"Dashed Hopes and Good Intentions": A Bourdieuian Reading of Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

Author(s): Ebrahim Salimi-Kouchi,Mohsen Rezaeian / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Pierre Bourdieu's investigation into the mechanism of power relations in any given society emphasizes that culture is firmly embedded in social lives of agents. An agent engages in some social competitions, struggling with others and his or her own limits. Applying the metaphor of "game" to social life, Bourdieu believes that people, in order to accumulate more capitals, participate in intense social competitions. Edward Albee's Who's Afraid of Virgina Woolf raises some questions about the nature of power, language, and their intersection. The lives of the characters are not far removed from how they experience power relations in a college campus, a microcosm of American society. Putting into practice Bourdieu's theory of practice, this article analyzes the influence of the accumulation of capitals in the lives of George and Martha, the role of the imaginary child as a part of American dream and its significance to the couple's lives, and ultimately the use and abuse of language in their ways of communication.

"Rabovačky" v závere prvej svetovej vojny a ich ohlas na medzivojnovom Slovensku

Author(s): Miloslav Szabó / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2015

In the last days of the First World War soldiers returning home, along with civilians, attacked representatives of the Hungarian state and wealthy individuals, especially Jews. They expelled them from their homes and looted them, or they simply destroyed their property. In some places regular Hungarian troops executed the leaders of these rioters. This study seeks to offer an alternative to the prevailing interpretation of the looting, which emphasize the social or ethnic motivations of the economically and nationally oppressed Slovak rioters. Instead, it examines the reversal of the perpetrators and victims that was carried out not only immediately after the looting had occurred, but repeatedly throughout the whole interwar period. This is to be seen as an expression of the growing anti-Semitism, because the Jews were ultimately accused of the murder of allegedly innocent Slovaks.

(Micro)evidences: a history of the violent sequence

Author(s): Viorella Manolache / Language(s): English / Issue: 3(13)/2016

The present study capitalizes the specific meanings of the handbook term, defining the vague and imprecise (imprinted by ambiguity) frame of violence, in order to assign it a visual dimension (a history). Hence, the attention given to the concept of violence which represents both a resource marked by regularity, predictability, latency or action and an interactional model impregnated by disorder and re-ordering, but equally influenced by exciting signals and by a control / normalization impulse. Establishing a connection based on the equivalence between the handbook allegation found in International Handbook of Violence Research and the spectra of violence from the movie A History of Violence, the present study’s conviction is that violence can be accepted as an extreme episode of disorder, a chaotic sequence or as an imposed precipitation.

(Ne)etičnost i (ne)legalnost upotrebe dronova u ratu protiv terorizma

Author(s): Ivica Kelam,Darija Rupcic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 73/2016

Powerful increase in the use of drones in fight against terrorism through the tactic of targeted killings, especially after the arrival of President Obama to power, causes increasingly ethical and legal issues. The intention of this paper is to investigate exactly these issues. The basic hypothesis is that the US use of drones in war against terrorism is a major threat to international security, human rights and democracy. Instead of reducing the threat of terrorism, drones uses additionally incites hatred and desire for revenge, since it leaves severe adverse consequences on the lives of civilians. The expected contribution of this paper lies in the demystification of drones activities and questioning the many dangers that the use of drones in the fight against terrorism carries.

15 TEMMUZ DARBE GİRİŞİMİ GECESİ TRT’DE OKUTULAN DARBE BİLDİRİSİ METNİNİN SÖYLEM ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ

Author(s): Yusuf Söylemez / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: Special/2016

During the coup attempt on July 15, the TRT building was occupied and the coup text, which was taught by force of arms, was analyzed and the situation of overlapping with the discourse of the publications of the FETET / PDY terrorist organization on this side from Process of 17-25 December was tried to be revealed. Data were collected by the method of document examination and the obtained data were analyzed by discourse analysis. It is thought that the work will be beneficial in terms of political discourse studies.

A Border Biography: The Image of the Past in Eva Nahir Panić’s Memories as Presented in Dane Ilić’s Eva

Author(s): Katarzyna Taczynska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1(41)/2018

The primary objective of this text is an analysis of Eva Nahir Panić’s biography (she lived from 1918 to 2015) titled Eva, written by Dane Ilić. The protagonist of this story is a Jewish woman born in Čakovec, who married a Serbian officer, survived the Holocaust, went through the camp for the Cominformists, and finally immigrated to Israel. An interpretative category that creates a framework for reading the text is the term “borderline,” which encompasses two meanings here. The first includes borderline situations (such as the Holocaust and the stay in the Sveti Grgur prison camp) which Nahir Panić had to face in her life and which left an indelible mark on her (the burden of her traumatic experience is passed on to the next generation, in Eva’s daughter, Tijana—signifying a postmemory issue). The second pertains to how she functioned in the borders between cultures which directly influenced her fate. With reference to Ewa Domańska’s concept of the rescue history project executed in Poland, I suggest that the life of Eva Nahir Panić, though undoubtedly filled with painful experiences, ought to be considered not in terms of victimization, but of rebirth and affirmation. Nahir Panić’s life story is a highly personalized narrative, which presents her own identity project, and through it the reader discovers the potential of the community. This may also provide a starting point for reflecting on the history of Yugoslavia.

A Brief Introduction in Historical Cycles of Mass Violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Mirza Buljubašic / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2018

This paper describes the history of mass violence such as wars and uprisings in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is based on a historical overview of facts established by independent historical scholars and researchers. There are no attempts contained herewith to either confirm or deny the thesis that peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina is impossible or desire to promote the idea of the space of eternal conflict. To the contrary; this paper has the aim to describe the tragic repetition of history of mass violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although the Old Continent was also veiled by continuous conflicts, making Bosnia and Herzegovina no different from Europe, academic literature fails to provide an overview of mass violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. That is where the importance of this paper lies.

A COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION AND COROLLARIES OF BULLYING AT WORK

Author(s): Tinuke M. Fapohunda,Felicia Omotayo Soares / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Workplace bullying is a phenomenon that affects employee performance and productivity. Its non-illegal status makes it easy to go unnoticed and is becoming an issue for HR managers and other actors in the employment relations. This paper examines workplace bullying to determine its types, features, prevalence in the Nigerian work environment and its effect both on the employees and on the organisation. 200 participants were selected from different departments of a Lagos area office of a federal organisation. Three hypotheses were tested. There was significant relationship between workplace bullying and staff performance. It was also discovered that there was a relationship between gender and the exposure to verbal abuse and there was a relationship between workplace bullying and job satisfaction.

A ĐE JE TO NAŠE? BOŠNJACI-SANDŽAK-BOSNA

Author(s): Ismet Dedeic / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 65-66/2015

Selmanaga Kardović, ratnik s Galipolja, bio je jedan od glavnih junaka mog djetinjstva u Rožajama. On je izrazitim govorničkim darom zarazno privlačio publiku, a posebno pričom o tom Galipolju, bitci nad svim bitkama iz Prvog svjetskog rata. Tada je Turska uspjela da zadrži strateške moreuze Bosfor i Dardanele i porazi ujedinjene snage Britanskog Kraljevstva i Francuske. Pričao bi Selmanaga da su napadači granatama preoravali i zatrpavali linije branilaca, ali bi ovi, kad krene pješadija, uvijek iznova iznicali iz čudesnih podzemnih tvrđava i fanatično išli prsa u prsa, iza čega bi Galipolje ostajalo prekriveno hiljadama, a ponekad i desetinama hiljada mrtvih.

A Dózsa-kép az 1840-es évek magyar irodalmában

Author(s): Márton Szilágyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 04/2014

The study examines the role that the peasant revolt of 1514, generally attached to the name of György Dózsa, played in the collective memory in Hungary in the 1840s. It contests the argument according to which alongside the traditional, conservative approach, which condemned the revolt, there would have emerged a revolutionary view, which already presented the events as examples to follow. It argues, rather, on the basis of several contemporary literary works, that there continued to exist in the 1840s an attitude which extended back to 1514 and was influenced by consequent waves of violence, and which, as a result, regarded the peasant revolt as a shocking example and rejected all forms of collective violence. This, however, was certainly not conservative in terms of ideology or the history of ideas, but reflected simply the norm. It was certainly not the reinterpretation of this conceptual framework which started then, and it is totally mistaken to suppose that the new tones in praise of Dózsa emerged with equal force: the examples which apparently prove this are to be assessed in a different way. What, indeed, can be regarded as a novelty is the sporadic yet total negation of the attitude regarded as the norm (as in the gesture of Sándor Petőfi , the most outstanding poet of the period), or its logical transcending (as the Christian salvational approach in the novel of József Eötvös). None of them amounts to a presentation of the Dózsa peasant war as an affirmative example, however, for both preserve a strong aversion to destructive violence.

A Home on the Range and the (Near) Extinction of the American Bison

Author(s): Tadeusz Rachwal / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2017

Fredreric Jackson Turner’s seminal essay on the significance of frontier in American culture interestingly posits the development of railways as extension of the buffalo trail. The presentation of his ideas in 1893 not only followed the announcement of the closing of the frontier by the superintendent of the U.S. Census (1890), but was also the time of the near-extinction of bison whose number declined from about 600,000,000 at the end of the 18th century to 300 in 1900. In the paper I will try to tone the Indian traders’ transformation of the buffalo trail into a railway with the replacement of buffalo herds by cow droves as well as the popularity the song “Home on the Range” which in a way mythologized the domestic coexistence of people with the roaming buffalo. Drawing from Thoreau’s hypothesis that cows are buffalos within and capable of reasserting their “native rights,” I will look at some examples of the return of the buffalo in the 20th and 21st centuries as, however simulated, attempts at a return to homes on the range, and at living on the frontier, even if the frontier has been relocated to the vicinity of the Fermilab bosons where a small buffalo herd is maintained.

A modern political education. Nonviolent perspectives

Author(s): Claudia SECCI / Language(s): English / Issue: 3(13)/2016

The article deals with a nonviolent perspective of political education and with some theories that may conjugate these two domains: Nonviolent Culture and Political Education. Methodologically an approach rooted in the theoretical and bibliographical research has been privileged. The discourse investigates the causes of the actual political disaffection, and follows the purpose to highlight the irrevocable role of a structured nonviolent perspective (like Gandhi’s one), in the rehabilitation of politics. Nonviolence does not remove Marxist elements of legitimation in their entirety – as Gramsci’s theory will highlight – provided that they correspond the “conquest of violence” that needs to succeed first and foremost in the “intimate” individual’s awareness. Moreover, the importance of contemporary ecological theories, which embed the nonviolent perspective in a general epistemological view, will be also discussed to reaffirm the crucial significance of the latter. Through this path, different authors, hailing from diverse backgrounds, such as philosophical, pedagogical and anthropological studies, show meaningful affinities and matching points, presenting, in some case, political education in terms of education and training of the “political emotions”. The reflection highlights the relevance of an expanded political participation and experimentation through praxis, as ways of an actual political education, in the belief that emphasizing the pedagogic dimension of political activity, means nothing less than searching for its deepest fundament.

A német nemzetiségi és faji politika Magyarországon a II. világháború idején

Author(s): Tibor Dömötörfi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 01/2016

The chief aim of the foreign minority policies of nazi Germany was to secure the acknowledgement of „völkisch” German minorities as an officially organised ethnic group (Volksgruppe) with autonomy rights. But during World War II the integrative ethnic policy with regard to the Germans was gradually pushed to the background by an exclusion policy which the nazi regime applied to the „inferior” peoples and races, and took the form of prosecution and extermination on the basis of ethnicity and religion. Despite the discriminative „Jewish Laws” (1938, 1939), the Hungarian Jewry lived relatively undisturbed under the regime of governor Miklós Horthy. Dramatic change came in this regard with the German occupation of the country (19 March 1944). Then started the stigmatization, ghettoization and deportation of the Jews – predominantly to Auschwitz-Birkenau. The exact number of martyrs is still hotly debated. According to the most authoritative scholarly opinions, the number of deported Jewish victims can be put to between 440 and 550 thousand. Yet in political parlance and public history the round and symbolic figure of 600 thousand has become rooted. Another debated issue is whether the prosecution by the nazis of the Sintis and Roma was done on racial grounds, or they were treated as so-called anti-social elements. The number of Gypsies deported to extermination camps from Hungary can be put to a couple of thousand. From the late 1930s the claim of instrumentalizing the German minorities in the service of the aggressive foreign political aims of the Third Reich became increasingly evident. In Hungary this role was assumed by the so-called Volksbund (People’s Association of Germans in Hungary). From the start of World War II, a new element in the policies of nazi Germany towards the foreign Germans appeared, which can be termed as the idea of „return” to the Empire („Heim ins Reich”). In order to accomplish the re-settlement plans, the Germans concluded interstate treaties with almost all countries in Europe where German minorities lived. (The agreement with Hungary was signed on 29 May 1940, but it was never put into effect.) In the eastern regions occupied during the war an overt and brutal Germanizing policy was implemented, based on the Generalplan Ost, which had been elaborated in offices of the SS specially assigned to this task. In the foreign policies of the Federal Republic of Germany, especially under the aegis of the Brandtian Ostpolitik, considerable emphasis was put on relations with the states belonging to the former German settlement area, such as Hungary, and on strengthening the bridge-function of those German minorities which had remained there after refuge and deportation in the war.

A RECONSIDERATION OF FOUCAULT’S “MARXISM” IN RELATION TO THE THOUGHT OF LOUIS ALTHUSSER

Author(s): DEB J. HILL / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

The purpose of this paper is to supplement existing studies that have explored Foucault’s “Marxist” inclinations by means of a focused consideration of the thought of the person who challenged Foucault with an entirely different version of Marxism – his friend and mentor, Louis Althusser. My argument here is that “Marxism” has been treated largely as a singular category within the literature, meaning that an understanding of the points of difference and agreement Foucault had with competing versions of Marxism has been conveniently ignored. As I maintain within this paper, one cannot fully understand the nature of Foucault’s relationship with “the Marxist tradition” – and his comments about various aspects of this tradition – without understanding Althusser’s own “rereading” of what could be regarded as dubious versions of Marxism. As I further contend, Foucault’s recalcitrant attitude towards traditional orthodoxies of scholarship and method owes much to Althusser’s articulation of Marx’s anti-humanist, anti-historical, and anti-Hegelian revolution in thought and practice.

A RESEARCH ON PRESENTATION OF VIOLENCE IN SOCIAL MEDIA: OPINIONS OF FACEBOOK USERS

Author(s): Gülsüm Çalisir / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Element of violence which was seen almost every day in all media but in no way could be prevented is reflecting a bitter side of life. Today that we called age of information, technology rapidly improved, and thanks to this there found solutions for a lot of matters, we are unfortunately are living violence more heavy day by day. Consequently, elements of violence lived are taking part in television and computer screens, and magazine and newspaper pages. Although it is an unapproved and unwanted matter of fact, violence’s existing in life is keeping this phenomenon fresh in media’s agenda.

A Rose by Any other Name is Still a Rose…or Is It? On Gender Roles in Contemporary Japan

Author(s): Magdalena Ciubancan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Although it is a rather recent research area, the study of gender as a social and cultural construct has enjoyed wide popularity, but it has been generally understood as the study of the condition of women and the changes that it has been subjected to throughout the time. However, in recent years we have witnessed a change in the way in which men’s roles are constructed, shifting from the masculine image of a powerful man to that of a rather feminine male. Starting from the Japanese journalist Maki Fukasawa’s terms of “herbivorous men” and “carnivorous women”, the present paper analyses the way in which this gender shift is illustrated by the top buzzwords that are selected each year by the Jiyuu Kokuminsha Publishing House and presents a number of theories that might explain the reasons behind this process. Furthermore, we find evidence to support the adoption by Japanese men of a new image, distinct from that of their fathers and grandfathers, and we identified certain commercial items that have been traditionally addressed to women but which are now increasingly used by men.

A struggle in the peripheries: a few remarks on devolution in the UK

Author(s): Lukasz Sorokowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2014

The paper looks at the major issues underlying devolution in the United Kingdom, i.e. a process whereby the historically diverse areas and regions constituting the seemingly uniform state have been slowly striving for independence, along with the formation of local, regional and even national identities. Hinging on the idea of ‘multicultural citizenship’, the paper seeks to analyse the ongoing public discourse centered on the gradual transfer of centralized London-based power to local and regional bodies across the UK. This discourse forms the pivotal background of devolution, overtly pointing to the idea of the so-called ‘new opening’ of the entire British political scene, clearly promoting the notion of strengthening the position of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and English regions as increasingly autonomous geographical and cultural areas as part of a weakening monolith by the name of the United Kingdom. Resting almost entirely on historic tensions between British identity and Scottish identity, it is made clear that the Scottish public debate has basically neglected the issues of the assimilation of its cultural minori¬ties with the ‘post-devolution’ reality. The devolution discourse stems from the rancorous debates and polemics which have taken place throughout the three hundred years of the Scottish and English Union, covering several social and political contexts, including the growing demands voiced by the SNP. Indeed, it has a major impact on the formation of Scots’ national distinctiveness alongside Scotland’s gradual emergence as a separate part of the British Isles.

A War of Shames

Author(s): Przemyslaw Czaplinski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

This article presents the changing role of shame in Polish literature from the late 1980s until today. Its development is marked by three phases: 1) in the first decade literature exposes violence towards minorities – the founding shame of a pluralistic society; 2) in the following decade literature and drama deconstruct the role of shame as neoliberalism takes hold; 3) in the third decade literature shows collective subjects shaped through independent definitions of shame and pride.

ABD İSTİHBARATINDA YAŞANAN DEĞİŞİMLER

Author(s): Sait Yilmaz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 13/2012

Dünyada istihbaratın güvenlik, dış politika, savunma, özel şirketler ve teknoloji ile dansı her gün yeni örnekler ile başımızı döndürüyor. Geçtiğimiz döneme Wikileaks, El Kaide lideri Bin Ladin’in öldürülmesi damgasını vururken, Arap Baharı adı verilen Orta Doğu ayaklanmaları ile savunma-sosyal medya-istihbarat işbirlikleri bir kez daha öne çıkıyor. Siber alanda her gün yeni bir teknolojik gelişme ile karşılaşıyoruz. 11 Eylül 2001’den beri Batılı istihbarat servisleri büyük bir değişim geçirmekte, yeni güvenlik ortamına adapte olabilmek için teknolojiyi önlerine katarak yarışmaktadırlar. Görüntü ve sinyal istihbaratı için uzayda yapılan yarışa, ekonomik istihbarat alanındaki yarış eklendi. Son 50 yıldır istihbarat alanındaki reform girişimleri sadece teşkilat düzenlemeleri ile istihbarat örgütlerinin bir yere varamayacağını göstermiştir. İstihbarat reformları sadece prosedürel değişim değil, yeni durumlara kendini adapte edebilecek şekilde kültürel değişimi de gerektirmektedir. Bu makalede önce istihbarat alanında reform çalışmalarına daha sonra CIA’dan başlayarak, Amerikan istihbarat sisteminde son dönemde yapılan çalışmalara yer vereceğiz.

ABUSE AND MALTREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN ROMANIA. ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVES

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Author(s): Alois Ghergut / Language(s): English / Issue: XIX/2015

The problem of abuse of children with disabilities is a serious issue, but is still not largely recognized by service agencies. Prevention and abuse awareness programs need to include information about the heightened risk of abuse of children with disabilities, and the onset of a permanent disability as a consequence of abuse. In many cases researchers have had difficulty estimating rates of maltreatment among children with disabilities. One reason is that many countries do not collect the same data about maltreated children in the same ways. Another reason is that researchers identify disabilities among maltreated children in different ways. Child maltreatment, also known as abuse and neglect, affects all types of children, but children with disabilities may be at even greater risk of being maltreated than children without disabilities.