was conducted, divided into three subgroups: the young-old (65-74), the middle old (75-84) and the very old (85+) with questions defining the style of communication and communication skills in general. The research aimed to gather information on how older people perceive intrapersonal communication on the one hand, and interpersonal communication with their environment on the other, to improve their communication skills.

CONSUMER INNOVATIVENESS OF THE ELDERLY. DO GENDER AND NATIONAL CULTURE MATTER? EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON THE CONSUMERS AT THE AGE OF 60 AND OVER IN CENTRAL EUROPE

Author(s): Sylwia Badowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

The study goal is to identify and compare the level of consumer innovativeness among the elderly and verify whether gender and national culture affect the elderly’s consumer innovativeness. To verify the research objective the surveys were carried out among the representatives of the elderly people participating in lectures at the selected Third Age Universities in Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Poland in the period of 2017–2018. To collect data the PAPI technique was employed and the smartphone as the object of the study was chosen. To obtain results, the domain specific innovativeness approach was applied and the modified domain specific innovativeness (DSI) scale was employed. The construct was measured on a five-point Likert scale. The outcomes suggest that the level of consumer innovativeness for the tested national samples is varied definitely. It is differentiated by gender, as well as by nationality understood also as national culture. It seems that among the surveyed populations in terms of the smartphone, the Polish consumers at the age of 60 and over seem to be the most innovative, then the Slovenians, and the Czechs. The findings will endow academics and practitioners with insight by illustrating the effects of national culture and innovativeness in consumer behaviour in terms of applying suitable activities for international marketing. They will also contribute to social and technological inclusion of the Central European elderly people into the digital world.

Correlations among Relocation Stress, Health Conditions, and Life Adjustment of the Elderly in Long-Term Care Institutions

Author(s): Yu-Zhou LUO,Wei CHEN,Yi LIAN / Language(s): English / Issue: 69/2020

The world is going through the process of population transition, where the aging of population structure has become the common social phenomenon globally. The major impact on nations and societies appears on medical resources flocking to the elderly that the demand for the elderly long-term care and support institutions is increasing. When elders move in the institutions, the change in living environment could easily have them encounter adjustment difficulty. Such adjustment problems often result in the elderly refusing to accept the life in the new environment or cause worsening health conditions and result in increasing incidence or mortality. Taking the elderly in long-term care institutions in Shanghai as the research objects, total 500 copies of questionnaire are distributed, and 367 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 73%. The research results conclude that relocation stress would affect health conditions; relocation stress would affect life adjustment, and health conditions reveal remarkably positive effects on life adjustment. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to assist the elderly, through the cooperation of care teams, in positively adjusting to the life in institutions, promote the perceived satisfaction with life in institutions, and enhance the health so as to reduce social health care and human care costs and, most importantly, offer new meaning and goal for the elderly life.

Czas nie mija, czas nie stoi... Krótkie filmy Wojciecha Hasa w perspektywie autobiograficznej

Author(s): Iwona Grodź / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

The paper describes short films made by Wojciech Has, for example Harmonia (1947), Moje Miasto (1950), and searches for traces of (auto)biography in them. The purpose was to show their semantic potential and to draw attention to the richness of possible interpretations. Only an attitude of scientific openness enables the avoidance of the burden of all fundamentalisms, certainties, and holistic approaches. The educational perspective was revealed in the update of research tools related to hermeneutics and thematic perspective.

Czas wolny i aktywność społeczna starszych wiekiem mieszkańców Białegostoku

Author(s): Jerzy Halicki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2020

The paper is based on surveys conducted among elderly people (65+) living in Białystok. Its aim is to analyze the current situation and changes that have occurred in the area of social activity of seniors over the last twenty years. It is shown that elderly people who are healthy and educated individuals, with sufficient material security and, in general, satisfied with life are more active. It also occurs that women participate more often in social activities than men; the same applies to seniors from the younger age cohorts.

Digital Competence of 45+ People in the Process of Job Search

Author(s): Alina Marchlewska,Piotr Goetzen,Grzegorz Sowa / Language(s): English / Issue: 6.2/2015

The rapid development of modern technologies and the Internet are the main reasons why that more and more institutions offer their services through the network. Access to the Internet and the use of modern technology moves into economic development and quality of life of society. In many industries having the IT competences is a prerequisite for getting a job. ICT technologies available (including social media and social networks) can and should be used also in the process of obtaining work. This article presents assess the use of web technologies in Poland for professional activation of Poles especially after 45 years of age.

Digital Leisure in Later Life: Facebook Use among Romanian Senior Citizens

Author(s): Dan Chiribuca,Adriana TEODORESCU / Language(s): English / Issue: 69/2020

Set against a double background, the sociology of ageing and the digital sociology, and using concepts and theories from the field of leisure studies, the present study approached Romanian elderly (60+) users of Facebook in an exploratory qualitative research, combining content analysis, interviews and participative observation. The main objectives are to explore the elderly online behaviour in terms of preferences, distributed content, as well as motivations, perceived benefits and challenges related to their online life, and also to investigate the connection between their digital selves and their offline identities. The paper also discusses the measure in which social media is understood by Romanian senior citizens as a digital leisure, beyond the instrumental role of connecting the lonely elders with their families and friends. The study reveals the tension between the attraction that Facebook exerts on Romanian seniors and the anxiety it generates. It highlights also that for Romanian elders, Facebook provides a fragile digital leisure, as they see their time spent on the social network as rather shallow and hedonistic. Moreover, seeing Facebook as a territory dominated by younger generations contributes to digital exclusion, sometimes along with a feeling of inadequacy and vulnerability.

Dyskryminacja ze względu na wiek w aspekcie praktyk organizacyjnych i zarządzania wiekiem

Author(s): Anna Lubrańska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The main aim of this article is to present the results of an age discrimination in the organization, in the addition of an age management’s context. Age management is a term that becomes more and more often considered within characteristics of organizational phenomena related to demographic changes in the working population. Therefore the general purpose of this research is the analysis of the relationship between an age management and age discrimination. There were examined 395 working persons (233 women and 162 men). The results of the stati¬stically analysis (cross tabs) showed significant relationships between level of age management, type of the organizational climate and age discrimination.

Ekoterapia jako forma wspomagania i aktywizacji seniorów

Author(s): Kazimierz Kopczyński / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The article presents a form of supporting and stimulation to activity of the seniors, little-known in geragogy and clinical gerontology, which is therapeutical influence of natural environment (ecotherapy). The use of ecotherapy in the induction of neurogenesis in the phase of old age is presented, as well as its use in creating the feeling of coherence, in supporting the seniors in critical situation, and also the meaning of ecotherapy for family life and strengthening family connections are emphasized. Here is an enormous potential in ecotherapy which can be functioning of the Universities of the Third Age or other institutions engaged in supporting and stimulation to activity of the seniors. used in many aspects of supporting the old. Ecotherapy should be very important factor in the functioning of the Universities of the Third Age or other institutions engaged in supporting and stimulation to activity of the seniors.

Emocje – relacje – empatia w wieku dojrzałym. Warsztat: Jak zadbać o siebie

Author(s): Jolanta Marchlewska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2019

Invaluable tips on how to improve or change your life to make it happy and fulfilling. A wonderful and much-needed book! Urszula Dudziak The book encourages the reader to reflect on self-development, to shape the ability to authentically express oneself in relations with others, and to listen to other people with mindfulness. The suggested exercises can inspire the reader to change their adult life. Beata Bugajska University of Szczecin. Vice President of Polish Gerontological Society This book can teach us some practical ways of saying “no” and accepting “no” out of concern for the relationship, as well as of expressing gratitude and asking in harmony with oneself, so that we can build our adult lives in a conscious way. Joanna Berendt Certified coach. Mediator with Nonviolent Communication. ICF PCC accredited coach The book gives us a tool to create a satisfying life, to develop new abilities that let us enjoy every day and take delight in another person. The suggested exercises help us understand our own behaviour and emotions. If we feel that we’re out of touch with our feelings, off-balance in terms of giving and taking, unable to view events without interpreting them, and lack assertiveness in setting boundaries – then we are exactly who this book has been written for. Wanda Matras-Mastalerz. The KEN Pedagogical University of Kraków. President of the Polish Bibliotherapy Society This title should be on everyone’s required reading list. Thanks to this handbook, we can rediscover our needs and feelings, understand what is important in relations with other people to cocreate the world based on empathy. Paweł Piątkowski. The WAM University Clinical Hospital in Łódź Just grab this book if you’re uncomfortable with yourself or around others, and you feel incapable of changing it. To teach and raise oneself is the most difficult task. This handbook will help you do it. Jolanta Miśkiewicz, poetess