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The article is focused on the study of the family image in the mass consciousness of the Belarusians. The main indicators of family stereotypes in Belarus are analyzed in the paper. Among them are the following: attitudes and factors that influence reproductive behavior; the attitude of Belarusians towards traditional and non-traditional forms of family relations; intergenerational and gender relations within the family; experience of living in a “civil” (unregistered) marriage; attitude towards the activities carried out by state bodies within the frame of family policy. A detailed sociological analysis with the identification of socio-demographic and territorial specifics was given to each of the revealed «markers».
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The article presents the results of a qualitative inquiry into the gender division of household labour in Croatia, in the wider context of the total work practices of a household (i.e., total paid and unpaid work contributing to the realisation of its goals). The data were gathered through 92 semi-structured interviews (34 with men, 43 with women, and 15 with partners), carried out in all Croatian regions, with a high degree of variation in socio-demographic characteristics. Relational gender analysis was applied, the theoretical framework of which rested primarily on Bourdieu’s praxeological approach to the concept of strategy, as well as on Pahl’s conceptualisation of total work of the household and Hochschild’s analysis of the gender dimension of strategies. Categorisation processes included three levels of coding (referential, open, and selective) while linking processes included the construction of analytical profiles and tables. The individual gender strategies identified relating to the performance of household labour are the strategies of unquestionability, resistance to change, cooperation, and proactive egalitarianism (for men), and the strategies of unquestionability, pressure, acceptance and proactive egalitarianism (for women). Bringing into relation the aforementioned male and female individual gender strategies and applying the criterion of gender balance resulted in the following typology of the household strategies related to the division of household labour: unquestionably traditional, predominantly traditional, initially egalitarian, and proactively egalitarian. The component of justification concerning the division of household labour appears partially in both male and female individual strategies. The theoretical contribution of the analysis lies with the application of Bourdieu’s praxeological approach to strategies in relational gender research.
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Clinical miscarriage is pathology of diagnosed pregnancy before the 22nd week of prenatal development of a child weighing less than 500 g. Every fourth woman experiences a procreational loss as a result of a clinical miscarriage. This type of obstetric failure is conditioned by multifactorial etiology of genetic, immunological, endocrine, morphological and anatomical, infectious, iatrogenic origins. The physiology of miscarriage allows making a typology of its clinical forms and on this basis distinguishing: threatening miscarriage, beginning miscarriage, ongoing miscarriage, complete miscarriage, incomplete miscarriage, retained miscarriage, cervical miscarriage, febrile miscarriage and septic miscarriage. The frequency of miscarriage indicates episodic and recurrent failures. The author of the study attempted to conceptualize clinical miscarriage and present its synthetic characteristics based on a review of the literature on the subject by employing the desk research method. As a result of the conducted analyzes the need to include the issue of reproductive losses in family education curricula and broadly understood prenatal education as a form of psychosocial prevention of obstetric failures and shaping positive social attitudes towards parents in mourning after miscarriage was pointed out.
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Self-image constitutes an axial element of the human personality structure that regulates their behaviour. It plays an important role in the self-regulation process. Internet addiction is a disorder, the main symptom of which is the loss of self-regulating abilities and control of one’s behaviour in relation to the machine, which is the result of, inter alia, functioning of mechanisms that distort self-perception. The following article presents the results of a comparative analysis carried out on a group of 70 men addicted to the Internet and 66 non-addicted men, within the self-image structure measured by the Adjective Check List (ACL) by B. B. Gough and A. B. Heilbrun. Research results indicate that there are statistically significant differences in the structure of self-image within both groups. Purposive sampling and small sample size (N = 136) limit the scope of inference, however, they have a significant application value, which is worth considering while designing preventive and therapeutic interventions strengthening deficit areas in addicts.
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On July 22, 1908, Pope Pius X established the Association of Our Lady of a Happy Death as universal for the whole Church. On May 30, 1987, the Primate of Poland, Cardinal Joseph Glemp, approved the Polish Branch of the Association at the Shrine to the Virgin Mary in Górka Klasztorna. He also permitted the Missionaries of the Holy Family to carry out this work. The purpose of the Association is the propagation of prayer and preparation for a good death. The article presents in details history and mission of the Association, also called the Apostolate of Good Death.
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Family transformations in different countries have both common tendencies and differences that are reflected in young people’s perceptions of the family and family values. The article purpose is to analyse the family values of contemporary Ukrainian youth, taking into account the cross-cultural context.The performed analysis shows the similarity of family development trends in Ukraine and other European countries: moving away from the traditional family model, experimenting with other forms of relationships, postponing marriages and births of children etc., which is reflected in the family values of youth. At the same time, young people believe that an ideal family is rather a family with traditional structures and with a partner-type relationship, but with a certain imbalance in role distribution. The striking differences in family value perceptions characteristic for boys and girls testify to the significant influence of gender stereotypes. Keeping some of the traditional views, Ukrainian youth are actively experimenting with new forms of partnership/family. Young people’s perceptions of the family are contradictory: the idealized traditional model is combined with their willingness to experiments; the focus on partnerships is mixed with gender stereotype influence.
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A child’s hearing impairment is a challenge for parents. Thanks to early diagnosis, parents can decide to treat and support the development of a deaf child already from infancy. The surdopedagogical literature mainly focuses on the role of the mother in the development of such a child, her experiences, as well as the effects of deafness on her functioning. The present article offers a review of Polish and foreign literature on fatherhood with a deaf child and aims to show the researchers’ interest areas in paternity in relation to a child with hearing impairment, including: the importance of the father’s presence in the life of a deaf child, the role of the father, his commitment to care, paternal/parental stress and its effects on the whole family, a sense of efficiency and coherence in fathers, coping with problems, social support, mental health disorders in fathers. Finally, the paper proposes postulates for further research on the fatherhood of deaf children.
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Paternity to a deaf child is a big challenge, while the attention of researchers and practitioners focuses mainly on the experiences and role of the mother. Therefore, the increasing number of scientific reports on the experiences of the father in this situation, his paternal role and the importance of his involvement in the upbringing of the child should be noted with appreciation. The article presents the results of 14 fathers’ research by means of a diagnostic survey using a self-assessment questionnaire and M. Ziemska’s Parents’ Questionnaire. On the basis of the research results it can be concluded that fathers of deaf children understand paternity as a responsibility for the child and a duty to meet its needs; they evaluate themselves as good fathers; most of them try to support the development of their child by participating in its everyday activities, rehabilitation, important life events and instilling the hierarchy of values, but they attribute to their wife a much greater role in the child’s everyday life and in supporting it emotionally; they perceive their child with hearing loss as independent, yet in need of more care and attention than a child with hearing loss; fathers differ in parental attitudes, some adopt an attitude of over-abundance, control and helplessness, half of them with an attitude of distance. Undoubtedly, fathers, like the rest of the family (or rather the family as a system), require various forms of help and support, including psychological support.
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The article presents research conducted by Department of Pedagogy of Family in Institute of Pedagogy in the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin. This article describes three main questions. The purpose of the first question is to present family pedagogy, its character and circumstances of formation Department of Pedagogy of Family . The second question is to show what kind of research is carried out by researches. And the third question is related to popularising research by organising conferences and releasing in editorial publication series.
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The article attempts to present the development of pedagogical reflection on upbringing in the family including the pursuit of specialization and integration of knowledge on the example of practicing family pedagogy at the Institute of Pedagogy of the Catholic University of Lublin. An attempt was made to answer the question: in what is the integration and specialization of pedagogy knowledge about family expressed and what directions of research conducted by T. Kukołowicz and J. Wilka reveal the pursuit of knowledge specialization and integration.
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The purpose of this article is to outline the application of the concept of experience in the pedagogical reflection on the family, and to indicate the need for a multidimensional and integrated understanding of this concept.The article first presents the ways of understanding the concept of experience in the pedagogical reflection on the family. Then, it presents the role of the experiences acquired within the family as the basis for the formation of further experiences by children. Further on, the article discusses the relationship between sensory experiences and experiences in the context of family life. This is followed by an analysis of a special kind of experience—experiencing the value of oneself and its references to the development of the child within the family. The last section discusses the role of the subjective aspect of the child’s experiences within the family, i.e. the importance of the family environment as a place of the formation and acquisition of experiences.
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Everyday’s life brings so many visual and auditorial external stimulus that experiencing silence seems to be essential to create good marital relationships and strenghten them. A family is a space of meeting, development of people in which man creates his identity and discover his own place in the world. Silence and calmness, differently defined, are necessary to shape a good family atmosphere in development process, all the more in a family dialogue. The value of silence should be appreciate in a self-education process as well as upbringing young generation.
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The issue of adolescent fathers’ involvement in care and education of their children constitutes the subject of the growing interest of policymakers and societies. The main aim of this study is to present arbitrarily selected results of empirical research, which will allow ascertaining adolescent fathers’ involvement in children’s care and education. Based on the cited research results, it can be stated that most adolescent fathers are interested in their children’s affairs as well as declare their commitment to care for them even when they do not live with them.
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The aim of the study is to outline the similarities and differences in fertility intentions of the contemporary young generations in Bulgaria. The analysis is focused on the people in reproductive age belonging to different social groups defined by ethnicity, education, social origin etc. Data from European Social Survey-2010 are used. This wave of the survey includes а question about fertility intentions in the near future (next three years). Based on these data a descriptive analysis of the similarities and differences in fertility intentions among the respondents from different social groups defined by gender, age, marital status, ethnicity and education was done. Descriptive statistical analysis as well as two logistic regression models in which the significance of the social differences among the respondents are applied. The results show that age, marital status, number of children, ethnicity, education and health status have strong differentiating effect on individuals’ intentions of having a child in near future.
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The present study aims at analyzing the changes in the cohort fertility models and the dynamics of their major characteristics. The analysis spans 40 generations of women born in the period 1930-1970 and having completed their reproductive cycle as well as generations still in fertile age as of the study completion date. The study used data on the cohort fertility in Bulgaria until 2009 available from the Human Fertility Database and subsequently new data on the completed and cumulative cohort fertility at age 40 was calculated. For this purpose, the distributions of women by generation, age and parity were reconstructed for the period 2009-2019 and their age-specific cohort fertility rates were calculated: both total and according to the rank of the children born. The dynamics of the completed cohort fertility indicators shows a clear trend towards a decrease in the fertility of the generations of women considered. The process of declining of secondrank births began among the generations of the 1950s while in first-rank births, albeit less, the decline began among the generations of the 1960s. The most noticeable is the change in the agespecific fertility patterns of first and second rank observed in the generations of the 1970s when the process of births postponement is assumed to have been starting. The births of younger fertile ages decrease and the births of the higher ages increased and were especially visible in the generations of women born in the mid-1970s showing a process of recovery of some of the postponed births for those generations of women.
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In this article I use the socialist concept “happy childhood” and the popular after the end of socialism notion “carefree childhood” to analyze state policies in relation to socialist children’s happiness and their subjective experiences. By focusing on the memories of then children of their summer vacations I aim to show that the organized holydays in summer camps as part of the project of “happy childhood” are remembered with ambivalent feelings, while vacations spent in grandma’s (and grandpa’s) village house are saturated with positive meanings and are constructed as the most “carefree” time of childhood. Thus, it can be argued that socialist state attempts to remove children’s happiness from their home and family by creating organized public spaces for that purpose were not especially successful, as far as summer camps were concerned. Instead, today’s adults construct grandma’s (and grandpa’s) house in the village as a parallel territory of happiness during their childhood years where under “adult care and in full freedom” they spent a large portion of their summer vacations.
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Objective: Maintaining healthcare services consumption as needed during a pandemic crisis is important, in general, and specifically for older adults. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine factors associated with experiences related to healthcare services among Israeli older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 261 older adults (aged 60+). Participants completed measures of perceived health status, COVID-19 perceived risk, knowledge about COVID-19, depression, coping resources, experiences with healthcare services (contact with a family physician, fear of contracting the virus via direct contact with the healthcare system). Two multiple regressions were calculated for the following dependent variables: contact with a family physician during COVID-19, and fear of contracting the virus via direct contact with the healthcare system during COVID-19. Results: Older adults’ contact with a family physician during COVID-19 was lower than their contact prior to the pandemic. A higher extent of contact with a family physician during COVID-19 was related to higher knowledge about COVID-19. In addition, a higher extent of fear of contracting the virus via direct contact with the health system during COVID-19 was related to lower years of education, higher COVID-19 perceived risk, and lower knowledge about COVID-19. Conclusions: The results could provide public health policymakers with a more complete picture of the impact of the COVID-19 crisis among older adults. This study highlights the characteristics and factors that encourage/discourage older adults from seeking healthcare services during a virus outbreak, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The Covid-19 epidemic has most affected old people, not those who live at home – but those in old age homes. In Slovenia, as many as four-fifths of those deceased in the epidemic were residents of these institutions. The analysis shows that the essential moment of infection is institutionality, not age, that it is in this sense almost an institutional epidemic. The make-up of total institutions presents a significantly higher risk of transmission of infection – due to increased human concentration and increased frequency of contacts, but also because of the institutional structure and ethos, which objectify residents and deprive residents of the power of action. The deceased residents can be seen as (passive) victims not only of the virus, but also of the institutional nature of the organisation of care (prevailing in Slovenia). This was neglected in the debate so far, the measures introduced did not allow transfer to community care, which would provide residents with the level of safety comparable to the population at large, such services allowing a greater degree of self-isolation and control of contacts. The deceased residents are victims of a delay in deinstitutionalisation and in introduction of a potent, community based long-term care. These are the pressing tasks for the future, if we are to ensure at least safety for old people, and with it a life worth living.
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Demographic aging, which is increasingly becoming a reality in the Republic of North Macedonia, brings challenges for the development of appropriate social services, according to the needs of the elderly, but also the need to acquire and deepen the knowledge of professionals who provide these services. All this is imposed as a need for one purpose and that is to meet the needs of the elderly. The professional development of social protection professionals in the Republic of North Macedonia is part of a comprehensive process that seeks to follow European trends for continuous professional development. However, the fact that the development of social services for the elderly in North Macedonia follows experiences increased dynamics in recent years, and is expected to develop faster with the reformed social protection system from 2019, imposes the need to study the knowledge whereby professionals enter the provision of social services, as well as the need to expand and deepen them. This paper is aimed at studying the knowledge of professionals who provide social services to the elderly, and the results of quantitative research conducted with professionals, indicate the need to strengthen them during vocational education and the process of continuous professional development.
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