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Етнички састав становништва Бањалуке крајем XIX века и почеком XX века

Author(s): Miroslav Niškanović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

During the forty years of Austrian - Hungarian rule, ethnic composition of the inhabitants of Banja Luka changed a lot. Muslim community became smaller, and in the end of the period it had 40% of total population. Serbian community still had 20% of the population. Planned emigration caused the number of Catholics to be larger, and in the end of period it had 25% of entire population. Considering social - economic and political relations, complex social structure of the inhabitants was made. Inside it we can notice existence of heterogeneous social groups. They can be formed according to ethnic, religious, cultural, class, social background.

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Teenage Pregnancy: Time for Change and Action

Author(s): Chelsea Campbell,Kruti Lehenbauer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although the teenage pregnancy rate in the United States has declined over the years, it is still higher than the teenage pregnancy rates in other industrialized countries. This paper attempts to identify the types of changes that have occurred between 1994 and 2017 by comparing the results of a 1996 study by Ventura, Martin, Matthews & Clarke with the results obtained using the 2017 National Natality Dataset obtained from the Center of Disease Control via the National Center of Health Statistics. The new data from 2017 demonstrates that the proportions of teenage births have gone down over the past few years, and that the racial/ethnicity component of teenage childbearing is also showing a narrowing trend. Even though we recognize the downward trend in teenage pregnancy, the concerns regarding the long-term socioeconomic outcomes arising from teenage births are still at large. We conduct a quantitative Logit analysis to identify what factors increase the probability of teenage motherhood in the United States and also conduct a short analysis of relevant existing public policies to provide recommendations for improvements that could potentially reduce the risk factors of teenage pregnancy in the United States.

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Summary

Author(s): Iva Šmídová,Lenka Slepičková,Eva Šlesingerová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Games of Life analyses current reproductive medicine in the Czech Republic. It targets biomedicine, as a concrete manifestation of modern society’s normalization of the Western approach to human health and illness by focusing on three specific fields: childbirth, assisted reproduction, and embryo manipulation. All three themes are approached with the concept of biopower as a form of governance and administration of modern populations (Foucault 1999).

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Assessing the Relationships between Demographics, Street Trees and Visual Recognition of Urban Buildings

Author(s): Yuen T. Tsang / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As more “green” cities are emerging in the 21st century, human recognition of urban buildings can be obstructed by increasing amount of vegetation in urban areas. While the architectural designs of urban buildings are more complicated than before, architects often seek the maximum exposure of the design to public. If vegetation obstructs significant portions of an innovative design of a building, the visual value and attractiveness of the building can diminish greatly. People may not able to retain much visual and spatial memories about a building or even a city because their views are obstructed. This paper begins with a thorough review of current and past literature about the relationship between buildings, street trees, and visibility in urban environments. The purpose of this research is to identify factors that influence visual recognizability of buildings in an urban environment. First, a method called “green ratio” is proposed to quantify the amount of greenery that people can see on the ground. The result can be beneficial to urban planners, architects, city planners, urban geographers, and city tourism board for better integrating vegetation and buildings in a cityscape. The goal of understanding people’s visual recognition of urban objects is to raise inhabitant’s satisfaction, capture their attention, and make strong impressions towards the city.

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Anatomy Of A Misfit: International Migration Statistics

Author(s): Ahmad Wali Ahmad Yar,Tuba Bircan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although many national states, international organisations e.g. the United Nations (UN), International Organisation for Migration (IOM), Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and NGOs, have been collecting data on international migration, the gaps in data persisted for many decades. In the recent years, there have been, to some extent, improvements in the availability, quality and comparability of data on international migration [1]. The UN gathered and made the estimates of migrant stock disaggregated by age, sex, origin and destination available for over 230 countries and areas in the world, covering from 1990 to 2019 [2]. Additionally, the European Commission and the Council agreed on an action plan in 2005 to take measures to improve the common analysis of migratory phenomena in all their aspects such as reinforcing the collection, provision, exchange and efficient use of up to date information and data [3].

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Demographic Gaps Between Syrian and the European Populations

Author(s): M. Murat Yüceşahin,Ibrahim Sirkeci / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

At least 6 million 148 thousand Syrians have been uprooted as a result of the crisis and conflict ongoing since 2011 in Syria. As of 6 August 2017, 5,165,502 have crossed the borders into neighbouring countries of Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan and Iraq whilst 983,876 moved further to Europe (UNHCR, 2017). A similar volume of population has been displaced within Syria too. This practically makes Syria one of the worst displacement cases in the history as more than half the contemporary population is displaced. Turkey with a long land border with Syria as well as historic links between populations, particularly in border provinces appeared as a favourite destination for Syrians who escape the conflict. As conflict grew and spread, in2012 and onwards, a sharp increase in the number of Syrians arriving in Turkey was observed (Yazgan et al., 2015; Sirkeci, 2017a). When Lebanon receiving proportionally the largest share of Syrian movers, Jordan, Egypt, and Iraq have also accommodated sizeable populations seeking refuge. Unlike the early days of the conflict when most movers preferred neighbouring countries, in later years, an increasing number of Syrians destined to Europe. There can be and are many factors moderating this behaviour. We can cite economic opportunities, democratic environment, as well as aspirations and cultures of migration among these factors. Certain political manoeuvres such as the German Chancellor Merkel’s welcoming message in 2015 have also played a role.

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Transfer of Marketing Knowledge in SMEs

Author(s): Ionuț Madgalena,Andreea Mocanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the differences in adolescentsʼ parentsʼ perception regarding the illegal drugs and drugs consumption among the adolescents. In order to carry out the research, a sociological questionnaire was developed, subsecvently to a qualitative information obtained by organizing 6 focus groups. The field survey was conducted in the municipality of Arad consisted of polling through the questionnaire technique a number of 204 families of students from 12 high schools. The results showed significant differences at thresholds of less than 0.05 between the group with high school and university degrees for variable knowledge and symptoms, between the parent group of Catholic religion and the other two groups (Orthodox and neo-Protestant) for knowledge and drug variables and also significant differences depending of the family structure. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between groups regarding the financial level of the families and the living environment.During the research there was also followed the perspective of the parents of adolescents on the most used drugs among the students: in their opinion, the most used drugs are marijuana and ethnobotanical, with 120, respectively 113 points, followed by ecstasy and cocaine, with 75, respectively 64 points, and on the last places on consumption are the other types of drugs tested, with scores below 35 points. The result of Chi-square test showed that the values of χ² are statistically significant for all drug categories, except for ethnobotanicals, in other words, the results can be generalized to the entire population.

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Demographic Transition – Morbidity and Causes of Death of the Elderly from 2015 to 2019 in the Republic of Croatia

Author(s): Agneza Aleksijević,Marko Aleksijević / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aging of Europe’s population is a demographic phenomenon that indicates a decline in fertility and mortality rates and longer life expectancy. The population of the European Union (EU) is declining. EU residents made up 13.5% of the world’s population in 1960 and 6.9% in 2018, and it is projected that by 2070 that number will drop to 4%, considering the decline in the EU’s birth rate compared to global trends. This shows us the aging of the population and the impact on age structure and contributes to the inversion of the demographic pyramid. The current demographic situation affects economic, social, and health policy. Furthermore, it is impossible to disregard the COVID-19 disease that has changed the demographic structure in the EU and the world, which has completely changed our daily lives. This is especially true for the elderly population, a vulnerable group in this epidemic. Since 2019, the most frequently identified diseases and conditions in the elderly in the Republic of Croatia are circulatory system diseases (18.8%), musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases (11.95%), respiratory diseases (7.99%), and endocrine disorders, dietary diseases, and metabolic diseases (7.27%). There have been 247,372 hospitalizations of individuals over 65 recorded in the Republic of Croatia (292.79/1,000). According to the data on deaths from the Central Bureau of Statistics, 43,108 individuals aged 65 and older died in 2019 (in 2018, that number was 43,576), and the mortality rate for this age group was 51.02/1,000 (in 2018, the rate was 52.34/1,000). By reviewing the available data from the 2015-2019 period, the rankings of the most common diseases remained unchanged. The proportion of hospitalized individuals increased from 226,491 (in 2015) to 247,372 (in 2019), and the number of deaths, which shows a declining trend, ranged from 44,350 (in 2015) to 43,108 (in 2019). Aging requires optimization in the segment of health, participation, and safety. In contrast, improving life quality requires optimization following the needs through the active realization of one’ potential during life and participation in society.

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Addressing inequalities: The collection of race statistics. A comparison between the European and the British approach to population registers

Author(s): Iris Egea Quijada / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Population registers collect relevant information about the migrant stock. Despite their formal formats, they are context-dependent and tied to the historical arrangements and social forces of each country (Simon, 2012). At the European level, there is no single approach to data collection. Recently, due to rising racism and inequalities, the collection of race statistics in population registers has triggered debate. In fact, in the field of migration studies, race is a highly contentious concept because its interpretation depends on specific contexts (Jacobs, 2018).

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DEMOGRAFICKÉ SOUVISLOSTI

Author(s): Jana Havlíková,Kateřina Kubalčíková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Stárnutí obyvatelstva, jako výsledek dlouhodobě nízké porodnosti a stále se zvyšující střední délky života,1 je společným rysem očekávaného demografického vývoje všech Evropských zemí včetně České republiky. V roce 2013 byl podíl obyvatel starších 65 let 20,7% z celkového počtu obyvatelstva ČR, z uvedené hodnoty pak 3,9% představují lidé ve věku nad 80 let (Eurostat 2014).

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Comparison of Static Perspective Views and 2D Maps – the Role of Age, Spatial Abilities, and Task Nature

Author(s): Lukáš Herman,Martina Faltejsková,Zdeněk Stachoň / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this study, we focus on the usability of pseudo-3D thematic maps (static perspective views) compared with their conventional 2D equivalents. A total of 105 study participants were divided into two groups (12–19 years old and 20–27 years old). A Perspective Taking Test measured their spatial abilities and each participant solved 15 tasks using four thematic maps. We compared map variants to determine which is more suitable for individual tasks. We then examined the differences between the two age groups and tried to find any relationship between the user’s spatial abilities and the number of correct answers. We observed a significant difference regarding the map’s visualization dimension only in one particular task and significant differences between the age groups when they worked with 2D maps. We found a positive correlation between the participant's level of spatial ability and the number of correct answers.

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SELECTED INDICATORS OF COMPUTER LITERACY OF THE POPULATION IN SLOVAKIA

Author(s): Katerina Vilinova,Gabriela Repaska,Laura Babjaková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Due to the rapid growth of scientific knowledge and development of information and communication technologies, significant changes are taking place in individual countries. New technologies are coming to the fore through which there is an increase in country's economy, employment as well as labor productivity. To some extent, this fact is influenced by the ability of basic computer skills. Computer handling is an essential knowledge important to all areas of human life. Computer work is one of the leading characters of an information society. At the same time, this indicator is also important from the viewpoint of regional development of individual regions. The aim of the paper is to characterize selected indicators of computer literacy (work with text and the Internet) in the districts of Slovakia based on the results of the population census in 2011. The methods of analysis, synthesis as well as graphical and cartographic methods will be the main methods used in the paper.

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DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVAKIA IN 2016

Author(s): Miloš Bačík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Demographic development in Slovakia corresponds to the long-term trend which originates in the change of the social system. In the 1990s, it was characterized particularly by a decreasing number of marriages and abortions, increasing divorce rate, a sharp decline in birth and fertility rates, rising unemployment, a low nominal wage and a high price level of goods and services. This demographic development was reflected in the deterioration of the key synthetic indicators which are in the long term below the threshold of sustainable growth. The age structure of the population was transformed by significant changes in the attitude towards reproduction. The shifts in age groups and the prolongation of human life have led to deepening the process of population ageing. In the present paper we focused on the brief characteristics of the demographic processes which to a different extent and scope influenced the demographic development in Slovakia in 2016. The concept of the paper is based on the data provided by the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, and the classical analysis is used as the main method. Graphical (especially cartographic) outputs in the form of thematic maps are the main contribution of the paper.

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SELECTED INDICATORS OF COMPUTER LTERACY OF THE POPULATION IN SLOVAKIA

Author(s): Katerina Vilinova,Gabriela Repaska,Laura Babjaková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

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TERITORIÁLNA DIFERENCOVANOSŤ VYBRANÝCH PRÍČIN SMRTI V PRIESTORE NITRIANSKEHO SAMOSPRÁVNEHO KRAJA

Author(s): Katerina Vilinova,Alena Dubcova,Gabriela Repaska / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Mortality is an essential part of every public and it accompanies the entire population. It is also an important demographic variable and indicator that closer characterizes the population, its overall level and living standard. Factors which affect mortality also affect the population health status. Recently, poorer population health status has been recorded and accompanied by a poorer lifestyle. Therefore, civilization diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. have high share on the total population mortality. These diseases are very extended and have become a common cause of death. Moreover, they have a dominant position in the mortality of the population in the Nitra Selfgoverning Region. The aim of this paper is characteristic of selected causes of death population in Nitra Region municipalities between 2008 – 2014. The main method of processing paper will be methods of spatial autocorrelation, complemented by methods of analysis, synthesis, as graphic and cartographic methods are used.

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Health Promotion by Physical Activity in Relation to Body Composition

Author(s): Tereza Sofková,Michaela Hřivnová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Regular physical activity is a natural tool in weight control. Appropriate indicators for conclusive evidence of somatic condition are individual body components. Our research objective was to analyse selected body composition fractions in relation to meeting recommended physical activity in young adult females. 258 women participated in our study; women were divided into two groups according to the physical activity level achieved, either meeting or not meeting the recommended physical activity level in terms of intensity (moderate physical activity, 3 to 5.99 MET) and level (≥ 150 min/week). To determine the physical activity parameters, namely the level and intensity within one week and average daily number of steps, ActiGraph GT1M Accelerometer was used. Direct Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method (DSM-BIA Method) using InBody 720 Body Composition Analyser was used to determine body composition parameters. The differences between the groups according to the physical activity level reached were statistically insignificant for the selected body composition fractions we investigated. Lower relative risk of damage to health as measured by the somatic indices (body mass index: BMI, body fat mass index: BFMI) was observed in women carrying out moderate physical activity level (MPA, 3 to 5.99 MET), i.e. 150 to 300 minutes. In the assessment of habitual recommended physical activity level, the women were classified either as active or women with typical daily activities. Research study verified positive relationship between meeting the recommended physical activity level and its impact on health risk indicators, namely lowering body fat mass index (BFMI), lowering body fat (BFP, BFM) and smaller visceral fat area (VFA). Positive approach to the physical activity may lead to the decrease in number of health problems associated with excess weight and obesity in later age.

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Exhumace ostatků G. J. Mendela - Die Exhumierung

Author(s): Eva Drozdová,Dana Fialová / Language(s): English,Czech,German Publication Year: 0

Immediately after the archaeologists lifted the coffin with the remains of Gregor Johann Mendel from the grave in the tomb of the Augustinian Order at the Brno Central Cemetery, the coffin was transported to the local morgue. It was here where all the tasks related to the field anthropological research were carried out: the taking of samples for genetic analysis, the removal of the body from the coffin, and the removal and safe storage of all the artefacts which were present in the coffin along with the bodily remains.

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Výzkum kosterních pozůstatků G. J. Mendela - Das Skelett

Author(s): Eva Drozdová / Language(s): English,Czech,German Publication Year: 0

After being removed from the coffin, the skeletal remains of Gregor Johann Mendel were transported for further anthropological analysis to the Laboratory of Biological and Molecular Anthropology of the Section of Genetics and Molecular Biology at the Department of Experimental Biology of the Faculty of Science, Masaryk University. After a brief acclimatisation in the skeletal material depository, the state of the bone tissue was evaluated, and the anthropological analysis commenced. First, the individual bones were cleaned. Because they were in good condition, no complicated reconstruction was necessary. Most of the bones, except for the pelvic bones and the tibiae, were intact. At this stage, the skeletal remains were ready for anthropological study. • The bones were well preserved. The best preserved were the skull and the upper part of the postcranial skeleton.

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Poděkování - Danksagung

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English,Czech,German Publication Year: 0

The authors thank all who have contributed to the research on the bodily remains and genetic information of Abbot Mendel and those who initiated the research project.

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Teoria Schimbării pentru Reziliența Demografică

Author(s): Adrian Lupușor / Language(s): Romanian

The Theory of Change for Demographic Resilience represents an analysis of the demographic context in the Republic of Moldova and sets policy priorities for transforming demographic changes into a development opportunity. This is based on 3 pillars: adaptation, mitigation and adjustment. The Theory of Change for Demographic Resilience is developed by the UN Population Fund (UN FPA), based on the partnership with the "Expert-Group" Independent Analytical Center and the Demographic Research Center, at the request of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection.

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