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Problemy gimnazjalistów w aspekcie bezpieczeństwa społecznego w szkołach warszawskich.

Author(s): Barbara Antczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2012

This paper presents the results of research on problem (risky) behaviors, concerning not only alcohol consumption by young people or drug abuse, but also violence. As a research technique, the author used questionnaire, which was carried out in four middle schools (gymnasiums) in Warsaw in spring of 2012. The study involved 354 students aged 12-15. The questionnaire varied in form (partially structured) and included questions on lifestyle, attitudes and habits related to psychoactive substances as well as adolescence and domestic violence. While analyzing the conducted research and drawing conclusions, it is necessary to remember that it is based, like most social research, on the results of a declaratory character. It means that it shows the reality through the prism of subjective experiences and beliefs of surveyed students.

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Sensation seeking, drug use, and high contact sports

Author(s): Elizabeth Richardson,Tony Cassidy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Research question: Studies report associations between sensation seeking and risky behaviour, including drug use, suggesting sensation seeking may involve a vulnerability to health compromising behaviour. Findings on sports as a protective factor against drug use are mixed. The present study was designed to examine whether young adults who participate in high contact sports have an increased likelihood to use drugs, and if the likelihood of drug use is mediated by sensation seeking. Research methods: This quantitative, correlational study included analysis of 463 individuals’ (218 in high contact sports and 245 in non-contact sports) responses to online surveys. Results and findings: Results show that high contact sport is associated with recreational drug use, particularly for males. Sensation seeking is only related to drug use for those engaging in high contact sport. Implications: Sensation seeking may not be useful in pr

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A pilot study to see the suitable Unani Kit medicines in the patients of drug-induced insomnia

Author(s): Humaira Bano,Sidra Sidra,Masroor Ali / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Insomnia is a common disorder nowadays in the population with high rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, heart attack and stroke that turned the patients to take medications such as Alpha-blockers, Antidepressants, Corticosteroids, hypolipidemic, Anti-inflammatory, weight-reducing agents, and many more medicines prescribes them by the experts. The study aims to fix a suitable kit of medicines from Mujarrabat or Mamulat Matab (Trended Unani prescriptions) as mentioned in Qrabadeen/Biyadh of the Unani classics. In a view of new disease treatment, an observational study has been conducted to see the efficacy of the selected kit of medicines in the drug induced-insomnia patients. A total of 70 participants were registered in general OPD at the Co-location Research Centre J.J. Hospital Byculla Mumbai, they were categorized into three groups with conduction of question-answer session interpreted according to the ‘insomnia severity index’. All included patients have assigned scores as per the answers. Data were analyzed on the version of patients to see a relationship between the medicated and non-medicated patients and found statistically significant at Analysis of per cent distribution of the patients’ consequences and improvement observed in a lay term (Indian-currency unit) as about 20 paise, 40 paise, 60 paise, 75 paise and 80 paise of a rupee. This paisa has considered the percentage of calculation. 71.43% of patients reported the remarkable effects of the given kit medicines. The study concluded that insomnia is significantly high in medicated patients, and a result of Unani kit medicine is also satisfactory it required a clinical trial with full scientific criteria for clear and significant results.

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ZÜREFADAN BİR ZAT TARAFINDAN KALEME ALINMIŞ OLAN 7 ŞABAN 1260/22 AĞUSTOS 1844 TARİHLİ BİR MÜKEYYİFAT MÜNAZARASI: MUHÂKEME-İ MÜKEYYİFÂT

Author(s): Fatih Ülken / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 81/2024

Disputes in Turkish literature, in which pleasurable substances such as opium, berş cannabis, boza, wine, arak and coffee, in a dispute-based struggle for supremacy, with the claim of being the most popular pleasure or being the sultan of mukeyyifat, are the debates in Turkish literature has an important place in it. In this study, the work named Muhâkeme-i Mükeyyifât, which is among the 84b-102a leaves of a 109-leaf journal, which is registered under the name of "poetry journal" in Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Taksim Atatürk Library, number 1172, is discussed. Written on 7 Şaban 1260/22 August 1844 by a person from the zurefa with the desire to leave a relic containing advices and warnings to future generations, this work is a collection of seven pleasurable substances (opium, berş, cannabis, boza, wine, arak, coffee) in the province of Tahayyulat. It is a debate on meritocracy, describing the fierce struggle and arguments they entered in a pavilion in the field of Isret-âbâd. The coffee, which comes out of this terrible test in which pleasure substances enter, with a white face, sends all the mukeyyifat into exile as the sultan-ı mukeyyifat.

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Sexually assaulted young pregnant girl presenting with self-poisoning; a case report

Author(s): Shoaib Ahmed Kashan,Bakhtawar Urooj,Noor Jehan,Azra Tabbasum,Sanam Muneer,Munazza Laraibe,Nizar Ali / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2018

Self-poisoning with organophosphate (OP) is common in Pakistani society. It leads to severe complications and death if not treated promptly. We report a case of intentional ingestion of methyl parathion poisoning. Patient was a pregnant suicide attempter who was repeatedly raped by her first cousin.

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Robert Schumann’s Drinking Styles. A Perspective onto the “Wine, Women and Song” Years

Author(s): Ioan Florin Diaconu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The several editions of Schumann’s diaries refer us to at least two drinking styles in his university years, both of them with a flavour of “wine, women and song” fraternities. He plunged headlong into all this for a start, finding it elevating and then considering it self-medicating. He drank to excess for a while but he stopped short, unable to go further to the bitter end because he could not develop a tolerance and mostly because he was afraid of madness.

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Reading Psychopathology in the Manner of the Early Christians

Author(s): Ioan C. Teșu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

While referring specifically to Doina Cosman’s exemplary The Orange Man and Other Therapeutic Stories, we have in view cognitive behavioural therapy, with its development of personal coping strategies to treat mental health disorders ranging from mood disorders and schizophrenia, through substance-related disorders and paraphilia, to rape and adultery.

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SOSYOLOJİK VE EKONOMİK DENGELERLE; UYUŞTURUCU MADDE BAĞIMLILIĞI SUÇU (2000-2003)

Author(s): Zeynep Müjde Sakar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 63/2024

Drug addiction, which negatively affects people's mental and physical health and causes disinformation in social life, is a type of addiction that results in deaths due to the continuous use of drugs by individuals. However, it appears as an important factor that disrupts the peace of the society in which it exists. It is a type of crime that negatively affects state security and that the state must fight institutionally. The coming together of criminal organizations along with social corruption and gaining unfair profits through division of labor and hierarchical structuring among themselves causes the increase of illegal criminal organizations and the trust relationship between the State and the citizens is negatively affected. The fact that criminal organizations need high amounts of financial resources to continue their activities causes them to pay attention to their policies to increase drug addiction. Drug addiction is an important source of income for criminal organizations. This study divides the target groups of the crime that tries to damage the bond of trust between the State and the citizen and cause corruption, and evaluates the three-year data of the General Directorate of Security KOM Department between 2000 and 2003 on a province-by-province basis throughout Turkey.

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Злоупотреба с наркотични вещества сред деца в приемен дом

Author(s): Tsvetan Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Substance abuse is common among children without parents. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of substance abuse among children in social care. The receiving municipal home is the one that provides food, shelter, clothing and education to the children, who determine the child protection committees. A descriptive research design was used. In this study, the census method was applied for data collection. At the time of data collection, 25 respondents were taken for the study. The children were interviewed using a questionnaire prepared by the researcher. The results show that the average age of the respondents is 14.2 years. The minimum age of respondents is 6 years and the maximum age is 18 years. 32% of the respondents are 14 years old. 36% of the surveyed children study in the 8th grade and are 15 years old. More than half of the respondents, 60%, had physically assaulted others. 52% of respondents use psychoactive substances as a decision of the week. It can be concluded that children in social care homes use psychoactive substances. Social work intervention can be adopted to prevent, rehabilitate and change their lifestyle and behavior.

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Logoprofilaktyka a prewencja zachowań ryzykownych i uzależnień

Author(s): Roman Solecki,Piotr Szczukiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article aims to present a new concept of risk behavior and addiction prevention, which is logoprophylaxis, as well as to show its place in the context of preventive activities. Logoprophylaxis is derived from Viktor E. Frankl’s concept of logotherapy. Its primary goal is to counteract existential crises resulting from a sense of lack of meaning in life, which in turn leads to such phenomena as addictions or risky behavior. The authors present sources, principles and strategies of logoprophylaxis and the possibilities of their application to the phenomenon of social anomie.

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PROFILAXIA NARCOMANIEI ÎN VÂRSTA PREADOLESCENTĂ

Author(s): Pavel Abraham,Maria Vîrlan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 02/2021

Drug use among adolescents and children is a current medical-pedagogical problem. In the prophylaxis and timely detection of drug users and other substances with narcotic effect among students of pre-university institutions are required to participate all persons involved in the education of children and adolescents: educators, pedagogues, parents, doctors. The detection of students using drugs and other substances with narcotic effect must be carried out through the collaboration of the management of pre-university and university educational institutions with narcological institutions, the offices for adolescents in polyclinics and the police.

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RECIDIVISM CAN SERIOUSLY HARM SOCIETY

Author(s): Liviu TOADER / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Deviance in Romania is an important social problem, a phenomenon that constantly leads to research and studies aimed at analysing both the deviant behaviours of minors, young people and adults, with a view to explaining them, as well as the ways of state intervention in preventing and combating crime. A social problem, such as deviance, can affect social structure and organisation, generating reactions, attitudes, behaviours and opinions such as: What is deviance? Why does it exist? Who is responsible for its appearance? How much does it cost us? What can be done about the reduction of the phenomenon? The notion of deviance can not be understood outside the deviant's interaction with those who judge him. The punishment is becoming an essential function of public authority, for in its absence social cohesion could not be conceived, and public coerciveness is converted in this way into a constituent element of organised society. As a special form of crime, recidivism is one of the most serious social problems facing contemporary societies. Reducing recidivism remains not only an indicator of the effectiveness of structures that have target groups of prisoners or former prisoners, but also an indicator of community health. In order to support the criminally sanctioned persons, with the predilection of those released from prison it is necessary to build an institutional framework to support the former prisoner towards a positive change, from the attitude of 'to be given to me, to me' towards one of active and concrete preparation of a life away from the crime, with the active involvement of the community and institutions with the role of crime control.

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SEXUAL CRIMINAL OFFENCES - DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES THE CRIMINAL CODE IN FORCE AND THE CRIMINAL CODE 1969

Author(s): Mioara Lăcrămioara PARASCHIV / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The state of danger created by the committing of sexual criminal offences and their impact on the victims and on the society in general, the legislative modifications occurred in the last period of time makes it necessary to define the concepts of sexuality, sexual deviance, sexual aggression, the presentation of the types of perversions and of sexual aggressions, as well as of the similarities and differences between the new Criminal Code and of the Criminal Code from 1969. One of the fundamental institutions in the criminal law is the penalty seen as a modality of constraint and a mode through which the re-education of the convicted person, so that this is wanted both for a coercive purpose, as well as for the rehabilitation. Through the enforcement and the execution of the conviction, one has in view the obtaining of the compliance with the norms and conventions of social cohabitation, the correction or the formation of a correct attitude towards the legal order and the values of the society. It is important to define the concept of sexuality in order to understand the evolution of the sexual behaviours labelled as normal or as deviant during the time. The person committing a crime can be rehabilitated and integrated into society of this rehabilitation feature becomes reality from the first moment of the criminal process and a solid re-education action takes place.

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MIGRATION AND DISCRIMINATION

Author(s): Adrian Otovescu,Mihai Enache / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

A recent research report (Pew Research Centre, A Fragile Rebound of EU Image, 2020: 17) shows that discrimination attitudes persist against Roma in France and Spain. “Roma are perceived in negative terms by 41% of the population in Spain and 66% in France”. Also, shows that Roma are among the populations most at risk of exclusion, with additional vulnerabilities when migrating between EU Member States. Sociologically, my analysis points to the difficulties Roma children face in accessing compulsory education without interruptions, which is increasingly emerging as a key issue to be addressed by the authorities, starting with the lack of coordination between schools in the places of origin and destination in providing compulsory education without interruptions for Roma children on the move. As a method I chose the interpretation of information. Starting from the main findings, the attention should be paid to the difficulties of migrant children who have simply migrated with vulnerable parents or out of curiosity or adventure and ended up in problematic situations. Their situation requires further attention based on the existing threats: the illegal nature of trafficking networks, the age of victims, the reluctance of adults to report crimes to the authorities, the difficulties in identifying victims and the sensitive nature of data. Special emphasis should be placed on building the capacity of professionals to address the challenges by implementing projects that gain the support of public authorities to address administrative barriers of Roma children in a comprehensive and sustainable way

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THE INFLUENCE OF THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT ON THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL

Author(s): Veronica DINUȚ / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Today's Romanian society faces many economic and social problems, interconnected in a subtle way, difficult to detect through a superficial approach. The need to know and understand the correlative mechanisms presupposes scientific approaches to coherent research of the phenomena that directly affect us. In this context, of continuous turmoil, economic and moral crises, deviance is a phenomenon that affects the Romanian society both internally, by decreasing the population's trust in institutions, and externally due to the unfavorable image that Romanians have in other countries. of the European Union. Although at first sight there is a tendency to consider that poverty and underdevelopment are causes of juvenile delinquency and delinquency, we consider that the determining factor is that of a crisis of the family institution and lack of education. In this article, we will analyze the mechanisms by which the family, as a social institution and socializing agent, contributes to the social integration of the individual and to the achievement of social control.

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Genetics of gambling disorder and related phenotypes: The potential uses of polygenic and multifactorial risk models to enable early detection and improve clinical outcomes

Author(s): Varun Warrier,Samuel R. Chamberlain,Shane A. Thomas,Henrieta Bowden-Jones / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Gambling Disorder (GD) is an impactful behavioural addiction for which there appear to be underpinning genetic contributors. Twin studies show significant GD heritability results and intergenerational transmission show high rates of transmission. Recent developments in polygenic and multifactorial risk prediction modelling provide promising opportunities to enable early identification and intervention for at risk individuals. People with GD often have significant delays in diagnosis and subsequent help-seeking that can compromise their recovery. In this paper we advocate for more research into the utility of polygenic and multifactorial risk modelling in GD research and treatment programs and rigorous evaluation of its costs and benefits.

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The prevalence of gambling problems in prison populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author(s): Elise Victoria Tørdal,Ståle Pallesen,Dominic Sagoe,Lise Øen Jones,Farha Mahjabeen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Introduction: The overall prevalence of gambling problems across prison populations is currently unknown. The objective of the present study was therefore to quantitatively synthetize prevalence estimates of gambling problems in prison populations using a random effects meta-analytic model and to investigate if the estimates were moderated by time frame, cut-off levels, and sample size. Methods: To be included the studies had to report original data on the prevalence of gambling problems in a prison sample and to be written in a European language, whereas data based on abstracts or qualitative reports were excluded. The search ended on December 1, 2023 and were conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Embase, Google Scholar, Grey Literature Report, and GreyNet. Risk of bias was assessed with a standardized 10-item measure for epidemiological studies. Results: A total of 26 studies comprising 9,491 participants were included. The vast majority of the participants were males. The most commonly used instrument for assessment of gambling problems was the South Oaks Gambling Screen. The pooled random-effects gambling problems prevalence estimate was 30.8% (95% CI 5 25.1–37.3). The meta-regression analysis showed that none of the three moderator variables (criteria, timeframe, sample size) were related to the gambling problems prevalence. Common limitations of the included studies entailed not being representative nationally or for the target population, lack of randomization, and low response rate. The meta-analysis was restricted to studies published in a European language. Conclusions: Overall, the studies show that 1 in 3 prisoners has gambling problems and suggests that more emphasis on relevant prevention and treatment is warranted for this population. The study was funded by the Norwegian Competence Center for Gambling and Gaming Research and pre-registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023390552).

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Driving and mobile phone use: Work addiction predicts hazardous but not excessive mobile phone use in a longitudinal study of young adults

Author(s): Bernadette Kun,Borbála Paksi,Andrea Eisinger,Gyöngyi Kökönyei,Zsolt Demetrovics / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Background and objectives: Work addiction (WA), characterized by dimensions such as overcommitment, difficulties in detachment from work, and work-life imbalance, is presumed to be associated with increased smartphone usage, even during risky activities like driving. The study investigated the connection between WA and future problematic and hazardous smartphone use, considering personality factors: anxiety, rumination, and worry. Methods: A three-wave longitudinal study (N 5 1,866) was conducted from March to July 2019, June to September 2020, and June to November 2021, involving a representative sample of 18-34-year-old residents in Hungary’s capital. The study employed Hungarian versions of the Bergen Work Addiction Scale, Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire, Ruminative Response Scale, Anxiety subscale of the Brief Symptom Inventory 18, and Penn-State Worry Questionnaire. Additionally, author-developed questions on mobile phone use while driving were included. Results: At baseline, those at risk for WA showed more frequent mobile phone use while driving at both time points 2 and 3 compared to the non-risk group. Path analyses revealed rumination, anxiety at time 1, and worry at time 2 as significant mediators between baseline WA and mobile phone use while driving at time 3. However, when analyzing all three mediators together, only anxiety at time 1 and worry at time 2 remained significant. Discussion and conclusion: This study demonstrates that WA predicts future mobile phone use while driving through mediation by anxiety and worry. Our findings add to the growing evidence highlighting the detrimental aspects of WA, emphasizing the need for improved prevention and treatment strategies.

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Problematic smartphone use and academic achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author(s): Adrian Paterna,Manuel Alcaraz-Ibáñez,José Manuel Aguilar-Parra,Carlos SALAVERA,Zsolt Demetrovics,Mark D. Griffiths / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Background and aims: The present study aimed to synthesize existing quantitative evidence on the relationship between problematic smartphone use (PSU) and academic achievement with a focus on quantifying its magnitude and examining its potential moderators. Methods: Eligible studies were searched for up to February 10, 2023 in six different databases (i.e., MEDLINE, Current Contents Connect, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, and Dissertations & Theses Global). Studies were considered eligible if they provided information derived from self-report instruments that allowed statistical calculation of the relationship between PSU and academic achievement. Pooled effect sizes (r) were computed using a random-effects model. Meta-regressions were conducted to test the influence of study-level moderators on the relationship of interest. Influence analyses and a three-parameter selection model (3PSM) were conducted to examine the robustness of the results and publication bias, respectively. Results: A total of 33 effect sizes from 29 studies (n 5 48,490) were retrieved. Results showed a small effect size (r 5 0.110), which tended to be larger in samples consisting of students from elementary and middle schools. Discussion and Conclusions: Findings from the present study contribute to the understanding of a potential determinant of decreased academic achievement by providing evidence that PSU may be one of them.

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Learning and metacognition under volatility in GD: Lower learning rates and distorted coupling between action and confidence

Author(s): Monja Hoven,JUDY LUIGJES,Ruth J. van Holst / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Background and aims: Decisions and learning processes are under metacognitive control, where confidence in one’s actions guides future behaviour. Indeed, studies have shown that being more confident results in less action updating and learning, and vice versa. This coupling between action and confidence can be disrupted, as has been found in individuals with high compulsivity symptoms. Patients with Gambling Disorder (GD) have been shown to exhibit both higher confidence and deficits in learning. Methods: In this study, we tested the hypotheses that patients with GD display increased confidence, reduced action updating and lower learning rates. Additionally, we investigated whether the action-confidence coupling was distorted in patients with GD. To address this, 27 patients with GD and 30 control participants performed a predictive inference task designed to assess action and confidence dynamics during learning under volatility. Action-updating, confidence and their coupling were assessed and computational modeling estimated parameters for learning rates, error sensitivity, and sensitivity to environmental changes. Results: Contrary to our expectations, results revealed no significant group differences in action updating or confidence levels. Nevertheless, GD patients exhibited a weakened coupling between confidence and action, as well as lower learning rates. Discussion and conclusions: This suggests that patients with GD may underutilize confidence when steering future behavioral choices. Ultimately, these findings point to a disruption of metacognitive control in GD, without a general overconfidence bias in neutral, non-incentivized volatile learning contexts.

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