(Micro)evidences: a history of the violent sequence

Author(s): Viorella Manolache / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2016

The present study capitalizes the specific meanings of the handbook term, defining the vague and imprecise (imprinted by ambiguity) frame of violence, in order to assign it a visual dimension (a history). Hence, the attention given to the concept of violence which represents both a resource marked by regularity, predictability, latency or action and an interactional model impregnated by disorder and re-ordering, but equally influenced by exciting signals and by a control / normalization impulse. Establishing a connection based on the equivalence between the handbook allegation found in International Handbook of Violence Research and the spectra of violence from the movie A History of Violence, the present study’s conviction is that violence can be accepted as an extreme episode of disorder, a chaotic sequence or as an imposed precipitation.

Politika i nasilje

Author(s): Fra Tomislav Miloloža / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2014

Ako je vjerovati biblijskoj priči o Kajinu i Abelu, sami počeci ljudskog društva obilježeni su nasiljem. Nasilje je negativna pojava u društvu i obično se veže samo za međuljudske odnose, iako postoje različiti oblici nasilja, od nasilja nad čitavim narodima do nasilja nad samim sobom. Besmisleno je nijekati određeni nasilni element u čovjeku, budući da je povijest prepuna nasilnih primjera, od početka svijeta sve do danas. Ljudsko biće pokazuje klice nasilja ne samo u izvanrednim situacijama, nego i u svakodnevici.

Transdisciplinarna istraživanja u Bosni i Hercegovini na primjeru maloljetničke delinkvencije – iskustva i izazovi

Author(s): Suada Selimović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2017

Over the past few decades, there are evidences that scientific paradigm is changed from disciplinary to transdisciplinary approaches. The question of sustainability science, novel ways for production and coproduction of knowledge and a matter of accomplishment for real world problems represent a big challenge for scientific and academic community. Transdisciplinary team-based research, integration of knowledge from different disciplines and a view into complex societal problems from different perspectives can make a contribution for production of new, practice-oriented knowledge, applied for social problems solution. Going to the transdisciplinary approach is especially valuable in social sciences, where collaborative practice became a necessary normative.In this paper authors, first in the context of theoretical considerations describe possible applications of transdisciplinary research in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as post-conflict, transitional community. The second part of article there is emphasized transdisciplinary approach to the problem of juvenile delinquency in Tuzla Canton through research project: „Influence of different contexts of socialisation on the development of juvenile delinquency in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina – Recommendations for prevention and intervention“ which is realised in four years from 2010 to 2014. Analysing of challenges and problems which this interdisciplinary research team was faced with, authors tried to explain that the way of transdisciplinarity is the way for bridging of different discipline perspectives and through research process finding out solutions applicable in practice. Looking for applicable and practical solutions and maintenance of sustainable strategies for socially relevant and real life problems in post-conflict communities is one of the priorities and challenges for universities, academic communities, government institutions and whole society.

Violence Against Seniors as a Social Concern

Author(s): Dorota Smetanová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Despite the fact that the situation in our society is sufficiently legally treated, the issue of domestic violence at the senior is still only in its infancy. Intervention and prevention would not only avoided tampering with this group of people, but to offer procedures that would help at least reduce the risk. The paper is focused on the issue of violence on seniors as society-wide problem. It defines domestic violence, causes, forms and types of violence. In the end, it offers opportunities for protection and prevention.

Toplumsal Mutabakat Sorunundan Stratejik Düşünce Eksikliğine: Orta Afrika Cumhuriyeti Örneği

Author(s): Cenk Tamer / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

This study examines the impact of a religious identity crisis, institutional collapse and political power struggle advancing over the religious identity taking place in the the Central African Republic on the strategic thinking capacity of the country. Accordingly, the main factor of religious decomposition and conflict occurring between Muslim-Christian in the Central African Republic is political power struggle preceding over religious identities. Distinctiveness crisis taking place in society (social friction) has deeply affected the institutional functioning of the state mechanism. Along with that, the state is acting by being inspired by the values produced by social identity. A possible identity crisis occurring in society restricts or completely destroy the ability to act over the certain identity of the state. In this situation, the state loses its ability to produce accurate analysis and rational policies in the domestic and foreign policies. Due to this situation, it leads towards statics and the lack of strategic thinking in foreign policy. Africa has begun to decompose and clash over the ethnic and religious identities. It is necessary to investigate and analyse the reasons by making references to Africa's colonial past and the West’s identity construction and shaping process over Africans. The Westerners, who can shape the African identity, also can easily capture the African’s ‘state of mind’ which determine the domestic and foreign policy inspiring by society’ identity. Western neo-colonialism understanding has led to a traditional culture in Africa to evolve into conflicting culture. As long as the Western domination continues over Africa, the clashes of religious and ethnic groups are going to continue as well.

INEGALITATEA SOCIALĂ - DREPTUL DE CONFLICT

Author(s): Maria CERNAT,Marcela Monica Stoica / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2016

Social justice is the haunting ideal of the last three centuries. Philosophers, economists, politicians, priests and lay men: they all search a better world, a world where terms like equity, equality and fairness would be social realities not mere ideals. But social justice is a concept so vague that it seems to be able to concentrate all our hopes and dreams of a better world. The XXth century was certainly the century where politicians promised to realize those ideals and bring up the heaven on earth. The ideal society without exploitation, without classes captured their imagination and great political systems were created in order to make the society a more just place to live in. What I am trying to show in this article is the fact that there are still important questions to be asked regarding the Ex-Soviet states and their failure to build a more fair and just society. Was Socialist Romania and egalitarian state? This is the question I am focusing in this article.

Terorismul, ca teorie şi practică

Author(s): Radu-Cristian RIZA / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2009

The term terrorism is a cold one that says quite a lot since the very beginning. But reflecting on this phenomenon in constant evolution, different views and implications can come off . A large scale X-ray shows the angle from which it is seen, depending on multiple factors. Thus, it appears that depending on the route caused by globalization, those who carry out these activities against humanity are reorganizing to be able to achieve so-called "goals".

Dręczenie rówieśników jako strategia osiągania własnych celów w świetle badań nad społeczną dominacją i działaniami przymuszającymi

Author(s): Aleksandra Tłuściak-Deliowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The aim of this paper is to analyze the strategic side of the peer bullying phenomenon. The starting point for considerations is the observation that more and more authors and researchers in this area come to the conclusion that the behaviours of bullies are clearly instrumental and planned. The text justifies the need for shifting emphasis in the overview of the phenomenon by focusing particularly on the issue of social dominance and the function of aggressive behaviours as well as a review of empirical study that provide (direct and indirect) evidence to support these assumptions. At the end, the concept of coercive actions developed by James T. Tedeschi and Richard B. Felson is mentioned, through which instrumental aggression occurring in bullying can be explained.

Post-Genocide Bosnian Muslim Female Identity: Visualizing Motherhood, Violence and Victimhood

Author(s): Jasmina Gavrankapetanović-Redžić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

As Yugoslavia fell apart in the 1990s, the Serbs used violence strategically, to achieve permanent divisions between ethnic categories and to thwart future attempts to rebuild trust and normalize interethnic relations. The goal of the violence was to intensify national and religious differences within socialist Yugoslavia’s highly multicultural society. The violence of the war, and the sexual violence in particular, influenced the identity of Bosnian Muslims. It heightened their sense of endangerment and consequently, their feeling of belonging to a persecuted group. This paper analyzes the visual representations of motherhood, violence and victimhood in four films directed by Jasmila Žbanić. It finds inspiration in Žarana Papić’s critical approach to patriarchy and nationalism and Inger Skjelsbæk’s field work among the survivors of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper’s main goals are to trace the link between patriarchy, nationalism and the memory of gender-directed violence, and to highlight the transformation of Bosnian Muslim identity within the context of history.

Preserving the Postmemory of the Genocide: The Armenian Diaspora’s Institutions in Plovdiv

Author(s): Giustina Selvelli / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This paper intends to shed light on the memory of the Armenian Genocide among the Armenian diaspora in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. I will focus on the patterns of promoting remembrance found in the local Armenian press and literature, on initiatives of the Armenian General Benevolent Union/Parekordzagan (AGBU) to celebrate the ninetieth and hundredth anniversaries of the Genocide, and on analyzing the cityscape of Plovdiv in terms of the monuments, the museum, and the cemetery of its Armenian community. To that end, I will employ information collected during interviews, articles from Plovdiv’s main Armenian newspaper, and data I gathered while visiting the community’s public spaces. I will demonstrate the importance of collective memory and remembrance of the Genocide to the preservation of the internal cohesion of the Armenian community of Plovdiv and its ethnic identity. Taking a socio-anthropological approach, I will argue that the maintenance and promotion of a specific “postmemory” of the Genocide depends heavily on the activities and initiatives of the main diaspora organization, the AGBU, on its selection of specific symbols, and on the emotional content of its communications.

JIHADIST GROUPS ON THE TURKISH - SYRIAN FRONT

Author(s): Ammar El Benni,Cristian Troncota / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The instability in Syria that started in 2011 when the anti-regime uprisings turned into a civil war has initially spread into the region, and then has become a global problem due to the Salafist militant extremists. The terrorist organization known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria declared a global jihad and urged “true” Muslims all over the world for an exodus towards the newly founded Islamic state. Turkey, as a neighbour to the conflict zone, has been facing an increasing risk and threats to its security at many levels. The reason for the risk is essentially caused not only by the geographical proximity to the conflict zone but also by its border neighbours, which include such non-state actors as DAESH, the Kurdish Democratic. Turkey is preparing to launch the main effort of its Operation Olive Branch assault against the Syrian Kurdish People’s Protection Units (YPG) in the Afrin area in northern Syria. Turkish forces and Turkish-backed Syrian opposition groups have set military conditions for a Turkish Armed Forces (TSK) ground operation in the coming days. In this paper we will present the Jihadist groups that act for Turkey's interests as well as for Syria's interests. Knowing these groups will help us understand that terrorism is financed from the outside to create destabilization of the area.

IMMIGRATION, COMMUNICATION BARRIER AND TERRORISM

Author(s): Ioana Raluca Rusu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The article attempts to capture in a unique and original conception elements of the communication barrier that arise between immigrants and the autochthon population. When I refer to communication barriers, I do not refer to verbal communication, but to applied methods and procedures that go into antagonism and could result in the collision between the autochthon cultures and those belonging to the origins of immigrants, generating in this way various negative phenomena such as fundamentalism and extremism. All this confrontation between new habits, which must be assimilated or accepted, and the ancestral customs of immigrants must be directed in such way as to find a generally accepted algorithm that would result in an unconditional symbiosis of the two elements. Also, the communication barrier must be looked into also from the perspective of fundamentalist and extremist manifestations and the desire to integrate into groups that have nothing to do in common with the respect of human rights. The question of the possibility to creating a Caliphate in Europe is also put in the context of analysing the communication barrier as only a person with a rudimentary and limited culture, for whom life is not seen as a desideratum, can admit the return of human society to the conditions of the Early Middle Ages or in times when the tribal leaders were guiding human society.

THE ARCHEOLOGY OF THE CONCEPT OF "MARTYRDOM" IN IRANIAN SHI’ITE KEY

Author(s): Irina Erhan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This article analyzes the concept of "martyrdom" in the Shi'ite Islamic key, originally built on the opposition of the Shi’a partisans to the Sunni political factor, then reinterpreted in the work of cAlī Šarīcatī, the ideologist of the Iranian Islamic Revolution, in a political and ideological key. Thus, by operating the distinction between muğāhid (the warrior capable of the supreme sacrifice in the name of Islam) and the šahīd (a martyr who, through his physical sacrifice, inspires others to fight against the unjust order), cAlī Šarīcatī outlines a new interpretation of martyrdom as a symbol of galvanizing the energies of the people in favor of social justice, and Ḥusayn's martyrdom, the third imam of Imamite Shi'ism, becomes a mobilizer of oppressed Muslim consciousness, a space of self-realization, in the conditions of a hopeless future. However, it should also be noted that this article is based on the research hypothesis that martyrdom in the Iranian Shi'ite was revived with the Islamic Revolution, which succeeded to imprint a new militant soul to the Iranian society and which, in the Iranian-Iraq war, constituted a source of ideological motivation of the Iranian soldiers. Associated with the political protest, Shi'ism brings to the forefront the sacrificial death of Karbalāʼ, which has strong emotional springs and transcends the temporal and spatial boundaries, since any death in the name of justice and truth is transposed into the referential universe at Karbalā’.In the context of the Islamic Revolution, wrapped in a revolutionary coat, martyrdom becomes a pivotal notion of the political rhetoric, through which Shi'ites can build a society of true rationality and religion, dominated by virtue and freed from the exploitation of mustakbarīn-s (oppressors

THE POWERS OF THE NINTH TRACK. AN APPLICATION OF THE MULTITRACK MODEL TO THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT

Author(s): Ariadna Anamaria Petri / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Good leadership, based on cultivating values and a shared identity have proven essential, yet not sufficient in the rise and fall of empires, social movements and religions. In a profoundly diverse contemporary society, the control of social perceptions of the large masses has become the heel of Achilles of current power games as well as the frontline of modern warfare. So how can digital civil engagement and new media be kept in the service of a positive peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, as conceptualized by Johan Galtung, the father of peace studies? Media and communication have been widely used by individuals and groups to advance their political projects. This article applies the model of the ninth track of communication from the multitrack peace negotiations framework of Diamond and McDonald (1996) to provide an interpretation of the usage of media and communication tools in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This allows us to understand the growing importance of new media in the conflict and to indicate how this framing might generate questions for empirical research.

COUNTERING ONLINE RADICALIZATION - LESSONS LEARNED

Author(s): Daniela Stefanescu,Teodoru ŞTEFAN / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

A feature of contemporary conflicts is the increasing number of actors who are willing and able to create both online and offline effects through online activities, and social media are an integrated part thereof. To that end, social media was used by terrorists as recruitment, propaganda, and information tool and the intelligence structures had to find the necessary awareness programs to react to. In this paper we tried to make an analysis of some national awareness strategies (the US, the UK, France, Italy, and Germany ones) in order to set up a guideline of the positive results registered by some countries in this field.

TERRORIST ATTACKS – A CHALLENGE IN CRISIS COMMUNICATION

Author(s): Delia Pop-Flanja / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The aim of this paper is to analyse communication strategies in extreme crisis situations, such as terrorist attacks, in order to identify what are the similarities and differences from this perspective, in the case of several incidents that occurred in Europe in the last years. What is the focus of the messages conveyed by response organisations, government officials or political figures and is there a pattern in the speeches delivered in this context, throughput different European countries? This is the question that we address, taking into account that terrorist attacks have a strong impact and different emotional dynamics.

ROMANIAN DECISION-MAKERS IN SECURITY POLICIES’ PERCEPTION OF THE TERRORIST THREAT: ROMANIA AS A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR DAESH TERRORIST ATTACKS

Author(s): Adrian Lesenciuc,Ammar El Benni / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

This paper aims at analyzing the Romanian decision-makers in security policies’ perception of the Daesh terrorist organization and, particularly, of the potential effects of this organization on the Romanian national territory. In this respect, we designed a transversal qualitative research, conducted through interviews with 31 experts in security policies, 22 of which are Romanian, in order to assess their adequacy of knowledge in relation with the theoretical framework and, respectively, the perception of insiders from Middle East (political decision makers, diplomats, religious leaders, scholars, security specialists, intelligence analysts). The level of this perception assessment in very important because the decision makers in security policies need to know accurately the phenomena subjected to their own policies. Moreover, this knowledge should be neutral, not influenced by ideologies or media agenda setting. It is also very important to note whether security policies decision-makers are influenced or not by the sensationalist nature of packing information about Daesh attacks in classical or old media. In simple terms, this adequate perception of the widespread conflict in the Middle East, the escalation of the conflicts in the area over the last 40 years, the expansion and diversification of the forms in which Jihadist-Salafist terrorist organizations act are important elements in the balanced and correctly assumed position in relation with the national security policies. In a nutshell, Romania’s readiness for terrorist attacks organized by Daesh or other similar organizations depends on the level of awareness of this threat by the Romanian decision-makers in security policies. Implicitly, the evaluation of these decision-makers’ perception is one of the evaluation modalities of Romania’s preparedness in the field of combating terrorist attacks.

Miejsce po dworze

Author(s): Andrzej Brzeziecki,Anna Wylegała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 785/2020

Uwolnić się od inteligenckiej chłopofobii

Author(s): Marta Duch-Dyngosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 785/2020

Trzy światy białoruskiej rewolucji

Author(s): Justyna Prus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 786/2020