Czy istnieje sezonowy rytm rozwoju w warunkach tropikalnych? (Raport 1 z dwuletnich comiesięcznych badań na Jukatanie w Meksyku)

Author(s): Anna Siniarska,Armando Rojas,Graciela Valentin,Napoleon Wolański,Federico Dickinson / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

The main aim of this work concerns the answer to the question of whether the general regularity of seasonal differences in changes of height, weight, and body components during ontogeny in tropics exists. If so, whether this phenomenon depends on cyclic changes in nature or this rather is an adjustment to local conditions and mode of life. To answer this question the studies took place in the tropical climate of Yucatan and included 49 boys and 47 girls aged 11-12 years and being of Maya, Mestizo, and Creole origin. The youths were attending two schools that were located in rather poor districts of Merida (the capital city of the Yucatan State, Mexico). The investigations started in February 2002 and ended in November 2003 and were continued monthly. The standard anthropometric methodology was applied to measure body height, weight, arm, waist, hip, and calf circumferences, and five subcutaneous fat folds (biceps and triceps brachii, subscapular, suprailiac and calf). Bioimpedance techniques were used to estimate fat mass (FM ), fat-free mass (FFM ), and total body water (TBW). The results show that general regularities in monthly or longer rates of stature increments and increments or declines of body mass do not exist. There are not similar regularities of changes even in groups of coevals of the same gender and within the youths coming from the same district. Each variable shows a quite specific rate of change.

Specyfika rozwoju osobniczego Homo sapiens na tle ssaków łożyskowych i Naczelnych

Author(s): Sławomir Kozieł,Anna Siniarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

During ontogeny, there are many phenomena that significantly differentiate humans from other mammals, including Primates. The present considerations and analysis of regression applied for many species to illustrate allometric relations of developmental spurts of height and weight to final values of these parameters in adults, allow to compare processes of growth of Homo sapiens with other Primates and to submit the following results: In Homo sapiens, the maximal rate of growth in length and body mass exists at the prenatal period (during gestation), and after birth, it decelerates. In the evolution of human ontogeny, two new stages occurred: The first one is „childhood" which is manifested by slow body growth and intense brain development. The second one is named „adolescence" and includes pubertal spurt of many body variables. In Humans, as compare with other Primates, the infancy and juvenile stages had been shortened. Human puberty begins when the postnatal rate of growth in height and weight is the lowest since birth and there is a considerable delay in puberty and sexual maturation than in other Primates. The adolescent growth spurt shortens the time needed to reach sexual maturity, which could have been much longer as the result of a slow growth that childhood. Sexual dimorphism in the intensity of pubertal spurt of body mass is smaller in Humans than in other Primates. On the contrary, sexual dimorphism in the onset of puberty and growth rate in height at this stage is rather well manifested. The adolescent stage is divided into two parts because there is a delay of years between puberty and the onset of the adult reproductive stage of life.

ANTROPOJENİK OLARAK ETKİLENEN TOPRAKLARIN MİKROBİYOTASI

Author(s): Shabnam ASADOVA / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 54/2022

Environmental pollution provides a basis for assessing the consequences and taking the necessary measures to eliminate them. The influx of pollutants into the soil leads to the deformation of microbiocenoses and the accumulation of toxic substances. Such changes in the composition of microbiocenoses stabilize faster than in phytocenoses. It would be more accurate to link this to the ability of microbiota to reproduce rapidly. That is why the idea of using microorganisms in biomonitoring is extremely important for ecologists, bacteriologists, mycologists and protozoologists. It is very important to observe the recent changes in the environment as a result of anthropogenic impact. The interest in soil microorganisms in this area is mainly due to their impact on soil fertility, vegetation, including fauna and human health. All soil bacteria have the ability to perform unique functions and participate in the destruction of plant remains in association with other representatives of the soil biota.

Podmiot w paradygmacie relacji ekosystemowej

Author(s): Krystyna Najder-Stefaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

The paper presents the notion of human subjects. The author emphasizes the fact, that the thinking in ecological paradigm demand of own notion of the subject so as to substantiate the notion of responsibility and creative possibility of man. Autor state that in thinking the metaphor of an ecosystem is indispensable the notion of subjectivity fits in with the nation of man.

Osiąganie kompromisu potrzeb człowieka i przyrody

Author(s): Karol Lewandowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

Utrzymanie dynamicznej równowagi ekosystemów Ziemi: (przyrodnicze i antropogeniczne mechanizmy)

Author(s): Antoni Skowroński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

Article comprehends analysis of biosphere and ecosystem notions and shows the importance of the dynamic balance of ecosystems such processes: physic-chemical cases sustaining life on the Earth and anthropogenic threats of the social and natural environment.

Problemy symulowania "sztucznego środowiska" habitatu z perspektywy sozopsychologii kosmicznej

Author(s): Jan F. Terelak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

The article tries to develop a theoretical and methodological basis for modeling human being's artificial environment in spaceships. The author, as a founder of "cosmic sozopsychology" understands this as a subdiscipline of sozopsychology, underlines the necessity to build a safety barrier to maintain and protect human life in an extreme cosmic environment. It demands a very detailed knowledge of man ecology including upper and bottom limits of tolerance for stressful factors existing in space. These aims are very useful for flight simulators. Among others, there are very important so-called "ecological imitators" of human work and human existence on board spaceships. The detailed knowledge of all stress factors has systematic character, including objective and subjective interactions within the human-environment system.

Wychować czy formować człowieka przetrwania?

Author(s): Irena Grochowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

In the modern world, man has more and more responsibilities. Integration of thought, attitude, and activities providing “wisdom of life”, which guarantees careful activities in everyday life, is not enough. In nowadays era of fast changes, it is not enough to be a mature man in a sense of human cultural behavior, the needs are greater, anticipated thought and the ability to communicate with another man is necessary. Survival of man and overcoming the ecological crisis becomes a complex problem, which should be regarded as a system, a synthesis of theory and practice in many disciplines of science. A man prepared for service to the environment is called "Survival man". The "survival man" is a term, which refers to an integrally formed personality, that has a mature personality, prepared to coexist with other creatures. The "survival man" can integrate with others, make personal contacts "beyond boundaries" and also has the feeling of their vocation and their own place in nature. In order for these necessary dispositions of modern man, to become permanent behavior that is deeply motivated, the need for long-lasting bridging up process, after which follows later shaping in order for a man to achieve readiness to serve and act in a certain area. If a man is to serve, both to himself and others, first he has to reach to the deepest layers of the inner self - from sincerity to truth, in the bring in gup process. In order to reach full awareness of his role in the world.

Wybrane pojęcia stosowane w naukach o środowisku i ich interpretacja

Author(s): Krzysztof Biernat / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

Mistyka uwięziona w etyce, czyli Alberta Schweitzera mistyka etycznego zjednoczenia z bytem

Author(s): Krzysztof Jarosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

Postawy psychologiczne wobec ochrony środowiska

Author(s): Zdzisław Golan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

Propedeutyka polityki środowiskowej

Author(s): Dominika Molak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2004

Wpływ nawiewu bocznego wspomagającego na skuteczność usuwania zanieczyszczeń powietrza ze stanowiska spawalniczego

Author(s): Tomasz Jankowski,Piotr Sobiech / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The correct design of the ventilation system at the welding station requires the determination of the welding fumes flows and the definition of the basic welding process parameters. On the basis of the review of ventilation solutions used to protect man against air pollution occurring during welding work and conducted analysis of the work environment of welders, guidelines and normative documents, it is possible to choose the best variant of air flow through the devices and local exhausts. The existing solutions for the installation of ventilation of welding stations are not fully effective in terms of capturing particles of welding dust and fumes. If they already provide a sufficiently effective removal of welding fumes, this requires the use of large exhaust air streams. Based on the test results, it was found that the lateral supply support allows to increase the capture efficiency and reduce the flow of welding fumes from the welding work zone to the upper zone. The use of supportive ventilation allowed to improve the range of effective local exhaust ventilation in the welding process.

Skok pokwitaniowy i budowa ciała dziewcząt z Meridy (Jukatan, Meksyk) jako sposób przystosowania do warunków życia

Author(s): Anna Zielińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2003

The patterns of physical growth (stature, BMI, subscapular and arm fat-fold thickness, upper and lower extremity length, chest circumference, arm, and hip breadth, and age at menarche) were studied in 857 of Maya and Mestizo girls and 1314 of Creole girls aged 6-18 years. Data were collected between 1998-2001 in primary, secondary, and high schools of Merida, Capital City of the Yucatan State, Mexico. The ethnicity of girls was defined using their two surnames (from the father and mother side). The results show that Creoles are taller, have more abundant fat tissue, and greater BMI, especially at the age of 11 years, which means that they are better prepared to start pubertal spurt. Maya girls have relatively longer upper extremities to lower ones, greater biacromial breadth, and chest circumference to stature than Creoles, which shows their more stocky body build. The adolescent (pubertal) spurt in height starts earlier in Creoles (9-10 years) and its rate is greater (max. = 7.48 cm/ year) than in Maya and Mestizos girls (10-11 years; max. = 6.25 cm/year). In Mayas and Mestizos, there is only a slight difference between the rate of changes before and during the pubertal spurt. There are no significant differences in age at menarche between girls from both ethnic groups (11.96 in Mayas and Mestizos and 12.04 in Creoles), but there are statistically significant differences between age at menarche of studied girls and their mothers (12.4 for both groups) in each ethnic group. There is evidence that the onset of pubertal spurt in height and its rate may depend on ethnicity. Creoles may lead to more “westernized” style of life than the Maya and Mestizos girls.

Spór o socjobiologię klasyczną

Author(s): Zbigniew Łepko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2003

“Sociobiology: New Synthesis” is a book written by W. O. Wilson, which in 1975 started the famous dispute about sociobiology. The dispute is the contemporary version of the old one about the nature of man. The issue concerns the factor, which determines the behaviors of living organisms, especially human beings. There were two groups who took part in that dispute. On one side, there were sociobiologists under the leadership of Wilson. On the other, there were left-wing scientists and students connected with the Sociobiology Study Group of Science for the People. In the first stage, the dispute was very intense and political, however, it soon became more content-related. The dispute is not over yet. Both sides agreed for a ceasefire, but they are ready to open it at any time.

Ekonomia środowiska - współczesna nauka z tradycjami

Author(s): Violetta Korporowicz-Żmichowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2003

The fact that problems of environmental degradation and its protection are getting more important is caused among others by limitations in management efficiency. It forces us to look at economic processes with consideration of the output of such disciplines that say how one shall manage in a situation of limited natural resources. This discipline is without any doubt environmental protection. This science indicates methods and economic instruments that can be applied in economic practice necessary in environmental protection. It deals also with problems related to economic researches of implications of environmental policy. The same environmental economics that results from the neo-classical trend of economics looking at the market as an unfailing mechanism of economic regulation proves that the invisible hand of the market fails in the case of environmental protection. That is why we shall apply different types of instruments especially these related to indirect regulation (including such economic instruments as taxes) that support actions related to the limitation of environmental degradation. It's worth also adding that recognition of methodological premises of this science supports not only the development of this discipline but first of all, it shows her applicable character. Practical usage of rules prepared by environmental economics shall be used by all participants of economic life beginning with consumers and finishing with producers and governing in order to keep not only current natural resources but first of all to take care after possible development of the next generations.

Promocja bezpieczeństwa ekologicznego w Gminie Warszawa-Bielany

Author(s): Iwoa Grunt-Mejer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2003

That paper shows the most important thesis of the author’s dissertation. The dissertation mainly realizes diagnostic aims. The problem takes up in it concerns the real role of local government in ecological safety promotion. The basis point of reference is the typology of instruments and styles of realization social policy. Ecological safety is one of the more important needs of humans. On the other hand, the local government in the typology of entity realizing social policy is located as a public and legal entity, which acts on a local scale. The adoption method of study case has been a way to realize cognitive aim and grant research appliqué value, comparison base for different local governments. The dissertation has theoretical value, too (there is indirectly check the accuracy of safety promotion definition during research). The statement, that local government ought to and able to be a teacher in ecological safety matters can be considered as basis conclusions.

Interactive sources of intimacy: psychological, social, environmental

Author(s): Darius Śleszyński / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2003

The Internet communication in the perspective of personalism of E. Mounier

Author(s): Robert Więckowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2003

In the paper, it is discussed the communicative role of the Internet in the view of Mounier’s conception of personal communication. E. Mounier distinguishes two aspects of human communication: objective and subjective. The first one is reduced to the function of giving information, the second one. is specific for a man as a person. It is presented the most essential features of subjective, existential communication, that after all requires an understanding of other people. This attitude, according to Mounier, is not possible without opening to transcendence. In this view, the Internet is regarded as an objective tool of communication. It is briefly discussed the main ways of using the Internet in keeping up human relationships, the specific features of the tool, its advantages and disadvantages for personal contact. Finally, the development of the Internet is understood as a symptom of the need of passing on thoughts, considerations, and love to others as a human special privilege.

Zagadnienie światopoglądu w edukacji ekologicznej

Author(s): Jacek Czartoszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2003

The XXI century for humanity is a challenge in awareness of failures in the condition of the social environment as well in huge contamination of nature. This problem can be resolved only on the way of grasping the junctures of man in the world toward Absolute and the other adventitious entities. There is a necessary general change of human awareness, which will strengthen love to the other people and amends an evil site between mankind. It should be joined with changing mentality reducing consumption material goods (savings in using up energies and industrial goods) and taking care of remaining for succeeding generations natural environments in better condition than that nowadays. It also needs to create a new high level of outlook upon ecology, which accepts ecological values. This outlook eschewing idealism and inaccuracies should be based on the real ground of Aristotelic and Thomistic orientation. Moreover, it must avoid hatchway in the knowledge, from here society aside from knowledge natures, technical, juridical and economical should own knowing humanistic, which regards anthropology, axioms, theology, and religion (get into completely mode with helping of recognition common sense, wisdom, scientific, philosophic and religionist). On the other way hatchways, inaccuracies, and even contrarieties into understanding the world will become dominant and lead to quarrels and antagonisms. From here floats a huge challenge for leaders, who should take on their own shoulder responsibility upon the future of our planet and humanity.