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Nowadays the problem of biodiversity conservation due to overall increase of anthropogenic impact on natural ecosystems is very important. In general, the effective way of biodiversity preservation is the creation of protected areas. In our opinion the aquatic plants, including higher aquatic vegetation affected by negative impact, are the most vulnerable in the Sula River.
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Effect of mammal fossorial activity as an ecological factor of the soil genesis intensification is studied. Enzymatic activity of soil as its ability to demonstrate a catalytic effect for various compounds transformation is examined. Variability of soil urease activity in technogenic conditions with the participation of animals is shown. The positive influence of animals’ activity on the catalitic ability of the investigated soils was determined. The statistically significant characteristics which have an influence on the urease activity in soil are found out.
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Influence of deep rejuvenated pruning on renewal of trees’ crowns of the genus Tilia L. in conditions of pollution has been studied. The more intensive and prolonged growth of sprouts in rejuvenated trees was accompanied by more number of leaves in comparison with uncut trees. The almost full regeneration of the crown of rejuvenated trees is observed in several years.
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In vegetative experiment the peculiarities of hydrocarbons composition of the leaves surface waxes of Ambrosia artemisifolia grown out of seeds from control plants and ones treated by herbicides were studied. The substantial increase of high-molecular hydrocarbons but reduction of low-molecular constituents are established. The dependence of hydrocarbons composition changes on the influence of particular herbicides and its combinations is revealed. The enhancing of protective properties of juvenile ambrosia’s surface waxes in consequence of revealed changes is supposed.
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Effects of saline stress (NaCl) on yield and vegetative characteristics of eight maize cultivars were studied. The cultivars K3615/1, S.C704, B73, S.C302, Waxy, K3546/6, K3653/2, and Zaqatala were cultivated in two plots of the Astara region: one was with normal soil and the other – with salty one. Salinization reduced the plant height, ear length, ear diameter, number of plant leaves, stem diameter, number of rows in an ear, number of grains in a row, and dry plant mass in all cultivars. Maximal ear length was observed in Zaqatala, B73, and S.C704, and the least one was detected in K3653/2. Salinization decreased crop yield of all the cultivars. Certain correlations between studied parameters were found.
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Β-carotene biosynthetic processes of the fungus Blakeslea trispora are studied for different technological modes of cultural liquid aeration under industrial conditions. It is shown, that the increase of aeration degree stimulates the accumulation of biomass and carotene’s formation. The operating practices of the maximal aeration since the 10th hour of cultivation are recommended to the use.
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Comparative data on structure and biomass of soil mesofauna depending on a biodiversity of vegetation of inundated meadows under conditions of anthropogenic influence are presented. By augmentation of vegetation diversity on meadows there is a tendency of increse of a biomass of soil invertebrates.
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The paper deals with the investigation of phosphate solubilisation conducted by two bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Enterobacter dissolvens under conditions of different rates of aeration and рН. Bacterial development was characterized by different media acidity and aeration levels. It was established optimal aeration rates and potential of hydrogen for soil bacteria growth and phosphate solubilisation – 0.5721 mole О2/l per hour and pH ≈ 6.0.
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Quantitative regularities of the filtration feeding of the Black Sea oyster depending on some ecological factors were studied. Influence of food concentration on filtration activity of shellfish is described. Dependences of filtration speed are certain on the body mass of oysters under different temperature conditions were found. The seasonal changes of its intensity in the Kerch Strait and the Donuzlav Estuary are illustrated. Influence of water salinity on filtration activity of the oyster is established.
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Modelling of gene frequencies dynamics in the Volga kilka populations under influence of the natural selection factors is carried out. It is established, that inversion of frequencies of two allelic loci, which is observed in a real situation, may occur only under the factors of natural selection. Theoretically, it can descend in an ecological time scale.
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In model experiment the changes of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity in Zea maise seeds and seedlings under high temperature, and lead and cadmium ions combine action were investigated. Tissue-specific dynamics of enzymatic activity under two factors’ combine action was revealed. The dependence of enzyme’s activity level in seedlings’ organs from influence of cadmium and lead ions under short-term action of high temperature was shown. The enhancing of heavy metals detoxification process in seedlings under long-term action of high temperature was concluded.
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Role of calcium cations in the formation of adaptive reactions to herbicides of the carp (Cyprinus carpio)
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Microelements level in common small mammals from biogeocoenoses situated at different distances from the technogenic emission source was studied. The microelements concentrations were determined in the studied biotopes. Small mammals can be used as bioindicators of the natural environment contamination of industrial wastes.
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Influence of the environmental pollution on the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activity in the blood serum of the sand lizard has been studied. Aminotransferases (ALT and AST) are similar by the mechanism of action. These enzymes take part in the amino acids metabolism. The increase of the transaminases activities under conditions of the pollution is found. It may be a proof of a damage of relevant organs: namely, the liver.
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On the basis of field research data the characteristics of the roe deer tracking activity in steppe forests of a southeast of Ukraine under the snow cover conditions were presented. The pattern of biogeocenotic and spatial distribution of signs were established. The estimation of qualitative and quantitative parameters of an information field (set of signs) of this species was carried out. Its formation at this season was determined by a range of factors which included snow cover physical characteristics and its age, periodicity of snow deposition, habitat structure and human presence.
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Research of the generative sphere of plant genus Catalpa in the roadside forest belt was conducted. The belt’s ecological condition leads to the depression of blossoming and fruiting of C. bignonioides Walt. and C. speciosa Ward. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of fruits and seeds were changed in comparison with a control. The changes in fruiting parameters are greater than flowering. Flowering characteristics of both species changed almost identically, with the exception of the blossom cluster length. The description of fruiting changed substantially in C. speciosa Ward.
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Mathematical models system allowing assessing the state of 7 weeds species by the allelopathic activity and some morphology-physiological and cytogenetic indices is presented. There are many morphology-physiological and cytogenetic features may be used for the bioindication of cultural plants’ state. They are height, leaf area, chlorophyll or carotenoids content, mitotic index, DNA content in the interphase nuclei of root meristem cells, somatic mutations level, truss size, pollen sterility and fertile pollen grains volume. These features essentially depend on the allelopathic activity of the weeds and different techniques of the crops management. They set up the uniform system in which every constituent may harmonize its changes with the other ones, that furthers the maintenance equilibrium in a biogeocoenosis.
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The paper reveals the influence of different classes of herbicides on changes in morphological and morpho-metric parameters in the carp’s organism of different ages. The role of separate herbicides in constructive metabolism and potentialities of the fish adaptation are estimated.
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Complex energy-ecology-saving system with the usage of compact power plants has been developed and recommended for country estates, farm houses and lands. The energy-ecology-saving system is a complex consisting of energetically interacting elements: house – hothouse (winter garden) – biogas reactor. Recycling of household and agricultural wastes is used extensively.
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Influence of the industrial air pollution on traits of Catalpa bignonioides Walt. fruiting has been studied. The fruiting quality of C. bignonioides plants became worse under environmental contamination by emissions of pipe factory and motor transport. The coefficient of fruiting was reduced owing to diminution of the fruits quantity. Moreover the dimensions and form of fruits changed.
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