Vladimir Bystrov. Z Prahy do Gulagu aneb Překaželi.
Review of: Vladimir Bystrov. "Z Prahy do Gulagu aneb Překaželi." Prague, Bystrov a synove, 1999.335 p. by: Vladislav Moulis, Zdenek Sladek
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Review of: Vladimir Bystrov. "Z Prahy do Gulagu aneb Překaželi." Prague, Bystrov a synove, 1999.335 p. by: Vladislav Moulis, Zdenek Sladek
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Review of: Vladimir Bystrov "Guide to the evil empire"(The terminological and topographical dictionary of more than 2,100 concentration, corrective labor, special, production, testing and filtration camps, prisoners of war camps, interned and special settlements established in the period from the twenties to sixties of the twentieth century in the Soviet Union, and camps that The Soviet Union organized in 1939-1950 in other countries)], Prague: Academia, 2006, 747 p. by: Lukáš Babka
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This paper deals with framework for analysis the use of sport in the right-wing extremist environment. It analyses the situation in extremist regimes and in subversive movements in various historical periods, mostly in Central European context. As main fields it identifies strengthening of identity of organizations and movements, propaganda of ideas and representatives, infiltration in the civil society and power-structures, preparation of violent activities, cover-activities and attacks against opponents.
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Manje više je poznato da su duhovno-kulturni nosioci, inspiratori i ideolozi političkih programa srpskog velikodržavlja: Srpska akademija nauka i umjetnosti (SANU), Udruženje književnika Srbije (UKS) i Srpska pravoslavna crkva (SPC). O utjecaju i ulozi ovih institucija, kroz raznovrsne programske sadržaje koje su izgradile, na rat protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države od 1992.-1995. godine, te zločine genocida nad Bošnjacima, istina, napisan je zavidan broj radova, ali nisu do kraja, na naučno relevantan način, eksplicirani svi segmenti uloge njihovih programskih sadržaja. Također, nauka je utvrdila da su najznačajniji društveni faktori nacionalnih integracija, ne samo kod južnoslavenskih naroda, već uopće: država, kultura i crkva. Kod razvoja srpskog nacionalnog identiteta to je posebno izraženo. Na tim osnovama su i nastali nacionalno-politički, nacionalno-kulturni i nacionalno-crkveni srpski velikodržavni projekti, ne odvojeno jedan od drugog, već naprotiv, čine jedinstvenu strukturu cjeline velikosrpske nacionalne ideologije i prakse. U dosadašnjim radovima o uzrocima genocida nad Bošnjacima, akcentirani su i dosta eksplicitno analizirani utjecaji nacionalno-političkih velikosrpskih programa. Mnogo manje su naučno obrađeni genocidni sadržaji u nacionalno-kulturnim i nacionalno-crkvenim programima srpskog velikodržavlja. Iz tih razloga ovom prilikom analizirat ćemo neke primjere antiracionalizma, laži, mržnje, u nacionalno-kulturnim i nacionalno-crkvenim velikosrpskim programima i njihov utjecaj na zločin genocida nad Bošnjacima ne samo u ratu protiv bosanskohercegovačkog društva i države 1992.-1995. godine već od početka tzv. nacionalno-oslobodilačkih pokreta na južnoslavenskim prostorima.
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Observably, many African Christians, on church-going days, put on reverend moods and are kind towards one another, both at home and at the Church premises. It is not uncommon that these same Christians are violent the rest of the week, treating members of their families unkindly. This shows how much the church is revered as a holy institution. This is the problem of sacred-secular dichotomy; between the church and worshipping days versus away from the church and non-worshipping days. Therefore, we argue that if the human institution –the family, is understood as God’s own instituted basic unit of the church and therefore holy, peace will prevail among its members. The approach applies the principle of analogia entis to argue that the human family is God’s family in the same manner we speak of the church as the Family of God since both are prefigured in God’s eternal plan. In this research, the anthropological data is gathered by non-probability sampling.
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Peer violence has recently attracted the attention of society and many experts. This topic is taking up more and more space in the mass media, so scientists are dealing with this issue, trying to realistically determine the causes that lead to the appearance of peer violence with the aim of taking preventive and intervention measures. Of the many factors that have been scientifically determined to have an impact on the occurrence of peer violence, the school stands out, which, after the family, is the most important environment for the child. The school as an educational institution with all its specifications represent a complex system that needs to adequately, competently and validly respond to the multitude of tasks, obligations and challenges that are placed before it daily and continuously. Considering the complex function of the school, shortcomings, errors and omissions that occur are an inevitable part of the system, because it is still managed by people, but one should strive to minimize risks and their impact. The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the contribution of some school elements, characteristics and situations that lead to the manifestation of peer violence.
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The main purpose of the article is to investigate the approach of the literature and film of the 1920s to technological progress, in particular, the process of mechanisation and its impact on social and individual life. The analyses of Bertolt Brecht’s poem (700 Intellektuelle beten einen Öltank an) and films of the German Expressionism (Student from Prague, Golem, Metropolis) aim to recapitulate the debates dealing with technological progress and place them within the horizon of the humanities; moreover, they aim to probe their approach to thought, dominated since the 18th century, distinguishing between the concepts of culture and civilization. By applying media theory of human extensions, the article tries to determine their potential of establishing the reality. In the central part of the analysis, the role of intellectuals and artists in the appliance of social life, the machine as a prosthesis and extension of human being, and the machine as a look-alike (Doppelgänger) are discussed.
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Although misdemeanors are offenses that are characterized as less serious compared to crimes or felonies, in the case of juvenile offenders charged with a misdemeanor, a timely and adequate response is also extremely important, and should, by all means, include support and assistance for youngsters. Having in mind the above, the author has devoted the paper to the analysis of the specific position of juveniles under the Law on Misdemeanors of the Republic of Serbia, noting that in certain segments it differs significantly from the position of juvenile offenders charged with a crime. Thus, it seems that the Law on Misdemeanors does not sufficiently respect the educational needs of juveniles who are responsible for misdemeanors. On the other hand, unlike the law that refers to juvenile offenders charged with a crime/felony, the Law on Misdemeanors emphasizes the responsibility of parents and other persons obliged to take care of juveniles. The author analyzes the provisions related to juvenile imprisonment under the Law on Misdemeanors, noting that thirty days, which is the maximum length of imprisonment for juveniles, may not be enough for any sort of educational work. The normative-dogmatic and comparative method has been applied, while the paper has aimed to formulate recommendations for future improvements of legal solutions for juvenile offenders.
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At a time of crisis, which may be caused by a natural disaster (e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic), each social group looks for a ‘scapegoat’ (René Girard's theory). This mechanism is illustrated in the article by the number of deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 treated as a collective victim. The aim of the article was a study of the sources and forms of violence and to identify a scapegoat in the perception of the COVID-19 pandemic based on 24 research of the Eurobarometer: Public opinion monitoring in the time of COVID-19, covering the period from the 20th of March 2020 to the 30th of June 2021. The respondents' opinions on the consequences of a pandemic treated as a manifestation of violence were analyzed in three areas: economic, social and health. Applied were a quantitative analysis of the content of reports, a qualitative analysis of the contents, comparative and analytical descriptive methods.Six detailed research hypotheses were adopted, 3 of which were confirmed. The main hypothesis was also confirmed, but only for the first surge assuming that the number of deaths in individual EU countries, recorded in subsequent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, treated as a collective victim, is proportional to the total number of recorded cases of economic, social and health violence in a given country. The increase in deaths implies an increase in the identified violent acts.
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The paper aims to study the prevalence and prevention of school violence. To examine the prevalence of violence, we reviewed and analyzed research papers that focused on the prevalence of school violence and prevention. The articles which were considered had students of older grades of elementary school as the research sample: the fifth grade the least. The reason for this is that most authors state that school violence is most prevalent in adolescence, but also that it decreases during later adolescence. We also analyzed papers published from 2010 to 2022, which report on research conducted in elementary schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia, in the attempt to study the prevalence of violence in recent times (in our country and neighboring countries). When it comes to the prevention of violence, we considered instruction focused on the prevention of school violence as well as the highlighting of essential aspects for organizing pedagogical and psychological workshops to prevent school violence. The authors suggest organizing continuous teacher training for the prevention of school violence.
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Relevant international institutions estimate that millions of children around the world are victims of sexual abuse and exploitation each year. According to the latest global data, 18% of girls and 7.6% of boys up to the age of 18 are victims of sexual violence worldwide. European and Croatian data are also within the mentioned limits. The first step of a responsible societal response to the problem of child sexual victimization (after the creation of an appropriate legal framework) is the monitoring of the problem at the national level. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine 1. The extent of sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children in Croatia, 2. the judicial practice of punishing the perpetrator, 3. the characteristics of the crime and the perpetrator, and 4. the duration of the proceedings. Data on crimes of sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children were analyzed according to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics in the period from 2013 to 2021. The analysis shows that the perpetrators of these crimes make up a smaller part of the total number of perpetrators and that the most common crime is sexual abuse of a child under the age of 15. Offenders of these crimes are usually sentenced to unconditional prison terms and with duration of 6 to 12 months. One-third of offenders commit crimes in concurrence of criminal offences, a smaller proportion in complicity, and one-fifth of offenders have prior convictions. The perpetrators are mainly men with completed high school education, of Croatian nationality, who are unmarried. The process from application to final judgment usually takes a year or more. The results of the analysis point to further issues that need to be investigated.
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This paper deals with problem of hooliganism, which attracts the attention of not only sports public, but also the largest state authorities. Although the first example of misbehavior at football matches dates back to the late XIX century, the problem escalated during the 1980s. This paper explains the origins of hooliganism primarily in Great Britain, but this specific problem is further enriched with the examples from Italy, Poland and Western Balkan countries. England as the cradle of violence at football grounds has achieved remarkable results in this particular area representing a good example to others who follow her leads with greater or lesser success. For this reason, this paper provides insight into the most important documents adopted in United Kingdom in order to eliminate hooligan outbursts from the stadiums, such as Public Order Act, Football Spectators Act, Football Offenses Act and Football Disorder Act. The paper also deals with issue of racism, which is a result of integration of extreme right-wing groups and football fans. One part of the paper is dedicated to the problem of hooliganism in the Republic of Serbia.
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Human life and bodily integrity, according to a unique understanding, represent the greatest value of modern society, which is protected by international and domestic laws. Despite the development of society, murder and mutual destruction is a negative phenomenon that characterizes the human population regardless of race, gender, age, nation, religion or social order. In order to understand this negative phenomenon that is inherent in people, it is necessary to investigate and view the phenomenon through the prism of various factors, among which the age of the perpetrator is very significant. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to determine the differences in the phenomenology of murders in the Sarajevo Canton with regard to the age of the perpetrators. Final verdicts, ie educational measures, of the Municipal and Cantonal Court in Sarajevo were used against the perpetrators of the crimes of murder, manslaughter and for the aforementioned attempted crimes, within a time period of 2005-2015., as a sample for the realization of this research. The research covered 79 murderers which were legally sanctioned before the aforementioned courts within the observed time period. The data collected by the analysis of court judgments were loaded into the statistical computer program SPSS with the aim of further statistical processing. Due to the lack of necessary data in one of the observed variables, the category "unknown" was formed, which is a limitation of this research.Regardless of the limitation, the results of the research indicated the existence of differences in the phenomenology of murders in the Sarajevo Canton depending on the age of the perpetrators. This primarily refers to the frequency of murders, the form of murders, the sex of the perpetrator, the municipality and the place where the murder was committed. The results obtained by the research will enable a better understanding of certain phenomenological features of the murders in the Sarajevo Canton,which should help the competent institutions in preventing and combating this negative phenomenon, as well as more effective detection of perpetrators. In addition, the research results will enrich the scientific fund and facilitate the interpretation of murder in future research.
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Modern family was created as a result of social changes, which reflected on its functions as well. Family is a unique social group - "organization", that encourages the development of the entire personality, providing conditions for meeting biological, psychological, social and educational needs. Therefore, the specifics of family are: birth, development, communication, emotions, closeness, etc. We cannot choose our family; we rather get it by birth and it remains significant for life. Man is born, lives and ends his life in it. In the family, the relations of parents towards children and children towards parents are important. Having in mind modern living conditions, domestic violence is becoming more frequent and socially significant. Immense changes in social relations, rapid development of science, technology and digitalization, the life style of the youth and adults contribute to this. This accelerates the aggression and violence between the two parents, and even between parents and children. Since family upbringing relies on children identifying themselves with their parents and parents with their children, parents should act as positive role models. It is also important that parents and children participate in joint activities, to honestly discuss individual and family problems, to seek the help of experts (pedagogue, psychologist, doctor, social worker) in a timely manner. Respecting all this, the help and support of the society, that is, the state, educational institutions, recognized experts and practical experts educators should be acknowledged and accepted.
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Security studies began to be discussed in the US public after the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001 and Homeland Security Agency Established to Ensure U.S. Homeland Security. With this situation, many states have accepted that there is a need for internal security organizations. The subject of internal security, which is also sensitively examined in Turkey, was established by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to meet the security needs of Turkey in the 21st century. In this study, the analyzes of various academic publications on internal security and related terrorism in Turkey were criticized positively. In addition, the importance of radicalization in internal security and related intelligence was emphasized.
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The article analyzes the memories of prisoners of war and civilians imprisoned in Nazi Germany Stammlager (Stalag) 331 (Stalag I C (Heydekrug) and Stalag Luft VI camps, the 184 Prisoner of War (POW) Camp of the NKVD and the 2652 Special POW Hospital, the Ministry of the Interior of the Lithuanian SSR (MVD) in Corrective Labour Colony Number 3. Based on the memoirs, the aim is to analyze the narratives formed by the memory (or memoirs) groups of the Macikai camps, summarizing their content and systematizing the plots that dominate them: conditions in prisons, relations with the management of the camps, attempts to escape, etc.
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The article focuses on showing the security threats generated by jihadist extremism in the Sahel region. It describes the challenges resulting from the activity of terrorist groups in this area, particularly the Islamic State of the Great Sahara and Al-Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb. The article places these threats in the context of the determinants of endogenous problems faced by the countries of the region. It draws attention to the symbiotic relationship between extremist trends with organised crime networks. This analysis also outlines and assesses international activities undertaken, particularly with the participation of France, for security and stabilisation.
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The relevance of addressing the issue of the Finnish occupation of Karelia in 1941–1944 is caused by the intensification of discussions between Russian and Finnish historians about the essence of the Finnish occupation regime, its impact on the civilian population of the part of the Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic occupied by the enemy. The main dispute among the historians unfolds over the issue of the Finnish administration’s genocide policy against civilians in Karelia. While admitting the facts of crimes against the civilian population, most Finnish researchers deny the very term “genocide”, believing that the Finnish occupation regime in Karelia differed significantly from the Nazi regime established by Germany in the occupied territories of the Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War. The article highlights other debatable issues between Russian and Finnish researchers: concentration camps and labor camps, the number of deaths in places of detention, facts of collaborationism among the local population, etc. The paper draws on the Russian and Finnish studies of this issue and memoirs. The novelty of the study is that it introduces declassified archival documents from the Russian state and departmental archives.
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Ziņās par vardarbību Latvijas tiešsaistes medijos ik pa laikam parādās dzīvnieki. Lai labāk izprastu, kāda ir dzīvnieku loma šajā kontekstā, tika atlasīti un analizēti 73 raksti un 220 lasītāju komentāri. Vardarbīgu uzvedību bieži vien skata kā pretēju cilvēciskumam, un dzīvnieki, dzīvnieciskums palīdz veidot morāles robežas, vērtības un zināšanas. Metaforas, salīdzinājumi un arī konteksts, kādos dzīvnieki tiek pieminēti, veido nošķīrumu starp cilvēkiem un dzīvniekiem, bet arī starp dažādām cilvēku grupām. Tajā pašā laikā dzīvniekiem un dzīvnieciskumam ir saliedējošā, empātiskā puse, kuru var izmantot nevardarbīgas uzvedības veicināšanā un zināšanu stiprināšanā par vardarbības novēršanu.
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It is more or less known that the spiritual and cultural carriers, inspirers and ideologues of the political programss of the Serbian great state are: the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), the Association of Writers of Serbia (UKS) and the Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC). On the influence and role of these institutions, through the various program contents they built, on the war against the Bosnian society and state in from 1992 to 1995, and the crimes of genocide against Bosniaks, it is true, an enviable number of papers have been written, but not all segments of the role of their program contents have been fully explained in a scientifically relevant way. Also, science has determined that the most important social factors of national integration, not only in South Slavic peoples, but in general are: state, culture and church. This is particularly pronounced in the development of Serbian national identity. National-political, national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical Serbian greatstate projects were created on those bases, not separately from each other, but on the contrary, they form a unique structure of the entire Great Serbian national ideology and practice. In previous works on the causes of the genocide against Bosniaks, the influences of the national-political Great Serbian programs were emphasized and quite explicitly analyzed. The genocidal content in the national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical programs of the Serbian great state has been scientifically treated much less. For these reasons, on this occasion we will analyze some examples of anti-rationalism, lies, hatred, in the national-cultural and national-ecclesiastical programs of Greater Serbia and their influence on the crime of genocide against Bosniaks, not only in the war against the Bosnian society and state from 1992 to 1995, but since the beginning of the so-called national liberation movements in South Slavic areas.
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