"La Langue de Bois" et "Le Politiquement Correct" dans le Discours Public Roumain

Author(s): Sorina Şerbănescu / Language(s): French / Issue: 16/2017

Le discours public roumain d’après la Révolution de '89 a gardé des anciennes habitudes langagières communistes dont "la langue de bois". D’autre côté, il a emprunté, comme une conséquence de la synchronisation trop rapide à la modernité, des clichés langagiers qui continuent les tendances agressives et autoritaires héritées du totalitarisme communiste. Notre analyse imbrique la sémantique du discours, la sémiotique, la pragmatique linguistique et la psycholinguistique, se concentrant sur des corpus tirés des discours publics des dernières dix années.

"Matter as effete mind": Peirce's synechistic ideas on the semiotic threshold

Author(s): Lucia Santaella / Language(s): / Issue: 1/2001

Following Peirce's broad concept of semiosis as a foundation of a field of study, the semiotics of physical nature, it is argued that we have to explore the interconnections of Peirce's semiotics with metaphysics. These interconnections will be analyzed in five steps: (1) Peirce's radical antidualism and evolutionism, implied in his synechistic ideas, (2) Peirce's semiotic statement that "all this universe is perfused with signs if it is not composed exclusively of signs" (CP 5.448, n.1), (3) Peirce's bold statement that "matter is effete mind, inveterate habits becoming physical laws" (CP 6.24), (4) his theory of final causation, which can only be properly understood in the light of semiosis, (5) his metaphysics and his methodeutics in relation to semiotics. The laws of nature are discovered by abductive inference revealing an affinity between the human mind and the designs of nature. Hence, the formal laws of thought are not simply laws of our minds but laws of the intelligibility of things.

"Stalin - see on Lenin täna". Juhikultuse deiktiline analüüs

Author(s): Andreas Ventsel / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 3/2006

The cult of the leader was one of the main characteristics of Soviet culture — it marked its strict hierarchical structure, and more importantly, the head of that structure. In this article the author hopes to elucidate the mechanisms of the cult of leadership from the point of view of language theory. In the first chapter the author focuses on the development of cultural origins of the cult of leadership in Russia. The second chapter, based on the theory of deictics of Émile Benveniste, concentrates on the notion which characterized the cult of leadership of Stalin era — “Stalin, this is Lenin today”. The author claims that the notion “Stalin, this is Lenin today” was in Stalin era equivalent to the notion “Lenin, this is Stalin today” for only Stalin’s act of utterance created the time of the utterance. And the time of Stalin’s utterance determined the conditions of the situation of the utterance — the canonized way that prescribed to “Soviet people” how to view and interpret Lenin. But the totality of Stalin’s “I” makes it very plausible to suggest that in fact there was only one cult of leadership at hand — that of Stalin’s. Accordingly, Stalin’s “I” made it possible to maintain the ideological view of the society as a coherent system of meaning.

A strawberry, an animal cry and a human subject: Where existential semiotics, biosemiotics and relational metaphysics seem to meet one another

Author(s): Katarzyna Machtyl / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The article discusses some semiotic approaches to the relation between nature and culture. Starting with outlining the structuralistic approach to this issue, especially the ideas of Juri Lotman and Algirdas Julien Greimas, the author finds parallels between different views on the relation between the natural world and human beings. First, the juxtaposition of Eero Tarasti’s existential semiotics with selected concepts of biosemiotics is discussed. The following part of the paper is dedicated to Bruno Latour’s ideas on nature–culture relation, hybrids and mediations. Then the author refers to Lotman’s notion of the semiosphere as the common space for all living and inanimate elements. Closing the paper with a return to biosemiotics, the author comes back to Tarasti’s ideas and compares these with some ideas in biosemiotics, paying special attention to the concepts of unpredictability, choice and dynamics. The comparison shows that some intuitions, assumptions and theses of these different scholars turn out to be surprisingly convergent. The author believes that the outlined parallels between Tarasti’s view, Latour’s and Lotman’s concepts, and biosemiotics may be promising for further research, inviting detailed study.

ANADISS

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Romania

The academic journal ANADISS is a biannual publication which comes out at Suceava University Press. On the initiative of the members of the "Discourse Analysis" Research Centre founded in 2005 within the Faculty of Letters and Communication Sciences from "Stefan cel Mare" University, Suceava, the articles and their abstracts are written in French, English, German, Spanish or Italian.

One of the fundamental components of the human existence's dimension is the linguistic one. Language defines the human presence as intensely as the human becoming stabilizes and affirms the language. In the contemporary world, this equilibrium is often fragile.

The present publication proposes the presentation of such contributions, which can sustain the aggrandizement and the establishment of the human-language relation. To this end, our journal's preoccupations gravitate around themes such as: political discourse, text and discursiveness, discourse and didacticism, inter-text - inter-discourse, discourse and society, linguistic imaginary and language dynamics, production and capture of specialty discourses, discursive perspectives and various cultural contexts, knowledge and discourse: discursive and non-discursive practices, inter-text and inter-speech, discourse and society, linguistic imaginary and language dynamics, discourse and identity. We illustrate through these the Saussurian principal according to which "la langue n'est faite qu'en vue du discours", without ignoring its materialization within the text.

Journal Policy: ANADISS is an international journal that accepts for publication reviewed original papers, short communications, reviews and conference proceedings on a broad range of topics of interest for Discourse Analysis, particularly, for Linguistics in general. There are no article processing charges (APC) or article submission charge.

Author's Ownership and Rights: The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright and to retain publishing rights on their materials.

Open Access Policy: ANADISS Journal offers „open access” to published literature. ANADISS Journal assures has free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. ANADISS Journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Open access enables authors to reach a much broader audience, which has the potential to increase the impact of their research. The ANADISS issues are available online for free, without any charge to download or print each article.

Cartographies of the mind: Generalization and relevance in cognitive landscapes

Author(s): Sergio Rodríguez Gómez / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The problem of relevance, at individual agent scale – or how we decide what is adequate for our interpretation of the signs we encounter in the world – is a question that keeps reappearing in semiotics and other disciplines concerned with meaning. In this article I propose an approximation on relevance that conceives meaning as a trajectory across a cognitive landscape. Unlike conventional accounts on relevance, which presuppose mental processes built on feature-based representations, my proposal suggests conceiving cognition as a fluid and emergent field of attractors basins that become specified and modified when experiences appear, and conceiving meaning as a trajectory across the cognitive field. Consequently, I suggest that when cognitive landscapes better fit world experience, agents’ categorizations will be more relevant. My proposal is mainly supported by two approaches: the enactivist notion of structural coupling and the theories of dynamic neural populations of Walter Freeman III.

Creating the Authorial Self in Academic Texts: Evidence From the Expert’s Style of Writing

Author(s): Tatiana Szczygłowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This paper reports on an analysis of stance expressions in a 439,490-word corpus of Ken Hyland’s academic prose, encompassing 64 single-authored texts from journals, edited collections and his own monographs. Using WordSmith Tools 6.0, the study aims to find out how this expert academic writer creates his authorial self through stance mechanisms. The results reveal that Hyland’s authorial participation in his discourse is mostly manifested through hedges, somewhat less definitely through boosters, but relatively infrequently by attitude markers and self-mention. The choice of the specific stance devices indicates a preference for detached objectivity when formulating empirically verifiable propositions and a shift towards subjectivity when referring to discourse acts and research methodology. These findings contribute to our understanding of stance-taking expertise in applied linguistics and may thus assist novice writers in the field in a more effective management of their own performance of self inacademic prose.

Dezvoltarea abilităţilor de comunicare printr-un program de intervenţie bazat pe LSR (Limba Semnelor Române) şi simboluri grafice

Author(s): Ioana Tufar / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this study is to create and to assess the efficiency of an intervention program based on Sign language and graphic symbols. The research had a comparative design pre-post-follow-up intervention. The participants to the program were deafblind/MSI students and the data proved there were significant differences between the pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up stage at the sign language level and at the graphic symbols acquired by the students.

Dezvoltarea competenţelor de lectură la elevii din ciclul primar

Author(s): Oana Preda / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 2/2019

This study is an analysis of specific linguistic competences and proposes the pedagogical intervention for vocabulary developing and for lecture competences. The optimisation of lecture competences and learning abilities can be achieved by using the assessment of linguistic competences and functional and multiple literacy, using of interactive strategy and mediated learning experience. The didactics approaches of literacy and the personalised linguistic training programmes, if systematically applied, lead to a significant improvement in pupils’ school performance.

Dezvoltarea competențelor socio-afective ale adolescenților cu dizabilități de auz în contextul provocărilor determinate de mediul de comunicare

Author(s): Ioana Letiția Șerban,Sonia Antonela Lupu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 2/2019

This article presents a study of quality of life for hearing impaired and deaf adolescents and emphasizes theimpact of the type of communication that they employ on different aspects of their cognitive, linguistic andsocial development. In the first part, the paper presents the theoretical framework, as well as a literaturereview of previous studies regarding quality of life for hearing impaired and deaf youth. The second partpresents the study, describing the instrument used, the method and the results. The findings of thisinvestigation reveal that hearing impaired and deaf students that learn in a boarding school setting in thespecial education system are more inclined to use sign language and to interact with their hearing impairedand deaf peers, and less willing to engage in activities with hearing people that involve verbal communication,thus diminishing their linguistic and social development

Discursive Practices as Sign Constructs of Communicative Consciousness

Author(s): Igor Korolyov / Language(s): English / Issue: 102/2020

The article offers the definition of discursive practice as a sign construct of the cognitive-semiotic, discursive-pragmatic and linguacultural levels, realised in the corresponding discursive situations, within which a semiotic configuration of elements of both one discursive practice and their combination occurs. In a cognitive-semiotic perspective, a discursive space is formed by the symbiosis of discursive practices as signs of a person’s communicative consciousness, i.e. a representative of a particular national-cultural community. In this aspect, the discourse is associated with the consciousness, knowledge and perceptions of the language personality, which are formed in the process of socialisation and become the basis of the cultural array, broadcast from generation to generation within a certain ethnic group. Thus, sign constructs of communicative consciousness are formed as concrete semiotic units embodied in discursive practices.

ENANTİOSEMİ BİR DİL ve KONUŞMA OLAYI GİBİ

Author(s): Sevinç Muharremova / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 45/2020

Enantiosemy is one of the most interesting, original and scantily explored issues of Turkology and semasiology in general. The special interest in enantiosemy is caused by some objective factors. Some scientific linguistic works address the issue of enentiosemy. They reveal the reasons that cause this language phenomenon, trace the general regularities of its development. Enantiosemy is a universal and multidimensional language and speech phenomenon. The features of its realization at the systemic levels and communication process of the language system can be seen in the different languages, including the Azerbaijani language. The article contains the review of the scientists’ views on the term “enantiosemy”, polarization of meanings on the different language levels. In our opinion it is necessary to clarify and explain the term “enantiosemy” more precisely. It is noted that sometimes enantiosemy is identified with antiphrasis. Actually, antiphrasis originated from the Greek word that means “opposite word.” Antiphrasis is a figurative speech in which a phrase or word is employed in a way that is opposite to its literal meaning, in order to create an ironic or comic effect. In our view, being a multifaceted phenomenon enantiosemy includes not only homonyms but also polysemy and antonomy, i.e. it is connected with them to varying degrees. Enantiosemy is means that impedes redundancy of forms in the vocabulary; it is one of the main conditions of the normal development and use of the language. The article deals with the detailed comparative research of this widespread language and speech phenomenon on the materials of the different-system languages; the special attention is given to the state of this phenomenon in the vocabulary and semantic system of the modern Turkic languages.

Everything seems so settled here: The conceivability of post-Peircean biosemiotics

Author(s): Claudio Julio Rodríguez Higuera / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

Theory change is a slow, tortuous process. Problems associated with how we communicate ideas and how these ideas are received by our peers become catalysts for change in how we ourselves perceive and sanction what the discipline is capable of doing. Some parts of semiotics, and particularly biosemiotics, have come under critical scrutiny because of their heavy commitment to Peircean philosophy, but at the same time, the contributions of Peircean philosophy are almost impossible to discount. The ripples of this situation are quite visible in the emergence of code biology as a post-semiotic research programme. Yet there is a general balance between those who do not put that much stock in Peircean concepts and those who cannot conceive semiotics without these. This paper will ask whether a biosemiotics after Peirce is possible at all in the sense of acknowledging Peirce’s contributions to the field while also taking to heart the criticisms raised by those skeptical of the implications of Peircean semiotics. While the answer is most likely positive, it depends on what background our concept of meaning relies on and how it may bleed into the other areas of semiotics that biosemiotics may claim a stake on. Being able to discuss potential theoretical distinctions across semiotics while also allowing communication between the areas caught in this differentiation will be crucial for the health of the discipline as the gap between theories becomes more profound.

EXTERNALIZING INPUTS WITH OSTENSION SCHEMES

Author(s): TOM WERNER / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2020

In this paper, I explore theoretical foundations for an instrument I have developed for the monolingual elicitation of natural language and for its ostension, allowing me to approach core issues in linguistic and the philosophy of language in practical and concrete terms (Werner and Olesova, 2015; Werner, 2017). Monolingual elicitation of natural language, as well as its ostension, necessarily couples linguistic utterances with information flow, given the arbitrariness of the linguistic sign. The instrument I have been developing for these purposes, the ostension scheme, couples sentences from a target language with information flow along multiple channels. Ostension schemes are matrices, with each row (introduced by a picture) representing a channel of information and each column (headed by an elicited sentence) representing information shared across channels. Each column therefore externalizes the input for the sentence which heads it. Linguistic meaning is what connects forms within the sentence with information in the input, rendering the basic sentence as the unit of information in language. Because ostension schemes externalize the input of an utterance, the meaning of the utterance can be recovered. Similar sentences can be compared, helping to identify individual parts and their meaning. The account of interaction between information and linguistic meaning generalizes to an explanation of veridical sentences and fictitious ones. These sentence varieties will be argued to have similar inputs, the difference in status coming down to the value assigned to a source variable in the input. The source variable is constrained by the linguistic forms. If that variable has an actual value, the sentence is rendered true or false. If the value is virtual, the sentence is merely fictitious. With no value for the source variable at all, the sentence appears under mention. Sentences elicited for ostension schemes are a special case of sentences under mention, made especially transparent given their placement within the scheme. In this way, the practical issues of monolingual elicitation and ostension of natural language offer new perspectives on certain longstanding foundational issues.

Fairy tales between transformation and repetition: How audiences rethink the big romantic myth through Disney princess stories

Author(s): Tatjana Menise / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

One of the ways in which culture becomes enriched is through reconsideration and reinterpretation of well-known stories, and classic fairy tales provide promising material for investigation of the nature of this complex process. The Walt Disney Company is among the most powerful tellers of classic tales, its line of princess animations being an example of simultaneous development and preservation of the fairy-tale phenomenon in a changing cultural context. We analyse the dialogue among classic and modern princess stories and the discussions that these stories give rise to in English-language academic criticism and English-based participatory culture. We focus on the interaction among authors, texts and readers, showing how traditional tales balance between mythological and non-mythological consciousness, between innovative and canonical art. The diversity of fans’ practices may be seen as a key to possible explanation of why fairy tales exist in culture as a complex, constantly growing web, not as a limited number of selected final versions. Amateur authors demonstrate their interest in the mythopoetics of classic fairy tale plots. They are attracted by the old romantic myth that stands behind princess stories, participate in the creation of the romantic anti-myth that is supported by the professional critics, and expect the appearance of new modern myths that might be generated by the new productions of Disney. New fairy tales appear, but this does not result in the disappearance of the old ones. Not only the interests towards the plots themselves, but also discussions and conflict around classic stories keep them topical for contemporary heterogeneous audiences.

FORMA KAO ZNAČENJE U DJELU KENNETHA BURKEA

Author(s): Dunja Jutronjić-Tihomirović / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 282-283/1982

Što je to forma i kako je analizirati, pitanje je koje sebi postavljaju i lingvisti i kritičari.

General sociolinguistics, social semiotics and semiotics of culture – ex pluribus unum? Forty years after Language as Social Semiotic

Author(s): Suren Zolyan / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2019

The birth of social semiotics is usually associated with the publication of Michael Halliday’s book Language as Social Semiotic (1978). We try to draw attention to possible new developments in social semiotics, which still remain a potential transdisciplinary project for social sciences. In order to do this, we address the interrelation between sociolinguistics, social semiotics and the semiotics of culture. All of these describe mechanisms of meaning production and translation beyond linguistic structures. The differentiation between these workings is based on a distinction between various aspects of meaning production and communication and functional characteristics of goal setting. The complexity of these processes legitimates the complexity of methodology used to describe them. Interconnection between different domains and aspects may create synthetic methods based on the dynamic approach to meaning production and transmission.

Grupiportree kunstiline struktuur ja Velázqueze sacra conversazione “Las Meninas”

Author(s): Linnar Priimägi / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 6/2009

There are 3 degrees of likeness in portraiture: (F1) the type (the exponent of a social group — Arturo Martini’s “Sitting boy”), (F2) the character (the exponent of a psychological group — Guido Reni’s “Ecce homo”), (F3) the individuality (the unique person with a proper name — Velázquez’s “Innocent X”). There are 4 degrees of homogeneity of the internal space in the work of art, created by 5 kinds of activity: (H0) individual activities in separate spaces [ill. 1], (H1) parallel activities (human ornament [2, 3]), (H2) distantly combined activities creating loci (event areas) and marked compositions [4–6], (H3) common activities of participants in an integrative atmospheric and compositional locus [7, 13], (H4) joint activities as the mutual situational physical dependence. The group portrait in the European painting developed through spacial association of singular type and character portraits of Christian saints (H1 → H2). The sacra conversazione was the first completed form of it. It is a spacial assemblage of certain religious characters united by some collective parallel psychological activity (Latin conversari means ‘to deal with somebody’) and with vague loci boundaries (H1/H2). The best known example of it is the San Zaccaria altar piece by Giovanni Bellini [ill. 11]. The later development of sacra conversazione resulted in more and more homogeneous pictorial space [12, 13] and — because of the aesthetical antagonism between the portraiture and the grouping — ended in the retreat of individual portrait [F3 → (F2/F1)] in the genre painting [14]. Velázquez’s painting “Las Meninas” highlights the border between the collective loneliness of a sacra conversazione group (H1/H2) and its distantly combined activities in a concrete genre interior, a shared pictorial space (H3) with blurred loci borders in it. The depicted persons also tend to be more characterized than individualized. Thus, the artistic structure of “Las Meninas” could be described as: H3 {[(H1/H2) <> H2] + [F3 > (F2/F1)]}. It is impossible to analyze “Las Meninas” as a genre painting because it is not. It is a splendid example of sacra conversazione in the post-renaissance European art.

ICON AND REPRESENTATION IN VISUAL COMMUNICATION

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Author(s): Cristina Gelan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Signs and symbols are basic elements in the visual communication process. Through them, multiple and inexhaustible possibilities of meaning are transmitted. Thus, what we recognize as being in accordance with nature, what we have learned to accept as natural is found under the sign of iconicity. In the process of creating icons, the real plays a secondary role. Essential are the various traditions of pre-existing representation, which interpose between real and sign and which act as mediating cognitive schemes, provided by the community in which we have integrated. The identification of visual signs is based on the emotional impact of the visual structures used, and the creation of a visual identity involves the production of a symbolism that is based on the mechanisms of perceptual psychology and produces an emotional association between the art consumer and the creator of meanings. Interaction between those who propose a visual concept and those who receive information in the form of a visual sign only occurs when cultural, social and ideological compatibility exists. For the very association between perception and emotion is based on patterns. We are talking about cultural recognition codes that represent a guarantor of our compliance with the world and they play an essential role in our cultural representations.

Image in Thought Encoding and Explication Processes

Author(s): Olena Snytko / Language(s): English / Issue: 102/2020

The paper explores the image as a form of psychic reflection of reality in thought encoding, objectivation, and perception processes. The image is an element of the universal object code, the basis of thinking, and the underlying structure of language units. Psycholinguistic experiments prove that the semantics of language units can be reduced to a sensory image. In its actual being, the image correlative of the language sign can be compressed to a minimum, which definitely does not exclude its decompression. Apart from individual images, in the linguistic consciousness of a language community, there exist the so-called stereotypical images, serving as social standards in the cognitive process and as summarizing the empirical knowledge of language users. In the production and perception of texts, social images ensure the predictable impact on a person’s consciousness and emotions.