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Когато личното е политическо: принуда в името на автономията

Author(s): Ina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The aim of the article is to discuss one conceptual contradiction in the arguments of the disability rights/critique perspective, concerning two crucial issues – selective abortion of fetuses, diagnosed with genetic condition, and assisted suicide. The argumentative scheme, employed by these scholars and activists, deserves close reading since, first, it has the potential to go beyond the disability rights debate and to play a positive role in the process of limiting the right to abortion. Second, because it makes visible one important theoretical problem, concerning autonomy and, particularly, the notion of (non-)voluntary action, which is in the focus of the debates on paternalism, which recently enjoys renewed attention.

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Transitions Online_Society-Our Bodies, Our Wen-Do

Author(s): Hanna Liubakova / Language(s): English Issue: 04/06/2020

With domestic violence rates in Belarus among the highest in Europe and few legal protections, some women are turning to self-defense classes.

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Finansowe aspekty prowadzenia działalności w zakresie zakładów wzajemnych

Author(s): Grzegorz Skowronek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

This study was devoted to the analysis of the conditions for the organization of mutual bets, regulations on the basis of which the activity in this area is carried out and the rules of their taxation with gambling tax. Undoubtedly mutual betting, being a type of gambling must be subject to strict regulations and in some cases restrictions. The reason for these restrictions is the fact that gambling brings threats, in particular, addiction to games. The answer to the danger of addiction is the introduction of a number of barriers and financial restrictions for the activities related to the organization of mutual bets. At the same time, one should be aware that the introduction of regulation of any sphere of economic activity must be in accordance with European Union regulations regarding freedoms, e.g. in the area of the flow of services. Therefore, it is important to analyze the financial aspects related to mutual betting and to assess it from the point of view of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

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The effect of the minimum wage on smoking-related indicators in selected OECD countries

Author(s): Martin Rigelský,Viera Ivanková,Beata Gavurova,Martin Mudrik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Research background: The amount of the minimum wage is, in some sense, an indicator of the economic level of a country. There are considerable differences in this indicator between the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). At the same time, the minimum wage is also an instrument that largely regulates people's behaviour and affects different areas of life. Purpose of the article: The objective of this study is to determine the relations between the minimum wage and individual smoking-related indicators in a sample of selected OECD countries (16 countries). The study answers the question of whether people in countries with lower minimum wages (lower development) smoke more than in countries with higher minimum wages. Methods: Four variables entered into the analytical processing, the minimum wage, daily smokers (age 15+), daily smokers (age 15–24) and tobacco consumption in grams per capita (age 15+). The data were collected between 2011 and 2017. The analysis was carried out in three steps — descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis. Findings & Value added: It has been found that the minimum wage negatively affects smoking and tobacco consumption, i.e. in developed countries, where the minimum wage is higher, people smoke less. Regarding the evaluation of minimum wage and tobacco consumption, countries such as Austria, New Zealand or the United States can be considered positive. On the other hand, opportunities for improvement can be seen in countries such as the Czech Republic, Spain, Estonia and Israel. The study highlights the importance of the effect of the minimum wage on selected smoking-related indicators in selected OECD countries. In all three cases, there was a negative relation; therefore, smoking can be expected to decrease, if the minimum wage is increased.

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Youth Subcultures as a form of Protest to Authoritarian Regime (on the Example of Soviet Ukraine in the 1950s–1980s)

Author(s): Svitlana Soroka / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2019

The reasons for the emergence of a youth subculture in Ukraine in the 1950s are analyzed in the article. The main types of subcultures, their ideology and features of activity are studied. The author shows the evolution of the youth subculture depending on socio-political changes in the country and analyzes the main ways of authority fighting against youth subcultures.

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Testing psychological (GAM) model of aggression on the men’s sample

Author(s): Przemysław Marcin Zdybek,Magdalena Joanna Pysz / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 10/2020

The study was carried out to verify how psychological models are able to explain the phenomenon of aggression among men. There is a lack of research that try to test many factors of aggression in a holistic way. We try to enrich the results of research on male aggression by recognizing to what extent factors that have not been studied so far, such as willpower, temporal orientation, or the use of drugs or steroids, explain aggression in the group of men. The sample of men (N = 131) was selected deliberately in terms of substance dependence, steroid use and being a free from substance. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was used to measure five personality factors. The Zimbardo Time Perception Questionnaire (ZTPI) and the Start and Stop Control Questionnaire were used to measure temporal orientation and willpower, respectively. Correlation and hierarchical regression analysis were used for the statistical analyses. The results confirm the impact of personality, willpower construct and temporal orientation on the male aggression. We did not found that steroid use can be connected with aggression phenomena, but results support the role of addiction. The research, however, has its limitations and the main ones are a small research sample and specific sample selection, which makes generalization of the results difficult.

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Swift and certain probation: Assessing fidelity to the HOPE model

Author(s): Kelly Frailing,Jahdai Kennedy,Rae Taylor,Victoria Rapp / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

While outcomes for HOPE and HOPE-like probation programs have received a good deal of attention in the literature, there is arguably less focus on implementation of those programs with fidelity to the HOPE model. This study describes one such program, the Swift and Certain Probation program in Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, and the degree to which it was implemented with fidelity using the list of elements laid out in the Demonstration Field Experiment (DFE) Final Report. We observed the Swift and Certain Probation program for two years and found that it is implemented with fidelity across many, but not all, of the elements of HOPE. We conclude with lingering issues for both the implementation and evaluation of HOPE and, especially, HOPE-like programs.

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SOCIOLOŠKI, POLITOLOŠKI I SIGURNOSNI OSVRT O TIJELU KAO SREDSTVU ZA IZVRŠENJE TERORISTIČKIH AKATA

Author(s): Jasmin Ahić,Šabani Alisabri / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/2019

Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Suicide terrorism as - “Modus operandi” is undoubtedly the most common, and almost every day, way of committing a terrorist act. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the fact and try to show that the body is a socio-cultural construct and to highlight those aspects of bodies that are fundamentally linked to terrorism as the greatest social problem of today. Methodology / Design: In this paper, the goal is to expose the perception of the mode of operandi of self-destructive terrorism through the use of several different methods of both general and special scientific methods. Analyzes of content, analytical-synthetic methods, methods of abstraction and concretization, method of observation are the most present. Research/work limitations: Is the body as the basis for a suicide terrorist act to investigate, whether suicides of terrorists have special features in their physical behavior, can this behavior be characterized and recognized? Results / Findings: Conclusions and recommendations general conclusion: Suicide terrorism has become the most common form of terrorist manifestation, every effort and attempt to identify factors that point to the possibilities of discovery. Justification of research/work: Knowing the problem of suicidal terrorism and knowing about the forms of its manifestation is the first step in its analysis. The second step in the analysis is inevitably directed towards the critical disclosure of certain mechanisms that seek to condemn the activities of this type of terrorist.

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CANNABIS POLICY REFORM IN GERMANY: CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL DISCOURSES ON DECRIMINALIZATION AND REGULATION STRATEGIES

Author(s): Stefanie KEMME,Kristin PFEFFER,Luise von RODBERTUS / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2018

There is relentless discussion in Germany about the right manner to deal with cannabis and its users. In 1994 and 2004, the Federal Constitutional Court reaffirmed the legal appropriateness of prohibition. However, since then, data about the dangers and effects of cannabis use have quieted alarm, and Europe, alongside the once-prohibitive United States, has had its initial experiences with liberalized use of cannabis. Since the founding of the Schildower Kreis, a network of experts from science and practice, 122 criminal law professors have petitioned the Bundestag for an Enquête Commission. The basis of the Federal Constitutional Court’s decision no longer exists. The Narcotics Act and constitutional discourse on cannabis prohibition need to be reviewed, as do political arguments about wasted resources and high costs, led by empirical examinations from Hamburg University of Applied Police Sciences. This study surveys police officers for their thoughts about drug policy and dealing with cannabis-related offenses. Results show that the attitudes of criminal detectives (contrary to the officers of the security police) have changed since the 1990s and that prohibition is not considered effective. Indications of a paradigm shift in drug policy, as required by the Global Commission on Drug Policy, are appearing in Germany.

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OBILJEŽJA POČINITELJA IMOVINSKOGA KRIMINALITETA U KANTONU SARAJEVO

Author(s): Darko Datzer,Eldan Mujanović,Meliha Štitkovac / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/2017

Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially in Sarajevo Canton, on characteristics of offenders in the field of property crime are rare. There are some research efforts dealing with the extent of property crime, but social and psychological characteristics of offenders are only scarcely investigated. The paper discusses some commonly investigated characteristics of offenders: age at first trouble with the law, family and marital status and relations, school, finances, accommodation, leisure, alcohol and drugs consumption. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The paper aims to describe and discuss characteristics of first time and repeat property offenders, and furthermore, to test the significance of differences. The results could be utilized in treatment design and more appropriate distribution of correctional resources. Methodology/Design: Research is exploratory in nature and deals with characteristics of thirty repeat and thirty first time male offenders, sentenced for property offences in Sarajevo Canton (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Research instrument is modified and adjusted from previous research from abroad. Research/paper limitations: Research is limited by small number of respondents, therefore not representative for Sarajevo Canton, or Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results on correlates of delinquency would be more compelling if larger number of respondents and different research design, such as longitudinal or similar, were utilized. Results/Findings: There are differences between repeat and first time offenders, although not always substantial. The results of the research suggest that recidivist offenders had problems at school, that portion of them had other delinquents in families, that they most likely had delinquent peers, and that they tend to have financial and employment problems.

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Consent and cooperation in the Greek context: Rhetoric and praxis

Author(s): Maria Anagnostaki / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2014

The core alternative measures in Greece have traditionally been implemented without supervision in the community. Since the early 1990s, however, new community measures have been introduced, following European developments and under the pressure of prison overcrowding. This article examines how issues of consent and cooperation in the supervision of offenders have been addressed in practice in relation to four community measures that are currently available in Greece: treatment interventions for substance abuse offenders, the community service order, the suspended sentence with probation and home detention with electronic monitoring. Different types and scales of approaches in relation to consent and cooperation are observed in different stages of the criminal procedure and between different community measures. An explanation of these variations is proposed with reference to the framework of the different ‘visions’ of community sanctions and measures – managerial, punitive, rehabilitative and reparative. Official language – rhetoric – is utilized in this exploration, while possible further action – praxis – is proposed.

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Boekhout van Solinge, T.: Dealing with Drugs in Europe. An investigation of European Drug Control Experiences: France, the Netherlands and Sweden

Author(s): Karen Mills / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2010

Review of: Karen Mills - Boekhout van Solinge, T. (2004) Dealing with Drugs in Europe. An investigation of European Drug Control Experiences: France, the Netherlands and Sweden. The Hague: BJu Legal Publishers.

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Bhui, H.S. (ed): Race and Criminal Justice

Author(s): Keith Davies / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

Review of: Keith Davies - Bhui, H.S. (ed) (2009) Race and Criminal Justice. London: Sage

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Edwards, M. and Gill, P.: Transnational Organised Crime: Perspectives on global security

Author(s): Anna Smorgunova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2009

Review of: Anna Smorgunova - Edwards, M. and Gill, P. (2006) Transnational Organised Crime: Perspectives on global security, London: Routledge.

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Suicide in Romanian Prisons: A 6-Year Retrospective Study by:

Author(s): Mihai-Bogdan Iovu,Ioana Mihaela Morar / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

People in prison have long been recognized as a vulnerable group with a higher risk of suicide compared to general population. Previous studies already concluded that certain individual-level characteristics of inmates (e.g. psychiatric diagnosis and repetitive self-harm) are associated with engagement in suicide behavior while incarcerated. In this study, using the official data from the records of National Administration of Penitentiaries, we have examined trends in prison suicide rates over the period of 2014-19. Additionally, we described the socio-demographic profile, criminological and clinical characteristics, temporal and spatial trends. It is utterly important that all inmates with a higher risk for suicide to be identified when admitted to the detention facility and to have access to continuous mental health services while incarcerated. Also, it is also important that potentially suicidal inmates never be housed alone in a cell, and that the entire staff (administrative, custodial and clinical) be offered adequate training in recognizing and intervening in time in order to prevent suicide.

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“KRIVIČNO PRAVOSUĐE - BORBA PROTIV KRIMINALITETA I PREVENCIJA KRIMINALITETA” - MICHAEL NEWTON

Author(s): Sedin Lakača / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1-2/2016

Review of: Sedin Lakača - “CRIMINAL JUSTICE - CRIME FIGHTING AND CRIME PREVENTION”- MICHAEL NEWTON, 126 str.

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“EKONOMIKA KRIMINALA” - HAROLD WINTER

Author(s): Emir Efendic / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/2015

Review of: Emir Efendić - "The Economics of crime", Harold Winter, ISBN10:O-415-77173-O, Routlege (British library Cataloguing in Publication Data), 2008.

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Пьянство как грех в творчестве Ф. М. Достоевского

Author(s): Evgeniia S. Kuikina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

The article studies the topic of excessive drinking in the works of F. M. Dostoevsky in the light of the tradition of the ancient feast, or symposium. The wine offered at a symposium did not merely incline people to philosophical conversations and discussions about eternal questions, but also revealed the inner human essence, thoughts and intentions. There is ancient understanding of wine as a means of forgetting sorrows and attaining temporary joys. Excessive drinking is associated with the ancient Dionysian idea - excessive drinking at the festival of Dionysus, and the concept of metamorphosis - people lose their human essence and begin to resemble animals. In the fates of the heroes of Dostoevsky’s Poor Folk, Humiliated and Insulted, Notes from Underground, Crime and Punishment, Demons, The Brothers Karamazov, the ancient tradition is combined with the Christian understanding of a feast as reveling, and amusements at a feast, and excessive drinking as a moral transgression. On the pages of Dostoevsky’s magazine Citizen excessive drinking is equated to a serious illness, a flood, a fire, an enemy invasion, that is, to a catastrophe that affects the Russian people. The ancient tradition allows to reveal additional meanings in Dostoevsky’s interpretation of the topic of excessive drinking.

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EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF METACOGNITION AND SOCIAL COGNITION IN ALCOHOL USE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS

Author(s): Sara Hassan Kul,Kuzeymen Balıkçı,Orkun Aydın,Pınar Ünal-Aydın / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Since harmful alcohol consumption among university students still presents a significant problem, our team of researchers has conducted this study to add and contribute to the current research findings regarding this social issue. The study, conducted at universities in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), included 200 students aged 18 to 65. The research used a quasi-experimental design, employing an assessable study technique to evaluate data and generalize findings from the sample of the target population. Furthermore, quantitative research was used to determine the correlation between the variables. The correlation of AUDIT, MAST, R-MET and MCQ-30 subscales was found according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. As predicted by our hypothesis, the investigation of the link between alcohol use, metacognition, and social cognition showed that alcohol drinkers had lower social cognition than non-alcohol ones. Morover, according to the results, alcohol consumption is linked to impairments in social cognition and metacognition.

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Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Emotionality and Aggressivity - Factors That May Influence Irrational Alcohol Consumption and Risky Sexual Behavior

Author(s): Mihaela Lungu,Elena Lucreția Neacșu,Cornelia Rada / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

Objectives. This literature review aimed to reveal the relationship between psychological factors such as anxiety, depression, stress, emotionality and aggression on the one hand, and irrational alcohol consumption and risky sexual activity on the other hand, in students (19-25 years) and adjacent age groups. Material and methods. The study was conducted by analyzing the literature published between 2010 and 2020. The search was conducted in Romanian and English, in 9 international publications, by the following key phrases and terms, separately or in combination: anxiety, depression, stress, emotionality, aggressiveness, alcohol consumption, drinking motives, binge drinking, sexual behavior, risky sex. Results. Applying repeated exclusion criteria, 31 articles remained in the analysis. Among these, risk behaviors were rarely analyzed in connection with psychological factors. Most studies that investigate risky behaviors regarding alcohol consumption and sexual activity, address them according to gender, educational level, age groups. Women were more prone to anxiety and depression, but also to show more psychological aggression compared to men who showed more physical aggression, even in sexual activity. Researches included aggression as a behavioral trait, and emotionality has been used as a variable in studies to validate standardized tools. Irrational alcohol consumption has been significantly associated with risky sexual activity and various forms of aggression. Conclusions. The risk of manifesting and developing depressive and anxiety symptoms is higher in victims of aggression, in people with risky sexual activity, and in consumers of irrational alcohol. In students and young people, stress has high values, contributing to the tendency towards risky behaviors. It is necessary to promote successful coping strategies and mechanisms, both in individual and group level, as well as the development of prevention strategies and therapeutic procedures to improve the listed risk behaviors.

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