Judgement for genocide in Radislav Krstic case
Chief of Staff Deputy Commander of the Drina Corps of the Bosnian Serb Army. Appointed Commander of the Drina Corps on 13 July 1995.
More...We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Chief of Staff Deputy Commander of the Drina Corps of the Bosnian Serb Army. Appointed Commander of the Drina Corps on 13 July 1995.
More...
Most of the media reports and expert statements commenting the wave of terrorism concentrate their semantic on “Islamic terrorism”, especially “Islamic suicide attacks”. Although I am fully aware of the need to use mental shortcuts or generalizations, I would like to find the answer to the question: what explanation of suicide attacks does Islam provide? Islam condemns suicide a priori and suicide attacks bring shame to this religion, which identifies itself as a religion of peace, tolerance and love. At the same time Islam honours martyrs, thus, maybe contemporary terrorists are considered to be martyrs? Or maybe they are only a strategic tool of modern war tactic? What do the scholars of Islam say about it, how do they interpret terrorist attacks? Are their authors Muslim in terms of Koran? Does Koran differentiate between martyrs and terrorists? Suicide bombers do not treat themselves as victims. They treat themselves as martyrs whose deeds should motivate their brothers in faith to take action as well. They consider themselves to be martyrs, but Islam denies their martyrdom. However, religious rules are no longer valid in the face of war, not only the current one.
More...
The biological weapons often is defined as ‘weapons of mass destruction poor’, because this is relatively cheap and easy in the production, hidden and relocation. The risk of the use biological weapons still seems to be very real. A possibility of using weapons of mass destruction (biological weapon) is arousing special danger by contemporary terrorist organizations. In this article in a synthetic, based on the available references and the unpublished information, author present the current level of threat of biological terrorism.
More...
The present work aims to address the relationship between war memory and media culture, along with present political and social issues. Through an analysis of the Italian development and construction of Holocaust memory by means of movies and television, I endevour to show how the subject of war memory has been the result of the interplay of both media logic and political ideology, whose aim vary according to the socio-political needs of the ruling class and of the cultural industry. The disappointing absence in the Italian memory of the Holocaust, of any conscientious attempt to face the historical responsibility of the war, of the racial laws (1938), and of the Shoa itself, reveal how the inclusion of narratives of victimhood, of innocence, and of redemptive Resistance, are not only the result of aesthetic representational choices, but are part of a wider cultural practice which, by all means, is ideological.
More...
Principle of equality in realization of human rights is one of requirements of European Union to the countries, which wanted to become his member. There are 55 religious directions in Ukraine, because providing equal attitude to people, who belongs to different religions, is actually issues. The anti-discrimination law is analysed in this article. There is given the notion "discrimination", which used in Ukrainian law. Facts of religious discrimination in Ukraine are considered. In opinions of experts, religious groups in Ukraine feel discrimination then, when they try to decide some property problems for example, getting land for building of cult buildings or returning of cult buildings. The author of the article thing, that the proved fact of religious discrimination in Ukrainian society are difficult process from such reasons: the most of physical and legal persons, who feel discrimination on the basis of religion, don't apply for court; 2) some persons can't prove, that it is religious discrimination; 3) sometimes the power interferes in process of deciding conflicts between different religious groups and consequently the question is decided in favour of religion, which they support; 4) also the judges don't have proper knowledge’s and experiences for determine facts of religious discrimination.According to Ukrainian legislation state authorities and public organizations defend freedom of religion in Ukraine. The Ministry of Culture of Ukraine and Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and Commissioner of the Supreme Council of Ukraine on Human Rights has most of all functions for prevention and counteraction religious discrimination. The author offers appointed Representative of Commissioner of Supreme Council of Ukraine on Human Rights, who will be counteraction discrimination on the basis of religion. Representative must create program of action for year and give a report to parliament about fulfil the plan.The program should including studies for judges, meeting with international specialists on religious discrimination. Such subjects as Supreme Council of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, other state authorities, local authorities, public organizations, and physical and legal persons have to help The Representative of Commissioner of Supreme Council of Ukraine on Human Rights to make organizational measures for prevention and counteraction religious discrimination. The Representative must create Internet page dedicated to discrimination on the basis on religion. The page should include the following information: 1) international and national legislation about freedom of religion; 2) notion, kinds, forms of religious discrimination (also denote religion discrimination features in each area, for example, in employment, education, health care etc.); 3) documents and practice of European Union to prevent and counteraction discrimination on the basis of religion; 4) anti-discrimination law and his using in Ukraine; 5) statistic of facts religious discrimination in Ukraine 6) ways to protect against religious discrimination, including advices of lawyers, placement of sample documents, list of special institutions, which you can contact in case of need; 7) telephone number of a lawyer of Representative, who has duty to provide advice to persons, who submitted applications for the fact of religious discrimination; 8) list of agencies, institutions, organizations, that have dealing with protect against religious discrimination (name of the person, who is responsible for some questions, phone number, postal and e-mail).Besides state, the right to freedom of religion is provided NGOs, associations, research institutions, which analysing the situation in the sphere of religion and informing society about facts of breaking this right. There are listed the most of these organizations particular All-Ukrainian Council of Churches and Religious Organization. It is representative interfaith advisory organ, which includes 18 Churches and Religious Organizations (1 interchurch and religious organization), which together represent over 95% of the religious network and all major denominations Ukraine.The author considers that representatives of state authorities and public organizations, who prevented and counteracted discrimination on the basis of religion, should create a Commission of experts. Basic duty of Commission should be realization anti-discrimination expertise of current laws, projects of new laws and regulatory acts concerning freedom of religion.So, it is necessary to combine the efforts of all these organizations for providing principle of equality in realization of human rights in sphere in religion. In this way we can provide effective realization Ukrainian legislation concerning prevention and counteraction discrimination on the basis of religion.
More...
This paper aims to question of the relationship between the phenomenon of "Islamic radicalization" supposed to be a breeding ground for terrorism and the concept of territoriality that suggests the occupation of spaces like prisons by the actors suspected to be associated with these phenomena.
More...
The Armenian issue, which is complex and multi-dimensional, is closely intertwined with almost all social sciences, particularly, sociology, history and politics. In the period following the break-up / regression of the Ottoman Empire, groups taking part in ethnic conflicts demanded the formation of a nation-state, re-definition of national identity and determination of the properties of majority/minority relations. In the Turkish-Armenian conflict, the social and cultural heritage, language and religion of Armenians were decisive factors. Armenians, who were one of the multi-ethnic subjects of the Ottoman Empire, continue to fight over and discuss the old and new characteristics of their historic and cultural properties. That the debates on the Armenian issue are centered in the United States and Europe can be explained by the fact that the global political power has shifted to these centers and the current power of the Armenian diaspora is mainly settled there. For this reason, the debate about the events of 1915 in Turkey becomes important in terms of both external and internal social dynamics. In this context, how Armenian issue is defined in the Western world turns into a sociological matter. This study can also be considered as an attempt towards this goal.
More...
On October 15, 2015, Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or "the Court") delivered its judgment in the case of Perinçek v. Switzerland, [1]application no. 27510/08 (“the verdict"). By a majority, 17 judges held that there had been a violation of Article 10 (freedom of expression) of the European Convention on Human Rights, [2] perpetrated by Switzerland. By its criminal conviction of a Turkish politician (Perinçek) for publicly expressing his views on Swiss soil, regarding the "Turkish-Armenian Conflict," Switzerland breached Dr. Perinçek's right to free speech. Dr. Perinçek stated that the relocation policy concerning the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 and massacres suffered by Armenians in 1915 and the following years had not amounted to genocide. The ruling is nothing less than a spectacular legal victory for Dr. Perinçek, Turkey, and Turks around the world, and a game-changer.
More...
The review of: “Non-State Actors and Terrorism: Applying the Law of State Responsibility and the Due Diligence Principle” by Robert P. Barnidge Jr.; The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2008, XVI + 244 pages. ISBN 978-90-6704-259-8
More...
Nasuprot mitsko-istorijskoj pobjedi partizana na kojoj se gradila i svijest o Drugom svjetskom ratu tokom, pa i nakon svejugoslovenskog bratstva i jedinstva, stoji priča o ženi, našoj sugra- đanki, koja upravo iz ovog konteksta govori o stradanjima jevrejskih žena. Frida Filipović poznata uglavnom kao nagrađivana prevoditeljka, novinarka i, sporadično, kao autorka priča skrenula je pažnju na svoj umjetnički rad 2000. godine kad je njen roman Gorke trave priznat kao roman godine. Knjigu je autorka posvetila svojoj majci Gizeli, sestri Sari i njenom maloljetnom sinu koji su stradali u koncologorima tokom 1941/1942. Kako se dopisivala s njima u tim godinama, ona je ispričala i prenijela njihovo iskustvo, koje je dostupno u bazi podataka u Memorijalnom muzeju Holokausta u Washingtonu. I ne samo njihovo, već i svoje lično – kako je preživjela skrivajući se pod lažnim identitetom u Vrnjačkoj banji.
More...
Violence against women is linked to their disadvantaged position in the society. It is rooted in unequal power relationships between men and women in society and is a global problem which is not limited to a specific group of women in society. An adolescent girl’s life is often accustomed to the likelihood of violence, and acts of violence exert additional power over girls because the stigma of violence often attaches more to a girl than to the perpetrator. The experience of violence is distressing at the individual emotional and physical level. The field of research and programmes for adolescent girls has traditionally focused on sexuality, reproductive health, and behaviour, neglecting the broader social issues that underpin adolescent girls’ human rights, overall development, health, and well-being. This paper is an endeavour to address the understated or disguised form of violence which the adolescent girls experience within the social contexts. The parameters exposed under this research had been ignored to a large extent when it comes to studying the dimension of violence under the social domain. Hence, the researchers attempted to explore this camouflaged form of violence and discovered some specific parameters such as: Diminished Self Worth and Esteem, Verbal Abuse, Menstruation Taboo and Social Rigidity, Negligence of Medical and Health Facilities and Complexion- A Prime Parameter for Judging Beauty. The study was conducted in the districts of Haryana (India) where personal interviews were taken from both urban and rural adolescent girls (aged 13 to 19 years) based on a structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the adolescent girls, both in urban as well as rural areas were quite affected with the above mentioned issues. In urban areas, however, due to the higher literacy rate, which resulted in more rational thinking, the magnitude was comparatively smaller, but the difference was still negligible.
More...
The aim of this paper is to determine the ways in which the culture one lives in is conceptualized through the understanding of modern football. The focus is on the overlapping and negotiation of identity politics determined by the local cultural context, while also taking note of the increasing globalization of the sport itself. Special attention will be given to the discourse on safety, it being one of the key narratives about modern football. By following the media narratives on the topic, especially those concerning the murder of the French supporter Brice Taton in Belgrade in 2009, I will attempt to point out the images which dominate the conceptualization of contemporary domestic football, and through this, the period of transition which Serbia is currently going through.
More...
In this work, the author deals with serious political rifts in Bosnia and Herzegovina connected to its post-war constitution, disagreements about the interpretation and celebration of the National Day and the Day of Independence. In this sense, it summarizes in short the historical vertical and legal merits of the referendum and the international recognition of the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, and at the same time it raises the question of the survival of the Serb Republic in the established capacity in Dayton, after reaching the conviction for genocide in 2007. In the end, it brings out the view that in February this year, the Appeal against the verdict of the Hague Tribunal for genocide failed, utterly miserable and humiliating, especially for the Bosniak victims (and then to the state, as well), which is primarily to blame the Bosniak policy in Sarajevo.
More...
The paper discusses about the terrorist actions of Serbian extremists around Gracanica in the spring of 1992, which intensify after the referendum for the independent and sovereign Bosnia and Herzegovina, on 28th February and 1st March 1992, as well as in other cities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The focus of it was the terrorist attack carried out on 7th March, 1992 at a cafe bar in the city center and at the family house of the then Chief of the Public Security Gracanica, Tajib Omerdic, which had been previously marked as a target in certain document of the JNA. These actions, no matter of instilling the fear and uncertainty in the people, encouraged Bosnian patriots in the government to speed up the preparations for the defense by buying time, as shown in the example of Gracanica. In this case, at the proposal of the National Defense Council, the Municipal Assembly of Gracanica makes the decision to perform the mobilization of the reserve police on 8th March, 1992.
More...
This text analyses the arguments for and against shame penalties. A key reason why shame penalties seem unacceptable is their incompatibility with the right to dignity inherent to every human being: whereas guilt focuses only on the act, shame stigmatizes the whole person. The concept of ‘primitive shame’ reveals how the rationales
More...
In the aftermath of the conflict, wave of violence spread through Kosovo and led to the forced displacement of minority communities and to the large-scale destruction of their residential property. No mechanism that would enable compensation of the lost property was ever established. Throughout 2004 and 2005 the owners of the destroyed/damaged property approached the local courts seeking judicial protection of their property rights, which resulted in the submission of a massive number of compensation claims. The paper investigates what has happened with these compensation claims by looking into the group of cases assisted through a EU-funded legal aid project. The main objective of the research was to identify main trends in the way the first, second and third instance courts have dealt with the compensation cases. The results of the analysis show that the trials started in less than 1/3 of the analysed cases and that they were finalized in an even lower number of cases. So far only a small portion of the analysed proceedings has been completed by the final decision, all of which have been unfavourable for the plaintiff. The paper shows that the post-conflict property restitution has not yet taken place in post-1999 Kosovo despite the fact that it is a conditio sine qua non for return of displaced population and as such derived from the provisions of the core international human rights instruments.
More...Одјеци рата и револуције у прози Вирџиније Вулф и Јелене Димитријевић
This comparison of a short story by Virginia Woolf, ”Mrs. Dalloway in Bond Street”, and Letters from Salonica as well as the novel Nove by Jelena Dimitrijević, points to the extent in which the great turmoils such as World War One, or some other wars and revolutions of the time, permeate the works written about the seemingly private and secluded lives of women. The same perspective is used for comparative analysis of the British and the Balkan modernistic representations of masculinity. The paper aims not only at making connections between these two parts of Europe, but also at questioning the range of the notion of modernism, which should, as it is argued, include the women's writings written in or about the Balkans.
More...
Terrorism is a problem that has been shaking the international community for years. Everyone is fully aware of the need for international cooperation in combating terrorism; everyone is aware of the need to adopt an international convention that would be scrupulously observed by all countries in the world. However, it is no secret that this, indispensible, level of cooperation often fall shorts. Why is that so? It seems this question, firstly, has to do with some historical and political processes linked to distant and not so distant past (in particular the period of the last thirty years), and also given the political and economic changes and regional integration and world globalization processes that are also taking place, "rather unfortunately", in this geographic area.
More...
Terrorist financing their activities uses legal (sponsored terrorism) and illegal money (criminal activity). This dichotomy make dilemma about capability of states to use measurement in combat terrorism financing. Most of legal definition connect money laundering with criminal profit, but in case of terrorism financing aim of this activity is no financial then political. Methods of money laundering are identical with cases of financing terrorism. This paper point to significance of creating unique measurements for combat money laundering and terrorism financing in international level which is very important for blocking financial capability of terrorist organizations.
More...
The authors provide an overview of the relations between terrorist atrocities and media coverage of the said atrocities through the analysis of media content present on Croatian Internet portals and national television in the case of terrorist abduction of a Croatian citizen Tomislav Salopek. The study was conducted via a qualitative discursive analysis. The authors focus on both identifying elements and reasons of the media coverage of that case as well as on their impact on the public. Also, the authors try to emphasise the historically important difference in interpretation of the definition of terrorism, especially in today’s context of advanced media technology and the phenomenon of live reporting on the events. For the purpose of understanding the impact terrorist activities have on government policy and especially on the psychological state of the public and the victims’ families, the authors pay particular attention to the ethical and legal standards when reporting on acts of terrorism.
More...