"Rabovačky" v závere prvej svetovej vojny a ich ohlas na medzivojnovom Slovensku

Author(s): Miloslav Szabó / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

In the last days of the First World War soldiers returning home, along with civilians, attacked representatives of the Hungarian state and wealthy individuals, especially Jews. They expelled them from their homes and looted them, or they simply destroyed their property. In some places regular Hungarian troops executed the leaders of these rioters. This study seeks to offer an alternative to the prevailing interpretation of the looting, which emphasize the social or ethnic motivations of the economically and nationally oppressed Slovak rioters. Instead, it examines the reversal of the perpetrators and victims that was carried out not only immediately after the looting had occurred, but repeatedly throughout the whole interwar period. This is to be seen as an expression of the growing anti-Semitism, because the Jews were ultimately accused of the murder of allegedly innocent Slovaks.

"Rasa drapieżców" w cyberświecie

Wstęp do analizy zjawiska

Author(s): Urszula Jarecka,Paweł Fortuna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2021

This essay considers how technologically based cultural transformations impact the shaping of individual and collective identities, including “digital identities.” The extension of the human cognitive system by means of the Internet and digital artefacts has produced the potential to shape multidimensional and dynamic identities (e.g., in the form of “communities” created ad hoc on the web), as well as artificial-intelligence “identity” processes accompanying commercial applications. In the context of these processes, the author discusses how the attitudes of “predatory” Internet users are formed, the problems of the victims of such activities, and the potential threats in relation to the development of AI. The author uses an interdisciplinary theoretical approach (sociology, psychology, research on AI) to analyse these phenomena. The research material consists of the content of media messages (including films and documentary series, Internet journalism on online behaviour and texts popularising AI, and content posted on social media).

19. Yüzyılda Ereğli'deki Bir İsyan Üzerinden Osmanlı Taşrasında Sosyal Düzeni Çözümleme Denemesi

Author(s): Sinan Yakay / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 10/2006

Although the state-ayans (tax farming magnates) relationship in the Ottoman social history has been solved, it is not well defined how the ayan-public relations were. We hear from the people from their complaints about the former. Recent studies show that people might have gathered around different groups of benefit, and entered various relations in this context. Aim of this essay is to contribute to analyzing people-ayan relations in terms of different groups of benefit via the regulation of tax farming on March 9th, 1841, in Bendereğli, known today as Karadeniz Ereğli, and the uprising against Mustafa Ağa, then tax farmer of Safranbolu.

28 Eylül 1986 Milletvekilliği Ara Seçimleri Sürecinde Bir Siyasal Propaganda Projesi: Büyük Anadolu Partisi (BANAP/BAP)

Author(s): Kaan Gaytancıoğlu,İpek Elif Atayman / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

For Motherland Party (ANAP) which is elected in the first General Election after the military coup d’etat in September 12, 1980, Mid-term Parlamentary Elections in September 28, 1986 considered as a confidence vote. The establishment of like-minded parties with different names and the abondoned politicians vaguely support these parties had led to ANAP to interfere in electoral laws. By this way, in order to decrease the influence of parties that may be its competitors, The ANAP has legislated an adjustment allowing parties that do not have the requisite qualifications to participate in the elections. But the opposition especially True Path Party (DYP) has developed its own strategy against this maneuver of the governing party with the temporary and established parties that DYP will support to their establishment, aimed to access additional propaganda capabilities in the Radio and Television Supreme Council of Turkey. One of these parties, Great Anatolian Party, has indirectly served to the aimes of the DYP by frequently criticizing Özal and his party in the propaganda process. Thus, ANAP has not achieved the expected results from this intervention of the democracy.

A BAR KOCHBA-FELKELÉS - A KUTATÁS FÉL-ÉVSZÁZADÁNAK EREDMÉNYEI ÉS KIHÍVÁSAI

Author(s): Tibor Grüll / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2008

According to a commonplace in scholarly literature it is unachievable to write the history of the Bar Kochba revolt. This paper does not attempt the impossible, it merely attempts to take into account the way in which our evidences, that came to light in the last half-century, repaint the traditional picture of the insurrection. The first five chapters discuss the antecedents of the revolt, i.e., the short and long-term consequences of the churban; the uprising under Trajan (the so-called “war of Quietus”); the administrative, economic and military situation of Judaea from 70 to 132 C.E., mainly on the basis of the Babatha-archive. The immediate cause of the Bar Kochba revolt is still debated, as both the foundation of Colonia Aelia Capitolina (ch. 5), and the ban on circumcision, introduced by Hadrian’s legislation (ch. 6), can be taken into account. It is not clear, however, whether these oppressive measures were taken before or after 132; in other words, whether they were causes or consequences of the war. The following chapter is dedicated to Bar Kochba’s messianic pretensions, which, among other things, can be verified with the strong halachic orientation of the papyri produced by the administration of the revolt (ch. 8). Ch. 9 examines the character and magnitude of the Roman military participation in the Bar Kochba revolt, as these are illuminated by the extant epigraphic material. The last chapter deals with the Jewish guerilla tactics and bases: the rebels’ hiding complexes that from the 1990’s have been explored in the territory of Judaea.

A Case Study on Viral Journalism in Greece: The Figures, the Trends and the Factors of Success

Author(s): Eleni-Revekka Staiou,Andreas Giannakoulopoulos / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2018

In the era of social media, the concept of viral is a hub. But then, from the field of advertising and marketing, it is the turn of journalism to be affected by it. In recent years, websites such as buzzfeed and boredpanda have grown steadily and have reached a state in which -, according to statistics, they gather millions of users daily. The main characteristic of these websites is the fact that they are largely based on the viral journalism phenomenon, that is, they include small and light stories that have all the features of a viral content. The aim of these stories is to be shared by the users as much as possible on social networks and the web at large. Also, a second important feature of these websites is that they invite their readers to "upload" their own interesting content, thus giving them the opportunity to become journalists in some way and their content to become viral as well, exploding at the same time the user generated content (UGC) phenomenon. The aim of this article is to study the phenomenon of viral journalism in Greece, centered on the Mikropragmata (http://mikropragmata.lifo.gr), a column of the free press Lifo that has become so large that it has acquired its own micro-site and corresponding channels in social media. By studying the content of the website, we will try to understand what kinds of articles are posted and which appear to be more successful to the public. How do readers react? Are there any similar examples in Greece? In order to answer these questions, an online survey will be carried out. Quantitative and qualitative data will be gathered on the website under study and other relevant examples from Greece and abroad, as well.

A New Culture of Truth? On the Transformation of Political Epistemologies since the 1960s in Central, Eastern, and South-Eastern Europe

Author(s): Friedrich Cain,Dietlind Hüchtker,Bernhard Kleeberg,Jan Surman / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2019

A New Phase of Dissemination of South Korean Visual Media in North Korea in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Oppositional Subculture Among Youth Between Crackdown and Irreversibility

Author(s): Jung Ran Park / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2022

The viewing of South Korean-produced visual media, whose dissemination in North Korea continues since the 1990s, appears to be irreversible, even in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, North Korean youth, called either the generation of Jangmadang or Yellow Wave, have gone beyond possessors who enjoy South Korean visual media on their own, and have become prime movers of sharing and selling it through black markets. In the series of flows, the North Korean regime is setting its sights on them. In other words, from the end of last year, the North Korean regime has enacted laws targeting the spread of South Korean visual medias and reorganized the Workers’ Party of North Korea, and crackdown, surveillance and punishment based on these have been implemented more intensely. In addition, there have been widely shared anti-Korean Wave propaganda videos in North Korea, and speeches, wherein the leader Kim Jong-un named Korean Wave a “malignant cancer” in a very unusual way. Furthermore, the North Korean regime has made a series of strongpoints to halt the penetration of the Korean Wave, or capitalist ideology, in their view, by doubly taking advantage of blocking movement between regions inside North Korea, as well as along the border with neighbouring China since last year to cut off the spread of COVID-19. This study examines the trends of the spread of the Korean Wave, focussing on youth in North Korea in the era of the pandemic. To that end, this study analyses the last two years of anti-Korean-Wave laws in North Korea, propaganda videos, Kim Jong-un’s discourses, South Korean and international publications, and interview video clips with North Korean settlers in South Korea. In doing so, this study sheds light on the recent phase of oppositional subcultures against the regime during the pandemic. In conclusion, this study discusses the reversibility and irreversibility of the South Korean Wave as a subculture of youth, passing through the crackdown measures during the pandemic.

A New Populist Divide? Correspondences of Supply and Demand in the 2015 Polish Parliamentary Elections

Author(s): Ben Stanley / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2019

This paper uses a new set of questions to analyse the impact of populist attitudes on party preferences and voting behaviour in the 2015 Polish parliamentary elections. At these elections, voters faced a choice between two broad blocs: parties that accepted the “liberal-orthodox” model of post-communist politics, and those that rejected this model and the political elites associated with its implementation. I find that there is a coherent set of populist attitudes among the Polish electorate, and that it correlates with economic and cultural attitudes in ways consistent with the supply-side divide between liberal and anti-liberal parties. Analysis of the individual and combined impact of these attitudes on voting behaviour reveals that populism plays a significant role both in structuring the sentiments of voters towards particular kinds of political parties and in determining how they cast their vote.

A Phenomenographic Study of Adolescents’ Conceptions of Health Information Appraisal as a Critical Component of Adolescent Health Literacy

Author(s): Inese Stars,Zanda Rubene / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2020

This paper reports on a health literacy study that explored adolescents’ conceptualizations of health information appraisal as a social practice in Latvia. The study was guided by phenomenography, a qualitative research approach used to describe people’s conceptions of a particular phenomenon. A purposive, maximum variation sampling was used, and 24 adolescents were recruited to take part in the study, ranging from 13 to 16 year-olds. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken for data collection. A phenomenographic method for data analysis was performed using the guidelines proved by Sandberg. The data analysis presented seven categories of description and an outcome space representing the adolescents’ qualitatively different conceptions of health information appraisal. The implications for health education in school are discussed.

A Political Agenda of Sports?

Author(s): Irina-Ana Drobot / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2017

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the most recent running marathons in Bucharest to see whether they are part of a political agenda or not, and if yes, what are the reasons for this. Is this a way of allowing people to bond together, and to take part in charity? Is this part of the way media imposes its agenda on people, or vice-versa? Is it a way of political elites to control the masses and make them take part in welfare activities? The paper will take into account the hypothesis of sports and welfare holding communities together.

A shining city on a hill. What if anything can American values teach a free Belarus?

Author(s): Geroge Blecher / Language(s): English Issue: 06 (44)/2020

I’m writing this essay several weeks before the American presidential election and I am told that it will only appear in print some days afterwards – when most likely there will not be a solid verdict about the winner, or even if there is one, it will only serve as the cue for hordes of lawyers to start fighting in the courts. Unlike a lot of political observers, I think that, in the long run, the outcome of the 2020 election is not as important as the fact that for the last four years a bright light has been shone in the dark corners of American politics and the problems revealed cannot be easily remedied. If nothing else, Donald Trump’s term in office has been a grotesque test of the durability of the American system; and what we have learned, if we didn’t know it already, is that there are long-standing weaknesses in the American Constitution as well as troubling aspects of our national history and characterological flaws in the American psyche.

ABD VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEKLERİ İLE SİYASAL ALANDA ÖTEKİLİK

Author(s): Taylan Maral / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 14/2012

It is commonly known that the institution of politics uses every kind of concepts, rules and systems, for its own sake for governing society. While doing this, it especially uses mass media. The term of “otherness” individual discrimination to social discrimination can be analyzed in different form. The politicians using the ethnic origins sometimes directly or generally indirectly use the discrimination concepts against portion of the groups that they target. With the presidential nomination of Barack Hussain Obama the White&Black discrimination has arised at The State which is commonly known as the land of freedoms. But in our country a different case is observed on the attitude of Party of Peace and Democracy. The difference for this case is known for refusing to be part of unity as cultural richness but acting in accordance with the separatist terrorist activity. In this study the definition and functions of otherness in Turkey and the States will be analyzed on the cases of politicians.

Abuse of Power: Coordinated Online Harassment of Finnish Government Ministers

Author(s): Kristina Van Sant,Rolf Fredheim,Gundars Bergmanis-Korats / Language(s): English

This report is an explorative analysis of abusive messages targeting Finnish ministers on the social media platform Twitter. The purpose of this study is to understand the scope of politically motivated abusive language on Finnish Twitter, and to determine if, and to what extent, it is perpetrated by inauthentic accounts. To this end, we developed a mixed methodology, combining AI-driven quantitative visualisations of the networks delivering messages of abuse with a qualitative analysis of the messages in order to understand the themes and triggers of abusive activity. We collected Twitter data between 12 March and 27 July 2020, a period spanning the state of emergency declared in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This report is informed by the findings of three recent Finnish studies, one of which investigated the extent and effects of online hate speech against politicians while the other two studied the use of bots to influence political discourse during the 2019 Finnish parliamentary elections.

Actants of manipulative communication

Author(s): Ştefan Vlăduţescu / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2014

The study starts from assumption that together with disinfomation, intoxication, and propaganda, the manipulation is a form of persuasion, a form of persuasive communication. The manipulation is a communicative action. By the way of meta-analytical method, we emphasize some ideas. The royal way of promoting the decisive interests is manipulation-, often accompanied by constraints and violence. The world is divided into amateur manipulators and professional manipulators. Professionals are those whose job is exactly to get something from the others. The action of manipulation is not an activity performed on inspiration, randomly and by ear. Manipulation is a structured, organised and planned persuasive intervention. As actants of manipulative communication are retained journalists, priests, businessmen, sellers, scholars, teachers, artists, writers, notabilities.

Adapting political communication to technology. Case study: evolutionary aspects on social networks in Romania

Author(s): Mihaela Bărbieru / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

In recent years, studies on social networks have begun to become more and more numerous in the literature, with scientists showing a real interest in an influential analysis that they have on societies. Social networks are tools through which political candidates have the opportunity to distribute their political message during election campaigns, as well as outside them, to a growing audience. A very strong connection has been made between technology and communication, outside of which we, as individuals, can no longer exist, the virtual space managing to exploit communication in all its aspects. Online political communication, an easily accessible form of manifestation that attracts disinterested political groups, offers the possibility of avoiding information bottlenecks for citizens by changing content in real time, with low information costs, which means a real advantage for politicians.The importance of social networks in political communication is even greater as its role is the main channel of communication and occupies a special place in election campaign strategies. The present study aimes to analyze the phenomenon of social networks in terms of the benefits it offers to politics, through an online political communication with content transmitted in real time, without time limit and with low costs.

Also These Voices. Technology and Gender in the Practice of Fanvidding

Author(s): Joanna Kucharska / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2013

The article aims to discuss and analyze the practice of fanvidding – a type of audiovisual fanwork juxtaposing footage of a source or sources with external audio, in order to reframe the original material and express a new meaning. In order to discuss the practice, the article looks at the fandom theories of cultural economy, struggle for control over messages, and the tactics of textual poaching introduced by Fiske, de Certeau and Jenkins. It also provides context for reading the practice through the lens of gender theory, pointing out the gender divide and contextualization of specific fannish practices according to the gender of their authors. The critical and analytical strategies of fanvidders are examined historically within the Star Trek fandom (where fanvidding has originated and ourished) and analyzed on examples from both the history of vidding and its modern incarnations. This is achieved by close reading of the most significant examples of vidding in terms of fandom history and the changes in the vidding practice, in terms of technology employed by the vidders, and in term of the gender perspectives.

Amnezja historyczna

Author(s): Anna Frątczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2008

An Ad Hoc Nation. An Analysis of Moldovan Election Campaign Clips

Author(s): Julien Danero Iglesias / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2015

Since independence, nationalism has been at the front of politics in the Republic of Moldova in the context of a persisting political struggle about the very definition of the Moldovan nation. Looking at campaign video clips produced in 2009 by Moldovan political parties and using a methodology inspired by Critical Discourse Analysis, the article gives a better understanding of nationalism in Moldova nowadays. The article demonstrates that the focus of political parties on the nation is purely symbolic. They adapt their discourse to the context in which they evolve (audience of the videos and targeted voters). Pursuing the objective of gaining or holding on to power, parties construct an ad hoc nation whose content they fill with the needs of the moment, using mirroring arguments to win the elections over competing parties seen as enemies of an endangered country.

An Introduction to Information Laundering in the Nordic-Baltic Region

Author(s): Belén Carrasco Rodríguez / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In an increasingly dynamic digital information environment, online communication patterns are constantly shifting, and hostile information influence activities are continuously adapting to spread influence faster and reach wider audiences. The use of Information Laundering techniques by Kremlin and pro-Kremlin actors is an outcome of this trend. Information Laundering (IL) has emerged as a security challenge in a context where global audiences are becoming highly reliant on online sources to obtain the information that will shape their opinions about current socio-political issues.